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QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION assignment #2

The document outlines various instruments and techniques used in questioned document examination, including microscopic, transmitted light, photographic, oblique light, ultra-violet, electrostatic detection, video spectral comparison, shadowgraph machine, and UV examination. Each method is described with specific instructions on how to use them effectively to detect alterations, forgery, and other document-related issues. The techniques are essential for forensic analysis and evidence presentation in document disputes.

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25 views4 pages

QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION assignment #2

The document outlines various instruments and techniques used in questioned document examination, including microscopic, transmitted light, photographic, oblique light, ultra-violet, electrostatic detection, video spectral comparison, shadowgraph machine, and UV examination. Each method is described with specific instructions on how to use them effectively to detect alterations, forgery, and other document-related issues. The techniques are essential for forensic analysis and evidence presentation in document disputes.

Uploaded by

zyrf006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION

FLORES, CZYRE GUENEVIRE D.


BSCRIM 3C
INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES IN THE EXAMINATION OF QUESTIONED
DOCUMENT

1. MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
- Stereoscopic examination with low and high- powered objectives is used to detect
retouching, patching, and unnatural pen lift in signature analysis.

HOW TO USE:
 Start low
Begin with a low magnification to examine a section of the document, then zoom in
closer to the area of interest.
 Use a comparison microscope
A comparison microscope allows you to view images from two microscopes side by side,
which can help you overcome the brain's difficulty processing subtle differences.
 Consider the field of view
Higher magnification can narrow the field of view, making it difficult to see the object.
 Use a pointer
A small pointer, like a blunt knitting needle, can help direct attention to specific
locations.
 Allow enough time
Make sure to allow enough time for a proper examination so that no important evidence is
overlooked.
 Record and present evidence
The microscope is part of a system for recording and presenting evidence to the parties
involved in a document dispute.

2. TRANSMITTED LIGHT EXAMINATION


- Documents are subjected to this type of examination to determine the presence of erasure.
HOW TO USE:
 Place the document on a strong light source with the obliterated text facing the
light.
 The light will shine through the paper and reveal the original writing

3. PHOTOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
- this type of examination is very essential in every document examination.

 Can be used to create demonstrative charts for testimony or reports, and to prepare
work charts for examinations. Digital cameras can be useful because the image is
immediately available on the camera's LCD screen. However, conventional
photographic prints are more durable than digital images, which can fade or degrade
over time.

4. OBLIQUE LIGHT EEXAMINATION


- Decipherment of faded handwriting determination of outlines in traced forgery, embossed
impression.

 Oblique lighting uses a light source positioned at a low angle to create shadows on the
surface of the evidence. A very low angle can be used to photograph indented writing.

5. ULTRA-VIOLET EXAMINATION
- This type of examination is done in the dark room after the lamp has been warmed up to
give a maximum output of ultra-violet light.
 Detection of chemical erasure and differentiation of inks by examination under long-
and short-wave ultraviolet light generally solves many Questioned Documents
problems.

6. ELECTROSTATIC DETECTION APPARATUS


- Detect indention/ indented writings.

 Apply an electrostatic charge to the document


 Use a toner that is sensitive to the charge to visualize the indented writing

METHODS OF APPLYING TONER


 Cascade method: Pour a mixture of toner and carrier beads over the document, then capture
the excess toner and beads on the lower edge of the device
 Aerosol spray method: Spray toner over the charging film using a nozzle connected to a
toner reservoir
 Brush method: Use a magnetic brush to apply toner to the document
 Toner pad method: Place a toner pad on the charging film and move it across the surface.

7. VIDEO SPECTRAL COMPARATOR


-used in examining mask or obliterated text, watermarks, visible fluorescence, paper
fluorescence, and other oblique illumination of indented writing and embossing.

HOW TO USE:

 Light sources
The VSC uses multiple light sources, including ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, to
enhance a document from different angles.
 Filters
The VSC uses filters to isolate non-visible wavelengths of light, such as ultraviolet and
infrared.
 Lighting methods
The VSC uses different lighting methods, such as spot, flood, oblique, and transmitted
lighting, to detect hidden details.
 Spectral measurements
The VSC takes spectral measurements to analyze and compare features of the document.

8. SHADOWGRAPH MACHINE
- Is used to enlarge minute details as much as 20x without an ocular piece. It facilitates
examination of handwriting and type

9. UV EXAMINATION
- Used to examine suspected substitution, typewriter ribbons, detects counterfeit bills,
stamps and labels in merchandise. It must be done in a dark area.

 Detect chemical erasure: UV rays can detect and photograph chemically erased writing
because the chemical erasure often changes the fluorescence of the paper.
 Differentiate inks: Many inks based on dyestuff fluoresce under UV light.
 Detect ink alterations: Narrowband light sources, such as visible violet or yellow, can help
detect alterations made with different types of ink

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