CLASS – X BIOLOGY

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

1) A student sets up an experiment to study the importance of nutrition in plants. The student takes 2 pots, pot 1
and pot 2 each with the same healthy plant. Both the pots were placed in the garden and watered properly. Pot 1
was kept as such, while pot 2 was kept in an air tight glass box with caustic soda. Caustic soda absorbs carbon
dioxide present in the surrounding. After 2 days, the student observes that the plant kept in the garden is healthy
while the plant placed in container shed leaves and droops. What is the likely reason for this observation?

(a) lack of nutrients in the soil (b) absence of oxygen for survival
(c) inability to perform photosynthesis (d) absorption of light by caustic soda restricting growth

2) Which of the equation show correct conversion of CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates in plants ?

3) A student sets up an experiment to study the photosynthesis in plants. The student destarched a potted plant by
keeping it in a dark room for 3 days. Half of the portion of destarched leaf was placed in a bottle containing caustic
potash (absorbs CO2) as shown.

The student then places the plant in light and tests the leaf after 5 hours for the presence of starch. The portions
inside the bottle shows negative starch test by reflecting no change in colour when react with iodine, however, other
upper portions of the leaf gave positive starch test showing blue-black colour with iodine. What can be evaluated
from this experiment?

(a) carbon dioxide is directly linked with the colour of leaf

(b) carbon dioxide is necessary for preparing carbohydrate
(c) lack of carbon dioxide increases amount of starch in plant
(d) lack of carbon dioxide slows the process of photosynthesis
4) The image shows the bread moulds on a bread.

5) The image below shows

6) Digestion of food starts from which organ of the digestive system?

(a) mouth due to the presence of saliva (b) oesophagus that moves the food in gut
(c) that releases juices for fat breakdown (d) which helps in mixing food with digestive juices

7) What will be the likely happen if the number of villi increases in the intestine?
(a) increase in the absorption of food (b) fast elimination of waste from the body
(c) increase in flow of blood in the small intestine (d) fast breakdown of larger food particles into smaller ones
8) A student sets up an experiment to study the role of enzymes in digestion of food. In which test tube, the
digestion of protein will occur?

(a) Test tube A as pepsin will breakdown into simple molecules.

(b) Test tube B as HCl will breakdown protein into simple molecules.
(c) Test tubes A as pepsin will breakdown protein into simple molecules.
(d) Test tube B as HCl will activate pepsin for breakdown of protein into simple molecules.

9) Which pathway will occur in the cell of an athlete who is performing 100m sprint?

10) A student setup an experiment to study the human respiratory system. In the experiment, the student places
candle and a living cockroach in the flask A, while a candle and a dead cockroach in flask B. The burning of candle
needs oxygen. After 10 minutes, the student observes that the candle in flask A extinguish faster while candle in flask
B keeps burning for a longer time. What can be evaluated from this experiment?

(a) candle produces high amount of carbon dioxide

(b) living beings consumes oxygen during respiration
(c) burning of candle decreases the life span of cockroach
(d) water vapours produced by living beings prevents burning of candle
11) Which option correctly shows the transport of oxygen to the cell?

(a) Lungs →pulmonary vein →left atrium →left ventricle →aorta → body cells
(b) Lungs →pulmonary vein →right atrium →right ventricle → aorta → body cells
(c) Lungs →pulmonary artery →left atrium → left ventricle → vena cava → body cells
(d) Lungs →pulmonary artery →right atrium → right ventricle→ vena cava → body cells

12) What is the direction of deoxygenated blood from right atrium of the heart?

(a) towards the lungs (b) towards the lower body

(c) towards the upper body (d) towards the left atrium of heart

13) Which option correctly traces the pathway of blood flow in fish body ?

(a) Gill capillaries→ oxygenated blood→ heart → body cells→ deoxygenated blood→ gills
(b) Gill capillaries→ oxygenated blood→ body cells→ deoxygenated blood→ heart→ gills
(c) capillaries→ heart →oxygenated blood→ body cells→ deoxygenated blood→ heart→ gills
(d) Gill capillaries→ oxygenated blood→ heart → body cells→ deoxygenated blood→ heart→ gills

14) The image shows the structure of an artery

(a) to carry large amount of blood (b) to allow easy exchange of gases with cells
(c) to ensure blood flows in only one direction (d) to sustain the high-pressure blood from the heart

15) How water is taken up from soil to the xylem tissue of the plant roots?

(a) xylem attracts water molecules

(b) roots act as a suction pump for taking water
(c) soil expels the water with pressure to the xylem
(d) difference in the ion concentration creates a gradient for water movement
 16) The loss of water from the leaves of the plant is transpiration. How this process is advantageous for the
plant?
(a) It helps in the downward movement of the water.
(b) It helps the plant to maintain temperature in hot sunny days.
(c) It acts as a driving force for distribution of food in plant’s body.
(d) helps maintain a constant level of water in the soil around the plant.

17) The image shows the movement of sucrose into phloem against the concentration gradient which also
leads to the movement of water due to osmotic difference. This osmotic pressure allows movement of
material in plant body.

