Scribd
Upload
43 views23 pages

Chapter 3 - Descriptive Statistics (Grouped Data)

Uploaded by

maizon.darus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
43 views23 pages

Chapter 3 - Descriptive Statistics (Grouped Data)

Uploaded by

maizon.darus
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 23

Chapter 3

(Part 2)

Grouped Data
Numerical Descriptive Measures of
Data
• When the amount of raw data is large, it is better
presented in a table of frequency distribution.
Computing measures of central tendency for
grouped data is different from computing raw data.
(a) Mean

Mean = X =
 fx
i

f
Where 𝑓 = 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑥𝑖 = 𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
(b) Median
n 
 2 −  f m −1 
Median = Lm +  c
 fm 
 
Where n = sample size
Lm = lower limit of the median class
∑fm-1 = cumulative frequency before the median class
fm = frequency of median class
c = median class size
class size = lower limit of 2nd class interval – lower limit of
1st class interval
(c) Mode
 f 0 − f1 
Mode = L+ c
 ( f 0 − f1 ) + ( f 0 − f 2 ) 

Where L = lower limit of the class containing mode,


c = size of the class containing mode,
f0 = frequency of the class containing mode,
f1 = frequency of the class before the class
containing mode, and
f2 = frequency of the class after the class
containing mode.
d) Variance and Standard Deviation.

1 σ 𝑓𝑥 2
2
Variance; s = 2
෍ 𝑓𝑥 −
𝑛−1 𝑛

𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛; 𝑠 = 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒


e) Quartiles

First Quartile, n 
 4 − F1 
Q1 = L1 +    c1
 f1 
 
Where
L1 = lower limit of the first quartile class,
n = number of observations,
F1 = cumulative frequency before the first quartile class,
f1 = frequency of the first quartile class, and
c1 = first quartile class size.
Third Quartile,

 3n 
 4 − F3 
Q3 = L3 +    c3
 f3 
 
Where
L3 = lower limit of the third quartile class,
n = number of observations,
F3 = cumulative frequency before the third quartile class,
f3 = frequency of the third quartile class, and
c3 = third quartile class size.
Example
• Table 4.3 shows the years of working experience for one-
hundred-and-twenty employees of Jimmy’s company.

Calculate the following statistics for the data:


a) Mean, median and mode.
b) Variance and standard deviation.
c) First and third quartiles.
Solution: (a) Mean
First, we construct a column for the mid-point (xi) (for
example column 3 in Table 4.4).
Next, we construct a column for fixi (product of frequency
where xi is the mid-point) and obtain the sum of fixi.
Finally, we compute the arithmetic mean.
 fi xi
X=
n
=
1, 488
120
= 12.4

This means, that on an average, the employees in


Jimmy’s company have 12.4 years of working experience
each.
Solution: a) Median
Step 1: Obtain the cumulative frequency
Step 2: Identify the class that contains the
median and obtain the median location.

𝑛 120
= = 60
2 2

Position 60 lies between 37-64. This means that


the class interval 9-12 is the median class.
Step 3: Apply the formula.
n 
 2 −  f m −1 
Median = Lm +  c
 f m 
 
60 − 36
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 9 + × 4 = 12. 428 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
28

( c = lower limit of 2nd class interval – lower limit of 1st


class interval = 5 – 1 = 4 )
This means that 50% of employees have a working
experience of less than 12.428 years and the other 50%
have a working experience of more than 12.428 years.
Solution: a) Mode
The mode class is 9-12 since the frequency is the
highest. Thus, 𝑓0 = 28, 𝑓1 = 20, 𝑓2 = 24, 𝑐 =
12.5 − 8.5 = 4.0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐿 = 9.

 f 0 − f1 
Mode = L +  c
 ( f 0 − f1 ) + ( f 0 − f 2 ) 
 28 − 20 
=9+   4.0 = 11.67
 (28 − 20) + (28 − 24) 
Solution: b) Variance and Standard Deviation
Create the column 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖2 ∶
Years of Number of Mid-point 𝒙𝒊 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖2
Experience Employees
𝒇𝒊
1-4 16 2.5 40 100
5-8 20 6.5 130 845
9-12 28 10.5 294 3087
13-16 24 14.5 348 5046
17-20 16 18.5 296 5476
21-24 11 22.5 247.5 5568.75
25-28 5 26.5 132.5 3511.25
Total 120 ෍ 𝑓𝑖 𝑥𝑖 = 1,488 23,634
Variance;
1 σ 𝑓𝑥 2
2
s = 2
෍ 𝑓𝑥 −
𝑛−1 𝑛
2
1 1488 5182.8
= 23,634 − = = 43.5529
120 − 1 120 119

Standard Deviation;

𝑠 = 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 43.5529 = 6.5995


Solution: c) Quartiles
Step 1: Create the cumulative frequency
Step 2: Identify the location or position of the first and third
quartiles.
Step 3: Determine the values of Q1 and Q3 using their formulae.
Solution: c) Quartiles
Step 1: Obtain the cumulative frequency
Step 2: Identify the location or position of the first and third
quartiles.

𝑛 120
Location of 𝑄1 = = = 30; (so, interval 5-8).
4 4

𝑛 120
Location of 𝑄3 = 3 =3 = 90; (so, interval 17-20).
4 4
Step 3: Determine the values of Q1 and Q3 using their formulae.

n   3n 
− F  4 − F3
4 1 Q3 = L3 + 
Q1 = L1 +    c1   c3
 f   f3 
   
= =
End of Chapter 3

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy