Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Regional office No.VIII

Division of Northern Samar

HIBUBULLAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

San Jose, Catubig

The Problem of Student Absenteeism

and it's impact on Educational outcome
in Senior High School Students

PREPARED BY:

SHELLA MAE C .JUSTINIANE

ERIC A. MEDRANO

JHON LAMBERT ZULUETA

GRADE-11 AMETHYST

RESEARCHERS

PRESENTED TO:

SIR SONNY M. HIRAMIA

RESEARCH ADVISER

2024-2025
 ABSTRACT
TITLE: THE PROBLEM OF STUDENT ABSENTEEISM AND ITS IMPACT ON

EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME IN SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS

RESEARCHERS: Shella mae C. Justiniane

Eric A. Medrano

Jhon Lambert ZULUETA

ADVISER: Mr. Sonny M. HIRAMIA

GRADE LEVEL: Grade-11(AMETHYST)

SCHOOL: HIBUBULLAO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

YEAR: 2024-2025

This study focused on "The problem of student absenteeism and it's impact on educational
outcome in Senior High School",this study aimed to determine the demographic profile of
Respondents:The problem of student absenteeism and it's impact on educational outcome in
Senior High School.

The researcher conducted simple random sampling in identifying the respondents of the
study.In order to Identify The problem of student absenteeism and it's impact on educational
outcome in Senior High School the researcher distribute survey Questionnaire to the selected
10 respondents.After the gathering and interpretation of data,the researcher found out that
most of participants/student answered the problem of student absenteeism and it's impact on
educational outcome in Senior High School.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers have great pleasure to acknowledge the efforts of all those who have
helped in finalizing this research. First of all the proponent would thank toGod for having
bestowed His blessings, strength, guidance and protection in everything the researcher did and
even in accomplishing and making this research successful. The researcher would also like to
thank to the Practical Research | teacher Mr. Sonny M. HIRAMIA for his timely advice,sustained
guidance and encouragement throughout the period of research work.The proponent would
also like to recognize and say thank you to all people who contribute and help the researcher to
accomplish this research.

III
 DEDICATION
First of all I would like to thank you the almighty God, because he gives me to
make this study possible. To my parents,thank you very much for your all sacrifices, support
and unconditional to inspire me to successfully fulfill this research study.

RESEARCHER

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Title............................................................................................................................................1

Abstract....................................................................................................................................II

Acknowledgement...................................................................................................................III

Dedication................................................................................................................................IV

Table of content...................................................................................................................V-VI

CHAPTER 1(INTRODUCTION)

Background of study.............................................................................................................1

Statement of the Problem....................................................................................................1-2

Objective of the study...........................................................................................................2

Significant of the study ........................................................................................................2-3

Scope and limitation..............................................................................................................3

Theorical framework ............................................................................................................4

Conceptual framework .......................................................................................................4-5

Paradigm................................................................................................................................6-7

Hypothesis.............................................................................................................................7

Definition of terms................................................................................................................7-8

CHAPTER II (REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE)

RRL.....................................................................................................................................9-11

CHAPTER III (METHODOLOGY)

Methodology........................................................................................................................12

Locale of the study .............................................................................................................12

Variables of study.............................................................................................................12-13
Research Design .................................................................................................................13

Scoring and interpretation...................................................................................................13

Population and sampling.....................................................................................................13

Validation of research Instrument .....................................................................................14

Research Instrument...........................................................................................................14

Research Respondents........................................................................................................14

Validation of research Instrument .....................................................................................14

Data Gathering Procedure ..................................................................................................14

Statistical Treatment...........................................................................................................14

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

In the senior high school setting, student absenteeism can have a profound impact on
educational outcomes, particularly among senior high school students who are at a critical
stage in their academic journey. Absenteeism, defined as the consistent or intentional absence
of students from school or specific classes without valid reasons, can lead to disruptions in
learning, decreased academic engagement, and ultimately, hindered academic success.Senior
High School students are in a pivotal year where they are preparing for higher education or
entry into the workforce, making regular attendance and active participation crucial for their
academic development. However, various factors such as health issues, family circumstances,
lack of motivation, or socio-economic challenges can contribute to absenteeism among senior
high school students. Understanding the root causes and consequences of absenteeism in
Senior High School students is essential for educators, policymakers, and stakeholders to
implement targeted interventions and support mechanisms. By addressing absenteeism
effectively, schools can create a supportive learning environment that promotes student
attendance, engagement, and academic achievement for Senior High School students in senior
high school.This study aims to explore the problem of student absenteeism and its impact on
educational outcomes in Senior High School students, highlighting the importance of addressing
absenteeism to enhance student success and overall educational outcomes in the senior high

school context.

BACKGROUND STUDY:

Student absenteeism is a significant concern in Senior high school, particularly among grade 11
students. Numerous studies have examined the background and impact of absenteeism on
educational outcomes in this context.

Research has consistently shown that student absenteeism has a detrimental effect on
academic performance. High rates of absenteeism are associated with lower test scores,
decreased course grades, and lower overall grade point averages. Absences from school result
in missed instructional time, which can lead to gaps in knowledge and skills, ultimately
hindering students' academic progress.

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Moreover, absenteeism in grade 11 can have long-term consequences on educational
attainment and future opportunities. Students who are frequently absent during this critical
year of high school may struggle to meet graduation requirements, negatively impacting their
chances of pursuing higher education or entering the workforce with the necessary skills and
qualifications.

The reasons for student absenteeism in grade 11 can vary, including personal factors, family
circumstances, health issues, disengagement from school, or lack of support. It is essential to
address these underlying causes and implement targeted interventions to reduce absenteeism
and improve educational outcomes for grade 11 students.

Efforts to address absenteeism in Senior high school should involve collaboration among
educators, parents, and the wider school community. This can include implementing
attendance monitoring systems, providing support services for students facing barriers to
attendance, fostering a positive school climate, and promoting parental involvement in
monitoring and encouraging regular school attendance.

By addressing the problem of student absenteeism in grade 11, schools can help ensure that
students have the best chance of academic success, graduation, and future opportunities for

higher education and career advancement.

STATEMENT OF THE STUDY

This study strongly aims to determine the effects of general Hibubullao National High School
students absenteeism especially this sough answer the following questions.

1. What are the possible effect or consequences on absenteeism to the students?

2. What are the causes why of students absenteeism?

3.Why is Absenteeism a problem?

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

In any research or work, objectives are basically important to promote direction.For researcher
objectives are statement of activities to be performed to shape Research 1work.Rhis section
includes the specific objective of the study.

1. To Identify the causes of absenteeism students

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2.To find out how absenteeism affective students performance.

3.To Identity ways to reduce the rate of absenteeism.

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

:
THE STUDENTS When a Person will know the effects of his action and decision he or she has
done,he or she will lock for ways to lessen the damage done.This study is aimed at raising
awareness of the impact of absenteeism to the lives of the students to do better than what
they already are doing.To students who are absentees,they will be given a new opportunity to
go back the school and may decline the number of ratio absenteeism.

THE TEACHER : Being a teacher means that one must assume the role of the second parent to
the students he or she is in contact with students.However students chronic absenteeism are
one of the stressor to teachers.This study will be helpful to the teacher who encounter the
phenomenon of absenteeism among student.The teache will be able to device intervention
program to reduce the number of student who commit the absenteeism of this study may also
become a guide to teacher as they can implement or improve the interventions recommended
by the for future use.

THE SCHOOL ADMINISTRATOR:This school administration is the primary people affected upon a
knowing the effects of absenteeism.Their concern can the be discussed with the student body
and so as the student body sharing their troubles to the administration.Through a conference
the administration might be able to arrive to solution which can be applicable to different
situations.

The DepEd Authorities:The department of Education main goal is to be able to produce

productive citizen of the Absenteeism is the one of the factors that disturb the stableness of
this goal.When the results are evident,the DepEd Authorities together with the different school
administration may arrive to a step by step planning to kill the rodents of absenteeism.

