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23 views28 pages

Embeded System Automatic Door Opening & Closing System

Uploaded by

Ashok Chavan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING CLOSING SYSTEM USING IR SENSOR

Technical Report · June 2022


DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21931.00802

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Eftekhar Nahim Abdullah Alimul Rajee


Comilla University Comilla University
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AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING CLOSING
SYSTEM USING IR SENSOR

A mini project report submitted for Electronic Circuit – II


(ICT-305)
By

Group - F
Mehedi Hasan : 12009017
Saiful Islam Rakib : 12009033
Eftekhar Nahim Abdullah : 12009027
Sahenshah : 12009031
Parvej : 1290090
Hafsa akter :12009016

Under the guidance of


Alimul Rajee Sir
Lecturer Department of Information and Communication Technology
Comilla University
Date of Submission: June, 2022
Acknowledgement

It gives us immense pleasure to find an opportunity to express


our deep gratitude to our project guide Alimul Rajee Sir ,and
useful critiques of this project work we acknowledge our
sincere thanks to Sir, for his valuable guidance for help in
offering us the in running the Project . We have used as
reference in preparing this report' thank all our branch teachers
and faculties of
Abstract

We have designed this project entitled "Automatic door


opening and closing system using IR Sensor with a simple
design. The main motto of this project is to utilization of sensor
with of embedded equipment for the door opening systems' we
describe the design and implementation of automatic controller
for the door' The door opens when any human movement is
detected near the door it detects the movement and sends a
signal to the transistor, in turns gives interrupt signal and the
door and close the door' which is driven by a motor IC, The
interrupt signals can be used to stop power to the motor in the
event of locked condition
TABLE OF CONTENT
Title:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Details of Project
2.1. Overview of Project
2.2. Block Diagram
2.3. Flowchart
2.4. Code for automatic door opening and
closing system

Chapter 3: Circuit Diagram


Chapter 4: Components and Software used
4.1. Components used
4.2. Software used
4.3. Components description
Chapter 5: Hardware implementation and results
Chapter 6: Cost Analysis
Chapter 7: Application
Chapter 8: Advantage and Disadvantages
Chapter 9: Future Development
Chapter 8: Conclusion
Chapter 9: References
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

Opening and closing of doors have been always a boring job,


especially in places where a person is always required to open
the door for visitors such as hotels, shopping malls and theatres.
Here is a solution to open and close the door i.e., movement
sensed automatic door opening and system. This project is
based on sensing any body movement present nearby the
sensor. This is achieved with the help of a passive infrared
sensor. Generally, a human body emits infrared which is
detected by the IR sensor from a particular distance. This signal
which is detected by the sensor is fed to a controller to function
a door motor through motor driver IC. When a body reaches
the operating range of the PIR sensor, it sends a signal to the
microcontroller to open and close the door.

A microprocessor controlled automatic door opener including


means for detecting the velocity and direction of travel of the
door. The micro-controller evaluates detected changes in either
the velocity or direction of travel to determine the cause, and
either reverses door travel direction or ignore the detection.
The settings of the door are stored in the memory of the
microprocessor. The microcontroller will regulate the opening
and closing speed and the direction of door travel depending
upon a programmed sequence. The door control mechanism is
able to differentiate these between these internal factors and
external obstructions.
CHAPTER-2

Details OF PROJECT
2.1 Overview of Project:

1. IR SENSOR: The IR (Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyroelectric device that


detects motion by mea suring changes in the infrared levels emitted by
surrounding objects. This pyroelectric sensor divide in two halves,
when there is no motion, both halves remain in same state, means both
senses the same level of infrared. As soon as somebody enters in first
half, the infrared level of one half becomes greater than other, and this
causes PIRS to react and makes the output pin high. This is the CPU
(Central Processing Unit) of our project. We have used AT89C51
which is a microcontroller of 8051 family. The various functions of
microcontroller are like:

2. MICROCONTROLLER:

(i) LCD DISPLAY: When a body approaches within the operating


range of the sensor, microcontroller sends a logical command to open
the door and the status of the door is shown in the 16x2 LCD Display.

3. MOTOR DRIVER IC L293D: MOTOR DRIVER IC can drive two


motors simultaneously in its common mode, both in forward and
reverse direction. A live body generally emits infrared energy which is
sensed by the PIR sensor from a considerable distance. This sensing
signal is fed to a microcontroller to operate a door motor through motor
driver IC.