How the movement of sucrose into phloem

takes place initially?

(a) with the help of transpiration

(b) with the help of water gradient

(c) with the help of ATP molecules

(d) with the help of ADP molecules

18) The image shows the excretory system in humans.

What is the importance of the labelled part in excretory

system?

(a) It produces urine.

(b) It filters waste from the blood.

(c) It stores the urine till urination. (

d) It carries urine from kidney to outside.

19) Nephron is a unit of filtration in kidneys that filters waste material. It selectively reabsorbs or excretes water with
the help of capillaries that surround it. What is the likely benefit of this ?

(a) It makes the process of filtration at Bowman’s capsule easier.

(b) It helps keep the output of urine constant throughout the day.
(c) It helps to uptake and store excess amount of water in the body for later use.
(d) It maintains the concentration of urine based on the amount of water present in the body.

20) A plant gets rid of excess water through transpiration. Which is a method used by plants to get rid of solid waste
products ?
(a) shortening of stem (b) dropping down of fruits
(c) shedding of yellow leaves (d) expansion of roots into the soil
 SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Patients whose gallbladder are removed are recommended to eat less oily food. Why ?

2. Name the substances other than water, that are reabsorbed during urine formation.

3. What are the two parameters that decide the amount of water that is reabsorbed in the kidney?

4. A lot of waste is generated in neighbourhood. However, almost all of it is biodegradable. What impact will it
have on the environment or human health?

5. Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? What are its causes and what steps are being taken
to limit this damage?

6. The leaves of a plant were covered with aluminium foil, how would it affect the physiology of the plant?

7. How is lymph an important fluid involved in transportation? If lymphatic vessels get blocked, how would it
affect the human body? Elaborate

ASSERTION – REASONING BASED QUESTIONS

Following questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Select the appropriate option:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

1. Assertion (A) : Amphibians can tolerate mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Reason (R) : Amphibians are animals with two chambered heart

2. Assertion (A) : In anaerobic respiration, one of the end product is alcohol.

Reason (R) : There is an incomplete breakdown of glucose.

3. Assertion (A) : Bile is essential for digestion of lipids.

Reason (R) : Bile juice contains enzymes.

4. Assertion (A): Arteries are thick-walled and elastic in nature.

Reason (R) : Arteries have to transport blood away from the heart.

5. Assertion (A) : Human heart is four-chambered.

Reason (R) : Vena cava is the only artery that supplies deoxygenated blood to the heart.

6. Assertion (A): Rings of cartilage are present in the throat,

Reason (R) : These ensure that the air-passage does not collapse

7. Assertion (A): Pyruvate is a six-carbon molecule

Reason (R) : It is prepared in the cytoplasm as the first step to cellular respiration

8. Assertion (A): Molecular movements are needed for life.

Reason (R): Body structures made up of these molecules need continuous repair and maintenance

9. Assertion (A): Diffusion does not meet high energy requirements of multi-cellular organisms
Reason (R) : Diffusion is a fast process but occurs at the surface of the body.
 10. Assertion (A): The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi.
Reason (R) : The villi increase the surface area for absorption.

11. Assertion (A): In human beings, the respiratory pigment is haemoglobin

Reason (R) : It is a type of protein which has high-affinity carbon dioxide.

12. Assertion : The movement of water and dissolved salts in xylem is always upwards.
Reason: ‘The upward movement of water is due to low pressure created by transpiration.

13. Assertion : Ventricles have thicker walls than auricles.

Reason: Ventricles have to pump blood into various organs with great pressure

14. Assertion : Capillaries are the thinnest blood vessels.

Reason: Capillaries connect the branches of arteries and veins.

15. Assertion : Blood takes up oxygen from the alveolar air and release CO2 during exchange.
Reason: ‘The concentration of O, is more in alveolar air.

16. Assertion: The large intestine is the largest part of the alimentary canal.
Reason: Tiger has a shorter small intestine, than herbivores.

17. Assertion : The Bowman’s capsule and the tubule together make a nephron.
Reason : The function of tubule is to allow the selective reabsorption of substances like glucose, amino
acids, urea, salts and water into the blood capillaries.

18. Assertion : Pancreatic juice digests starch, proteins and fats.

Reason: Pancreatic juice contains digestive enzymes like pancreatic amylase, trypsin and lipase.

19. Assertion: The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles causes muscle cramps.
Reason: During vigorous physical exercise leg muscles respire anaerobically.

20. Assertion : Phloem helps in translocation of food from the leaves.

Reason: Phloem provides mechanical support to plant.

ANSWER KEY

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

1 (c) 2 (c) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5(d) 6(a) 7(a) 8(d) 9(c) 10(b) 11(a) 12(a) 13(b) 14(d)

15(d) 16(b) 17(c) 18(c) 19(d) 20(c)

ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS

1 (c) 2 (a) 3 (c) 4 (b) 5(c) 6(a) 7(d) 8(a) 9(c) 10(a) 11(d) 12(a) 13(a) 14(a)

15(a) 16(d) 17(b) 18(a) 19(a) 20(c)