The Parent:The parents are the direct and the baseline in communication and relation to their
child regular truancy.kwowing the impact of absenteeism to their child's learning performance,
a parent will albe at the concern of convincing their child to attend school and protect them
from the primary causes of their absences.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

This study on centered on determining the performance of Senior High School the problem of
student absenteeism in Senior High School students of Hibubullao National High School.This
study would distinguished it's participants who are selected from Hibubullao National High
School.There will be a total of 10 Research participants of 2 section of Grade 12 and 3 section of
Grade 11 classes.

This study is limited only to know The problem of student absenteeism and it's impact on
educational outcome in Senior High School.

THEORICAL FRAMEWORK

The 1987 constitution mandates that the state shall give priority Educations,
science and technology,arts culture and sports,to foster patriotism and nationalism ,accelerate
social and promote total human liberation and development: the citizens have right to equally
education which should be accessible to all: its requires the establishment and maintenance of
free public of education in both elementary and High School levels.

The Theory Central to this study is Norma Haan's theory of Ego processes.Haan
(1977) postulated that there are certain generic ego processes(coping, defense and
fragmentation) that can be used for adaptations.These processes can be used consciously in
order to adapt to and/or change the situation as it is,with awareness of what one is doing and
why: such conscious processes are classified and coping.

Defense is a method of adaptation or self protection that involves "unyielding and

fortification" or beliefs or behavior:while fragmentation is a form of adaptive
"failure".optimically;the individual copes with adversity and maintain self -consistency.Less
optimally,the individual defends against internal and external threats to self-integration.And in
ime of extreme stress when the maintenance of self consistency is precarious fragmentation
issues.Further , according to Haan,an individual "constructs" a response to his
environment,rather than "reacting" to it.As cognitive development proceeds,the individual is
able the respond to internal and external stresses in an interestingly sophisticated and adaptive
manner.(Martz and livneh: 2007)Haan in this theory suggests that defense operates on a
preconscious level and are not inherently conscious or unconscious in nature.

The individual in an active and rational agent in constructing his) her responses to he
environment.

According to Free Dictionary (2003),some students Are demotivated to come to

school and the young ones who find it extremely difficult to get up early in the morning " are
some of the causes of the phenomenon of either absenteeism or tardiness.This can affect their
learning since students who frequently Skipp their classes are missing out from what they can
learn.sometime students Skipp their classes because they have been coming to school on time
Or primarily not being present in the time set by the school.

Kirkpatrick,Crosnoe and Elder(2001) Educational , psychologist,stated that school

tardiness and absenteeism accelerate if students are not committed to their school.In earlier
study ,osteman(2000) reached at the some conclusion, vigorously stating that if students are
not at home in their environment.they prefer to be absent or become tardy at school.Beards
George,1981 asserts it as"A delay in a few the hope of lifelong learning".

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

1. Student Absenteeism: This concept refers to the phenomenon of students being absent from
school or missing a significant amount of instructional time. It encompasses both excused and
unexcused absences and can vary in frequency and duration.

2. Educational Outcomes: This concept encompasses various indicators of academic

achievement and success, including test scores, course grades, grade point averages, and
graduation rates. It reflects the overall educational attainment and performance of students.

3. Factors Influencing Absenteeism: This component focuses on the underlying factors that
contribute to student absenteeism. These factors can be categorized into individual-level
factors (e.g., personal circumstances, health issues), family-level factors (e.g., socioeconomic
status, family dynamics), school-level factors (e.g., school climate, teacher-student
relationships), and community-level factors (e.g., neighborhood characteristics, access to
resources).

4. Impact on Educational Outcomes: This component examines the consequences of student

absenteeism on educational outcomes.

It includes the negative effects on academic performance, such as lower test scores, decreased
course grades, and reduced overall grade point averages.

It also considers the long-term implications, such as potential barriers to graduation and
limited opportunities for higher education or future career prospects.