4. LED: A light-emitting diode is a two-lead semiconductor light


source. It is a basic pn junction, which emit light when activated.
2.2. Block Diagram
2.3 Flowchart

Start

If You approach
the sensor at
the door Yes

Stop opening the


door
No

Door will not open


it will stay closed
2.4. CODE FOR AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENING AND CLOSING
SYSTEM.
#include<Servo.h>

Servo a;
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Started project");
a.attach(9);
a.write(0);
pinMode(2, INPUT);
}

void loop()
{

if( digitalRead(2) == LOW)


{
Serial.println("Object detect");
for(int i=0; i<=120; i++)
{
a.write(i);
delay(20);
}
delay(2000);
for(int i=90; i>=0; i--)
{
a.write(i);
delay(20);
}
}
else
{
Serial.println("nothing found");
a.write(0);
}

}
Chapter-3
Circuit Diagram

Fig: Circuit Diagram of automatic door opening and closing system

The circuit shows the design of automatic door opening and closing
system. The components used are PIR Sensor, Arduino UNO, L293D
and DC motor. Arduino and PIR sensor works as a main function. A
live body generally emits infrared energy which is sensed by the PIR
sensor from a considerable distance. This sensing signal is fed to a
microcontroller to operating range of the sensor, it sends a logical
command to open the door. The door automatically closes with a fixed
time delay. If there is no further movement within the PIR operating
range Interrupt signals are used through limit switches to avoid locked
rotor condition of the motor.
CHAPTER.4
COMPONENTS AND SOF'TWARE USED

4.1 Component used:

4.2 Software used:


Arduino 1.8.1 windows : we used this software for arduino programing
The hex code generated by the software is then fed to the
microcontroller
4.3 Components description:
(i)MOTOR DRIVER L293D IC
1293D is a Motor Driver IC which allows DC motor to drive on either
direction L293D is a 16- pin JC which can control a set of two DC
motors simultaneously in any direction. Two DC motors can be
controlled with a single L293D IC. The 1293d can drive small and quiet
big motors as well and can also check the Voltage Specification. It
works on the concept of H- bridge. H-bridge is a circuit which allows
the voltage to be flown in either direction Voltage need to change its
direction for being able to rotate the motor in clockwise or
anticlockwise direction, hence H-bridge IC are ideal for driving a DC
motor. In a single L293D chip there are two h-Bridge circuit inside the
IC which can rotate two dc motor independently. Due its size it is very
much used in robotic application for controlling DC motors Given
below is the pin diagram
of a L293D Motor controller.

4.4: IR Sensor:
The sensor signal
When a body, with a temperature different to ambient, moves into the
detection field of a IR sensor, the sensor provides a small AC signal.
This signal is in the range of 1 mVpp. This small voltage is around a
DC signal that may significantly vary from one sensor to another. For
this reason, it is mandatory to cancel the DC part of the signal and to
amplify the AC part. As the signal is disturbed by the environment, a
noise filter is useful. Parts identification of ir sensor

ARDUINO UNO
Arduino is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P.It has
14 digital input/output pins of which 6 can be used as PWM output), 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power
jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed
to support the microcontroller. We can connect it to a computer with a
USB cable or power it with AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started
Arduino is an open source electronic platform based on easy to use
hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs- light on
a sensor, a finger on a button, or a twitter message and turn it into an
output- activating a motor turning on LED. Arduino simplifies the
process of working with microcontrollers, but it off as some advantages
for teachers, students, and interested amateurs over other systems.
*
Inexpensive-Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared other
microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino
module can be assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled
Arduino modules cost less than 50 dollar.
• Cross-platform-The Arduino software runs on Windows, Macintosh
OSX, and Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are
limited to Windows.
• Simple, clear programming environment- The Arduino software
(IDE) is easy to use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advance users
to take advantages of as well.
• Open source and extensible hardware- The plans of the Arduino
boards are published under a Creative Common license, so experienced
circuit designers can make their own version of the module, extending
it and improving it. Even relatively inexperienced users can build the
breadboard versions of the module in order to understand how to work
and save money. Open source and extensible software- The Arduino
software is published as open source tools, available for extension by
experienced programmers. The language can be expanded through C++
libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical details can
make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on
which it is based. Similarly, you can add AVR C code directly into your
Arduino programs if you want to.

