Ict summarize notes

Submitted by:
Heiress Christolde D. Magsucang
Submitted to: Ma’am Annie Dulang

Module 1
ICT 9 Notes:
Mensuration in Computer Components

Mensuration: The process of measuring computer components and objects to understand

requirements and capacity for building a computer.

Components and Objects to Measure

1. Memory: Working storage that holds data and instructions.

Types:
● RAM (Random Access Memory)**:
● Temporarily stores running instructions and data.
● Volatile: Data is erased when power is off.
● Capacity measured in MB or GB.
Contains:
● 1. Operating system
● 2. Application software
● 3. Processed information
ROM (Read-Only Memory)
● Non-volatile: Data cannot be changed after manufacturing.
● Stores rarely updated software (firmware).

2. Data Storage Capacity: Amount of space available for data on a computer system.
Units: KB, MB, GB, TB.
Types of Storage Devices:
● 1. Magnetic Storage:
Hard drives, portable hard drives, magnetic tapes, floppy disks.
● 2. Optical Storage:
CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, Blu-ray discs, HD DVDs.
● 3. Solid-State Storage:
Memory sticks, memory cards, smart cards.
3. Processor (CPU): The "brain" of the computer, executes instructions.
Clock Speed: Measured in hertz (Hz); e.g., 2 GHz = 2 billion cycles/second.
4. Video Card: Enhances image quality for display.
GPU (Graphics Processing Unit): Performs calculations for rendering graphics.
Performance: Measured in frames per second (FPS); smooth gaming requires 60 FPS.
 Module 2
Specifications in Computers

Specs" (Specifications): Technical details of a computer’s components and functionalities.

- Includes requirements for speed, power, memory, graphics, and other features.

Key Computer Components and Specifications

1. Memory
RAM (Random Access Memory):
● Measured in MB or GB.
● Essential for running software efficiently.
● Example: Windows XP needs 1 GB RAM, while Windows 7 requires 2 GB RAM.
Key factors:
1. Speed (MHz)
2. Timing (CAS latency)
3. Voltage
Example Specification:
● DDR3 Speed: 1333 Mbps
● Memory Organization:
x8 FBGA DRAM chip
● CAS Latency: 9-9-9
● Bandwidth: 10,660 MB/s

2. Processor (CPU): The "brain" of the computer, performs calculations and executes
instructions.
Key Features:
1. Cores: Options range from dual-core to 8-core processors (e.g., Core i5, i7).
2. Cache: Stores fast memory for quick task execution (measured in MB).
3. Socket Compatibility: Ensures CPU fits with the motherboard.
4. Frequency: Measured in GHz (e.g., 4.7 GHz processors).
5. Front Side Bus (FSB): Connects CPU to system memory (measured in MHz).
Example Specification:
● Processor: Intel® Core™ i5-7400
● Cores: 4
● Max Turbo Frequency: 3.5 GHz
● Cache: 6 MB
●
3. Video Card (Graphics Card): Processes images and videos for display.
Performance Metrics:
1. Frame Rate (FPS): Smooth gaming requires at least 60 FPS.
2. Hardware Specs:
● GPU Clock Speed (MHz)
● Memory Bus Size (bits)
 ● Memory Bandwidth (GB/s)
Example Specification:
● Model: Asus GeForce GTX 750 Ti
● GPU Clock Speed: 1150 MHz
● Video Memory: 2GB GDDR5
● Resolution: 2560x1600

4. Data Storage
Units of Measurement:
● Bit: Smallest unit of data (0 or 1).
● Byte (B): 8 bits.
● Larger Units: KB, MB, GB, TB, PB, EB, ZB, YB.
Example Storage Devices:
● Small Storage: CDs (700 MB capacity).
● Large Storage: Hard drives (e.g., 1 TB).
Example Specification:
● Model: Samsung 2TB Hard Disk Drive
● Capacity: 2TB
● Interface: Serial ATA 3.0 Gbps
● Buffer Size: 32 MB

Module 3
Measurements in Computer Technology

Measuring tools are devices used to calculate quantities like weight, length, temperature, and
time. Common tools in computer technology include rulers and scales, used in fields like
Computer-Aided Design (AutoCAD).