5. Interventions and Strategies: This component focuses on the development and

implementation of interventions and strategies to address student absenteeism and improve
educational outcomes. These interventions can range from attendance monitoring systems and
targeted support services to promote regular attendance, to initiatives that foster student
engagement, enhance school climate, and strengthen family-school partnerships.

PARADIGM

The focus is on understanding how social interactions, cultural contexts, and individual
experiences shape students' attitudes towards attendance, their reasons for absenteeism, and
the consequences of missing school on their academic performance. This paradigm emphasizes
the importance of social factors, such as peer influences, family dynamics, and school culture, in
shaping students' behaviors and attitudes towards attendance.

Additionally, the social constructivist paradigm recognizes the role of the school
environment in influencing student absenteeism and educational outcomes. It considers how
school policies, teacher-student relationships, and support systems impact students'
engagement with learning and their likelihood of attending school regularly. By examining
absenteeism through a social constructivist lens, researchers can gain insights into the social
and contextual factors that contribute to absenteeism among senior high school students.

Moreover, within this paradigm, there is an emphasis on the co-construction of

knowledge and understanding through social interactions and shared experiences. By engaging
with students, teachers, parents, and other stakeholders in the educational community,
researchers can explore the complex interplay of factors that influence student absenteeism
and collaboratively develop strategies to address this issue and improve educational outcomes
for Senior High School students in senior high school.

Overall, the social constructivist paradigm provides a valuable framework for examining student
absenteeism in Senior High School students emphasizing the social, cultural, and contextual
influences that shape absenteeism and its impact on educational outcomes in the senior high
school setting.

HYPOTHESIS

1. The hypothesis suggests that there is a negative correlation between student absenteeism
and educational outcomes in Senior high school.
 2. It posits that as student absenteeism increases, there will be a corresponding decrease in
academic performance, including lower test scores, decreased course grades, and a decline in
overall grade point averages.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

To ensure clarity and understanding, the following key terms are defined in the context of the
problem of student absenteeism and its impact on educational outcomes in Senior high school

1. Student Absenteeism: Refers to the phenomenon of students being absent from school or
missing a significant amount of instructional time. It includes both excused and unexcused
absences and can be measured by the number of days or periods missed.

2. Educational Outcomes: Encompasses various indicators of academic achievement and

success, including test scores, course grades, grade point averages, and graduation rates. It
reflects the overall educational attainment and performance of students.

3. Senior High School: Refers to the level of education following junior high school or middle
school, typically consisting of grades 11 and 12. It is the final stage of secondary education
before students transition to higher education or the workforce.

4. Grade 11: Specifically refers to the eleventh grade or the penultimate year of high school
education. Grade 11 students are typically aged 16 to 17 and are preparing for their final year
of high school.

5. Impact: Refers to the influence or effect that student absenteeism has on educational
outcomes. It includes the consequences of absenteeism on academic performance, such as
lower test scores, decreased course grades, and a decline in overall grade point averages.

6. Educational Achievement: Represents the level of knowledge, skills, and competencies

acquired by students through their educational experiences. It is often measured through
various assessments, including tests, exams, and assignments.

7. Academic Performance: Refers to the extent to which students meet or exceed established
academic standards and expectations. It is typically assessed through measures such as test
scores, course grades, and overall grade point averages.
8. Attendance Rate: Represents the percentage of school days or instructional periods that a
student is present compared to the total number of scheduled days or periods. It is used as a
measure of regular attendance and can be calculated for individual students, classes, or
schools.

9. Interventions: Refers to targeted strategies, programs, or initiatives implemented to address

student absenteeism and improve educational outcomes. These interventions may include
attendance monitoring systems, support services, parental involvement, and initiatives to
enhance student engagement and motivation.

10. Educational Success: Represents the achievement of desired educational outcomes,

including academic performance, graduation, and the acquisition of necessary knowledge and
skills for future endeavors, such as higher education or the workforce.