SERBO MOTOR

Servo motor is a electric motor that converts electrical energy into


mechanical energy to produce torque, which causes it to turn. It
requires two magnets of opposite polarity and an electric coil, which
acts as an electromagnet. The repellent and attractive electromagnetic
forces of the magnets provide the torque that causes the motor to turn,
DC motors were the first type widely used, since they could be powered
from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC
motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a
variable supply voltage by changing the strength of current in its field
windings. Small DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The
universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor
used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC motors are
used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives
for steel rolling mills. The advent of power electronics has made
replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in any
applications. ADC motor requires at least one electromagnet, which
switches the current flow as the motor ums, changing its polarity to
keep it running. The other magnet of magnets can either be permanent
magnets or other electromagnets The electromagnet is located in the
center of the motor and turns within the permanent magnets

PIN Diagram and Description:


CHAPTER-5

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

we have shown the circuit operation into two sections. Section I


consists of IR sensor detection and the other section shows the
direction of rotation of dc motor using motor driver I L293D IC.

The above figure shows the hardware implementation of IR sensor


detection. The components used in this circuit are PIR sensor, LED and
resistor below lk ohm. Vcc pin of PIR sensor is connected to the
positive terminal of the power supply with maximum 9 volt, ground
pin is connected to the negative terminal of the power supply and the
output pin of PIR sensor is connected to LED with a resistor. So when
drere is any motion in the range of IR, LED will start to glow.
The above figure shows the hardware implementation of dc motor
using dc motor driver L293D IC. Since it is required to know the
direction of rotation ot'a dc motor so we have first considered the
operation of rotation of motor using L293D IC. L293D IC is al6 pin IC
which can contol DC motor. Pin 3 and 6 is connected to the two
terminals ofdc motor. Pin 4,5,12,13 is in the connected ground. Pin 6
and 18 is connected to the positive terrninals of the power supply
where 2 and 7 are the input terminals. When Pin 2 is high and Pin 7 is
low then the dc motor rotates clockwise. When Pin 2 is low and Pin 7
is high then dc motor rotates anticlockwise. When Pin 2 and Pin 7 is
high or low then dc motor does not rotate.
The aim of this project is to design an automatic door opening system
using Arduino ATmega328P in which the door is automatically opened
and closed by detecting the movement of a person.
The basic requirements of the project are:

When a person approaches the door through the doorway, the


system must detect the person and open the door automatically. The
door should stay open as long the doorway is not clear i.e., as long as
the system detects a person.
Once the doorway is cleared, the system must close the door
automatically and wait for the next person.

Considering the above requirements the working of the project is


explained here. Once we turn on the circuit the Arduino will initialize
the PIR sensor with a sifting time of 20 seconds for the sensor to
calibrate the unbounding. During this time the LCD will display the
message as LOADING'. Once the setup is done the PIR sensor is ready
to delete the human movement within its range. At this time, the
Arduino will display the message as'SCANNING' on the LCD display. If
there is no human movement in front of the PIR sensor, it will detect
the movement and indicate the arduino by making the data output
pin LOGC HIGH. Now, arduino will open the door by initializing the
motor & iver L293D. A 'DOOR OPENED' message is displayed on the
LCD . The door remains open as long as the data out from the PIR
sensor is high. When there is no human movement the data out of
the IR sensor because LOW. Once the data out is low. After a small
delay, the door is automatically closed and comes back to initial
position
CHAPTER.6

COST ANALYSS
The total cost of the project is estimated to be Rs'23424'The following
table shows details of the cost incurred in the project work.
CHAPTER-7

APPLICATIONS:
1. This architecture can be implemented in various places like
shopping malls, toilets and theaters where a person is always
required to open the door for visitors.
2. It is also helpful for the disability person so that he could
easily come in and out without opening the door.
3. It can be used in hospitals for the patients.
CHAPTER-8

Advantage:
l) The automatic gates do not need any physical effort to
open or close.
2) Automatic gates are used durable, strong and can be
available in customized sizes.
3) It is very convenient to enter and leave the automatic
gates.
4) Low cost.
5) Easy to use.
6) Power consumption is less.

Disadvantage:
l) Power failure causes inconvenience.
2) Cannot used for security purposes.
CHAPTER.9

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT:

1.There can be a display unit for showing number of persons entered


in a particular room
2.A better sensor is recommended to achieve new functionality, for
instance, a suitable sensor as radar sensor that could detect
contraband good any vehicle.
3.Can be farther used in security systems by implementing tinger
print on it.
4.Fans air conditioner- curtains- control can be added alones with
automatic door

CHAPTER-10

CONCLUSION
This project is a simple design of automatic door opening
system where PIR sensor serves the input main function and
here arduino uno is a microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328p.
We have considered two feedbacks to this architecture that
when we implement an effective system then there can be a
display print for showing number of persons entered in a
particular room with this system we can use face-detection
through camera for automated attendance we can conclude
that this is a simple and low cost architecture of automatic
door opening but having lots of benefits such as we energy,
reduces human efforts, save etc.
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