TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MOMBASA

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICENGINEERING
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC
ENGINEERING

ACADEMIC YEAR: 2024/2025

EEE:4404 INSTRUMENTATION

TITLE: INFRARED SENSOR CONTROLLED AUTOMATIC DOOR

NAME REG NO SIGNATURE

CHRISTINE NYANDUKO KIBWOGO BSEE/551J/2021

NASAMBU CYNTHIA BSEE/332J/2020

MUTENDE STEPHEN BSEE/556J/2021

BRAMWEL ONGORI BSEE/508J/2021

JAMES JILO BSEE/636J/2023

KELVIN MOKUA BSEE/535J/2021

MUHAMED SALIM BSEE/0238/2021

MUHAMMAD ABDALLAH BSEE/492J/2021

KENNEDY MUIA BSEE/504J/2021

CHERUIYOT COLLINS BSEE/558J/2021

VALENTINE OMONDI BSEE/311J/2019

Table of Contents
1. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
2. LITERATE REVIEW.....................................................................................................................4
3. METHODOLOGY..........................................................................................................................5
Working mechanism........................................................................................................................6
6. CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
5. REFERENCE..................................................................................................................................6

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Table of Figures
FIGURE 1 EXAMPLE OF INFRARED SENSOR.............................................................................................................4
FIGURE 2 SERVO MOTOR........................................................................................................................................5
FIGURE 3 RELAY MODULE.....................................................................................................................................5

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1. INTRODUCTION
This proposal outlines the design of an automatic door that uses infrared (IR) sensors which
emit infrared light and detect the reflection from objects (such as a hand or a person) which
triggers the door to open automatically. It is embedded in a control system consisting of
motor mechanism and safety features.
Automation of doors is an essential feature in modern infrastructure. It is important in
convenience for example in airports where the effort of physically opening and closing the
door is eliminated. Also, hygiene for examples in public places like hospitals to minimize the
spreading of germs. It is important for accessibility where people with disability require help
in entering certain places.

2. LITERATE REVIEW
Sensors in automatic doors detect movement, pressure, or infrared pictures, causing the doors
to open or close. The doors will open as soon as pressure or movement is sensed, and they
will close when the detectors can no longer sense anything.
A variety of sensors are found in automated doors. The most common are;
 Infrared Sensors: These sensors detect the presence of people or objects by emitting
an infrared beam that reflects off them. When the beam is interrupted, the sensors
send a signal to the door to open or close.

Figure 1 Example of infrared sensor

 Microwave Sensors: These sensors emit microwave signals and measure the
reflections to detect the presence of people or objects. They are often used in high-
traffic areas and can detect motion up to 25 feet away.
 Ultrasonic Sensors: These sensors emit high-frequency sound waves that bounce off
objects and measure the reflections to detect their presence. They are often used in
areas with high humidity or temperature fluctuations and can detect motion up to 10
feet away.
 Pressure Sensors: These sensors detect the weight of people or objects and trigger the
door to open or close accordingly. They are often used in hospitals and other
healthcare facilities.

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Sensors that employ infrared technology to visualize their surroundings like the motion
sensor are called passive infrared movement sensors (PIR).
Automatic door sensors offer a range of benefits like the ones stated earlier in the
introduction and also can be programmed to operate during specific hours or in response to
specific events, such as fire alarms or security breaches.

3. METHODOLOGY
The system design requires the following:
 (Primary sensing element) PIR Sensor: To detect motion.
 (Variable converging element) Relay Module: To control the motor.
 (Variable manipulation element) DC Motor or Servo Motor: To open and close
the door.
 Power Supply: To power the circuit.
 (Variable transmission element) Connecting wires: Transmits the signal between
the components.
 (Data presentation element) Door Mechanism: Sliding or swinging mechanism for
the door.
 Timing Circuit: RC (resistor-capacitor) timing circuit used to control how long the
relay stays activated, ensuring the door doesn't stay open indefinitely.

Figure 2 Servo motor

Figure 3 Relay module

The procedure followed to connect the circuit is:

1. Place the PIR sensor near the door to detect motion. When it detects motion, it will
send a signal to the relay module.
2. Connect the output of the PIR sensor to the input of the relay module. The relay acts
as a switch that controls the motor.
3. Connect the motor to the relay module. When the relay is activated by the PIR sensor,
it will power the motor to open the door.
4. Ensure a stable power supply to the PIR sensor, relay module, and motor.

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Working mechanism
In a real-time setting, the IR sensor module continuously emits infrared light from its LED.
This light travels outward and reflects back when an object, such as a hand or a person,
comes within the sensor's range. The reflected light is captured by the IR receiver, producing
an electrical signal proportional to the intensity of the reflected light. This signal serves as an
indication of an object's presence near the door.
The signal from the IR receiver is sent to the comparator circuit, where it is compared with a
reference voltage. If the detected signal exceeds the threshold, the relay outputs a HIGH
signal. This signal activates the relay module, which functions as a switch to control the
motor or solenoid connected to the door mechanism. Upon activation, the motor physically
moves the door to the open position.
To ensure the door does not stay open indefinitely, there is a timing circuit that deactivates
the relay after a preset delay. This causes the motor or solenoid to reverse or allows a return
spring to close the door automatically. The integration of a power supply ensures that all
components operate efficiently and reliably. The system's analog design allows it to respond
in real time without the need for programming, making it ideal for applications requiring
straightforward and immediate automation.

6. CONCLUSION
Automatic door sensors are an essential component of modern commercial and residential
buildings. They use advanced technology to detect the presence of people or objects and
trigger the opening and closing of doors. From infrared sensors to microwave sensors, there
are a variety of automatic door sensors available to suit different needs and applications.

5. REFERENCE
www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAEkrVQetqM
lecturer notes
Hotron (2022) Hotron: Pioneers of Automatic Door Sensor Technology. Hotron.
https://hotron.com/
Mehta, A (2022). How Do Automatic Doors
Work? ScienceABC. https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/automatic-sliding-doors-
working-motion-detector-pressure-sensor-infrared.html
www.instructables.com/Automatic-Door-Opening-and-Closing-System-Using-IR/
www.electronicsforu.com/electronics-projects/hardware-diy/automatic-lights-and-door-
without-microcontroller