CHAPTER 2

RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

RELATED LITERATURE

When examining the related literature, plently of studies take place about the reasons
and effects of student absenteeism in abroad. However, in our country, this issues is not taken
into account enough. In addition, it is important note that the variables taken into
consideration in this study were examined separately by previous study. On the other hand,
entegrated examination of this factors in a single study may provide us the beneficial
information about the nature of relationship among these variables.
In consequences, the aim of this study is to examine relationship between personal factors
(academic self-perception, attitude towards teacher and school, motivation and goal
evaluation), family characteristics ( parents' education level and income), studenic achievement
in structural equation madel.

All students, yet for one reason or another, at one time or other time want miss to a day
of school. The general tendency to engage in such unwillingness is referred to absenteeism.
Student absenteeism defined as a period of time when a student does not attend to school, has
become major and continuous problem among high school students in many countries. Indeed,
numerous studies conducted to answer a question that is why high school student miss classes.
In this notion, numerous risk factors that contribute to student absenteeism such as family
health, low income, poor school climate drug and alcohol use, transportation problems, and
community attitudes towards education. (Ingul, Klöckner, Silverman, and Nordahl 2012) found
that school absenteeism associated with internalizing behavior, family work, and health, and
school environment. In another study ( Simons, Hwang, Fitzgerald, Kielb, and Lin 2010)
foundation that there are and association between absenteeism of student and unfavorable
school setting condition. In additional some researches argued that students' attitude and
motivation for learning was a key factor in student absenteeism. (Schwarzt, Radcliffe, and
Barakat 2009) reporter that absenteeism negatively related to future-oriented academic goals.
(Adigüzel and Karadaş 2013) found that student with high level of absenteeism reported
negative attitudes towards school. As a result, school absenteeism has a complex nature that
includes risk factors associated with personal, academic, family, school environment, and
school variables.

Because of absenteeism has a complex nature, the consequences of high level school
absenteeism can be detrimantal for student. In the other words, the absenteeism among high
school students can lead to more negative effect such as low academic performance and many
social problems. In regarding relationship between student absenteeism and academic
achievement, student with absenteeism miss opportunities to learn the material that enables
them to success later in school and, full behind their classmates in academic achievement. In
this notion, previous studies has revealed that student absenteeism is related academic failure
and academic performance.

RELATED SUDIES

Students' absenteeism is negatively related with academic achievement. The previous

academic achievement predicts current absenteeism. There are different views on the
relationship between absenteeism and academic performance in the related literature. Some
authors focused the impact of students' absenteeism on academic performance. (Korir et al
2014).These studies suggested that students attend school regularly have higher academic
achievement than students with high absences. This finding of this study is consistent withthose
studies indicating that absentees have low level of academic achievement. These suggest the
previous school absenteeism negatively affect students' academic achievement. In turn, poor
academic achievement affects negatively current school absenteeism.

School attendanceis recognize as contributing to academic achievement and the

development of social and work related skills (Skedgell & Kearney 2018). This research clearly
confirm that school absenteeism can be linked to lower academic achievement and
engagement that also affects social development (Balkis, Arslan & Duru 2016).

Being always absent in higher education is not and uncommon problem. Previous studies
reported among factors contributed to this phenomenon were teaching method, competency
of the teacher and student-teacher interaction (Lopez Bonillia 2013), weekend schedule classes
and grades assignment completion ( khong, Dunn, Lim, & Yap 2016), and lack of mativation
( Balkis, Arslan, & Duru 2016).

Student absenteeism, academicachievement, parents education level and socio

economic status family (Ingul et al,. 2012). The different views exist on the relationship
between absenteeism and academic achievement.

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Some authors noted that student who attend school regularly have higher academic
achievement than students with high absences. The other group author believed that student
with low level of academic achievement were more likely to have a higher rate of school
absence. It may be expected that there is a reciplocal relationship between academic
achievement and student absenteeism. In other words, while student absenteeism may affect
academic achievement, academic achievement may affect student absenteeism as well. This, it
is hypothesis that previous absenteeism would predict previous academic achievement in turn

previous academic achievement would predict current absenteeism.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology is a process of solving the problem systematically by

Research.The objective of the study is to solve a Problem by using available data.