A multimeter is a versatile tool used to measure electrical quantities, including voltage, current,
and resistance.

Basic Measuring Instruments:

1. Voltmeter: Measures the voltage across two points in an electric circuit.
- DC Voltmeter: Measures Direct Current voltage.
- AC Voltmeter: Measures Alternating Current voltage.

2. Ammeter: Measures the current flowing through a circuit.

- DC Ammeter: Measures Direct Current (0-50 A).
- AC Ammeter: Measures Alternating Current (0-100 A).

Classification of Measuring Instruments:

1. Electrical Measuring Instruments: Used for measuring electrical quantities like current,
voltage, and power (e.g., ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter).
2. Mechanical Measuring Instruments: Measure physical quantities under stable conditions.
3. Electronic Measuring Instruments: Offer quick response times compared to mechanical and
electrical instruments.

Module 4
Types of Measuring Instruments and Their Uses

1. T-Square: A tool used for drawing horizontal lines in design, typically measuring up to 48
inches. It comes in three types: fixed, movable, and detachable head.

2. Triangles: Used to draw lines at specific angles, typically 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees.

3. Ruler: A basic tool for measuring length and distance, usually 6 or 12 inches long.

4. Triangular Scale: Used to maintain proportionality in drawing, helping scale up or down

dimensions.

5. Protractor: Measures angles, typically in a semi-circle with one-degree accuracy.

6. Divider: Used to divide distances into equal parts for measurement.

7. Vernier Caliper: Measures the internal and external dimensions of an object with high
precision.

8. Clamp Meter: Used to measure electrical current by clamping around a wire. It integrates
with a digital multimeter.

9. Micrometer: Measures the thickness, length, or diameter of an object with high precision.

10. Multimeter: Measures electrical parameters like voltage, current, resistance, and more.
- Analog Multimeter: Displays measurements using a needle pointer.
- Digital Multimeter: Shows measurements as numeric values.

11. Tape Measure: A flexible metal tape used to measure lengths and distances.

12. LCR Meter: Measures inductance, capacitance, and resistance in electronic components.

Module 5
Importance of Measuring Instruments Maintenance
1. Increase Accuracy: Proper maintenance ensures that measuring tools provide accurate and
precise results. Poor care can reduce their reliability and accuracy.
2. Extend Life: Well-maintained instruments last longer. Without proper care, they may break
down and require costly repairs.
3. Lower Costs: Following maintenance procedures helps reduce long-term costs by preventing
breakdowns and the need for frequent repairs or replacements.

Maintaining Measuring Instruments

Storage: Store instruments in a safe, suitable location like toolboxes or cabinets. Use dividers to
prevent damage from impact.
Lubrication: Proper lubrication helps prevent corrosion.
Handling: Always handle instruments with care to avoid physical damage.
Temperature Control: Avoid exposing tools to extreme temperatures.
Cleaning: Clean instruments after use to prevent dirt or oil buildup that could affect performance.
Safe Handling Procedures
1. Clean the equipment before and after use.
2. Store instruments in a designated area.
3. Follow instructions carefully for each measuring tool.
4. Perform regular testing to ensure tools are working properly.
5. Avoid exposing instruments to shocks or rough conditions.
6. Train users on proper handling and care techniques.
Cleaning and Storing Instruments
Cleaning: Use appropriate cleaning methods for each material. For example, avoid using
alcohol on aluminum.
Storage: Store measuring instruments in a dry, safe environment, away from heat sources or
vibrations.

Module 6
Binary Arithmetic Section

Binary Operations
1. Binary Addition: Adding binary numbers follows the same principles as decimal addition,
with the carry-over system applied when the sum exceeds 1.
2. Binary Subtraction: Similar to decimal subtraction, but borrowing occurs when subtracting a
larger digit from a smaller one.
3. Binary Multiplication: Each bit of one binary number is multiplied by each bit of the other,
and the results are summed using binary addition.
4. Binary Division: A division method using binary subtraction instead of decimal. It follows the
long division process, where the divisor is subtracted from the dividend until the remainder is
zero.

Module 7
Module 9