The Research examined the effects of student absenteeism and it's impact on
Educational outcome in Senior High School.This chapter includes discussion about a
population,sample,procedure used in collecting data, Research instrument, research design
and the statistical tool used in gathering and analyze the data.

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

In determining the problem of student absenteeism and it's impact on

educational outcome in Senior High School.This study was conducted in Hibubullao National
High School,which has a total total population is 166 students in Senior High School.There
are 90 students from Grade-11 and 76 from Grade-12 we only choose 15 research for
Senior high school students.

VARIABLE OF THE STUDY

1. Dependent Variables: These are the outcomes that the research aims to explain or
predict. In this case, the dependent variable would be the 'Educational Outcomes'. This
could be measured in terms of:

- Academic Performance: This could be evaluated through grades, test scores, or overall
GPA.

- Graduation Rate: The percentage of students who successfully complete their senior high
school education.

- College Enrollment Rate: The percentage of students who go on to enroll in a higher

education institution after high school.

2. Independent Variables: These are the factors that the research hypothesizes will
influence the dependent variables. In this context, the independent variables could include:

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- Student Absenteeism: This could be measured in terms of the number of days missed per
academic year, or the frequency of absences.

- Reasons for Absenteeism: This could include health issues, family problems, lack of
interest, or other personal reasons.

- Socioeconomic Status: This could influence both absenteeism rates and educational
outcomes.

- School Engagement: This could be measured through participation in extracurricular

activities, relationships with teachers and peers, and attitudes towards school.

RESEARCH DESIGN

For the study, researcher decided to use the descriptive design.A descriptive
study established only association between variables.The descriptive method helps to
describe the problem of absenteeism and it's impact on educational outcome in Senior High
School Sy 2024-2025.The Researcher use survey checklist to determine the problem of
student absenteeism and it's impact on educational outcome in Senior High School.The
method was considered appropriate to use since the data was strained from the 10
respondent in Hibubullao National high school.

The descriptive method of research study involves at a certain data Gathering

process on prevailing conditions and practice on description on it,it also predicting for
identifying among available choices.

SCORING AND INTERPRETATION

The data will be gathered used will be score and interpreted base on the
opinion and perception given.

POPULATION SAMPLING

The target population for his research defined to include the students of
Hibubullao Senior High school that experience of absenteeism or not.Not every students
had a chance to involve in the sample thus, we only gathered these students who have free
time on time we toured around the school to give them the research Instrument which has
a 30 item survey questionnaire.

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VALIDATION OF RESEARCH

The surgery questionnaire that will be to gathered data.It was pattemed after
the instruments used by previously related studies.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

The questionnaire is often used as observational device for collecting personal

data and opinion it provides a way to collect personal information from subject that may
not be readily obtainable using other method.Questionnaire Provide structure
responses,we use checklist to answer the survey questionnaire.Every respondent is
instructed to respond to each item with one of five possible answer coded 1-5, 5
representing the highest stand for always and 1 for being the lowest,that's stand for
never.The questionnaires to the Respondents and assure them of confidentiality to be able
to obtain honesty in the respondent answer.

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

This Research utilize the students of Senior High School.There were 30 survey
questionnaire that were handed to give their own opinion to our given questionnaire.
 DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The data of this research were gathered and collected based on the descriptive
from approach we,the researcher, created a survey composing of suitable questions.It
composes of a total 10 question related Research.This included the process of conducting
and gathering data needed in the said research study.

The first step in he process is the construction of the questionnaires that tackles the effects
of absenteeism.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT

Descriptive statistical frequencies cs used in this chapter included mean and

frequencies.The selection of tools was done on the basis of objects of the research work d
the nature of respondents.The purpose of this statistical treatment can help the researcher
to collect mathematical data for the beneficial to he upcoming outcome of the study.The
following statistical treatment are used to identify the answer to the specific problem of
the study.

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