9.

management oF SuPPort ServiceS, inStitutionS and

ProgrammeS For children, youth and elderly
‘PointS to remember’
1. Why is there a need for support services, institutions and
programmes for children, youth, and the elderly?
i. The family is the basic unit of society. One of its main functions

l
is to take care of the needs of its members, such as the need

i
An
for formal education of children, the need for skills training for
youth jobs, and the need for support and health care for the

by
elderly.
ii. Community builds schools, hospitals, universities, recreation

m
centres, training centres, etc., which provide specialized
co
services or support services, by which various members of the
family get an opportunity to fulfill their needs.
u.
iii. Many families in our country are unable to access the basic
bl

services of their members and/ or access the various services

ib

provided by other systems of society, due to various reasons,

R

especially due to lack of financial resources. Due to this many

on

children, young and old people are separated from their families
and live in challenging situations.
d

iv. Many vulnerable children and youth face various difficulties

de

including hunger, malnutrition, limited access to education or

medical facilities, violence, discrimination and exclusion. The
oa

elderly often face illness, disability and economic dependence

pl

on their family members.

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2. Barriers to access to support services in our country

i. India has widespread poverty, and the country has one third of
the world's poor.
ii. Childbirth assistance by less trained midwives, which is the
cause of high maternal and infant mortality rate.
iii. Less than half of the country's households eat iodized salt.
Iodine deficiency adversely affects the mental and physical
growth of the child.

Management of Support Services,... 179 Home Science –XII

 iv. A sense of discrimination against girls and women, which is
reflected in many adverse indicators, including nutritional
and educational outcomes, and a declining proportion of
girls, especially in the youngest age group, as compared to
boys.
v. Nearly two thirds of children under the age of five suffer from
moderate or severe malnutrition. Malnutrition affects the
development of all regions.

i l
An
More
Severe
maternal
malnutrition

by
and infant
mortality Physical

m
and mental
co retardation
due to
u.
iodine
bl

Declining deficiency
Widespread proportion
ib

poverty of girls
R
on

• For such families, or the members who are in challenging and

d
de

difficult circumstances, the state/society has to step in and

make efforts to look after the needs of its members. This is
oa

also possible through the efforts of the private sector and / or

pl

non-governmental organizations.
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• It is the responsibility of the government and society to ensure

that all citizens have a decent life, and children and youth
have opportunities for holistic development in a healthy and
stimulating environment.
3. Vulnerable Groups
The term vunerable refers to those individuals / groups in the society
who are more likely to be affected by adverse conditions and to whom

Management of Support Services,... 180 Home Science–XII

adverse conditions may have a more damaging effect.

i l
An
by
m
co
u.
bl

4. What makes Children, Youth and Elderly vulnerable?

ib

If the requirements of a person are not fulfilled in daily life, then that
R

person becomes vulnerable.

on

5. Why are children vulnerable?

i. Children are vulnerable, because childhood is a period of
d

rapid development in all areas and development of one area

de

affects the development of all other areas.

oa

ii. For the overall development of children, it is important that

their needs of food, shelter, health, care, love, rearing are met
pl

in a holistic manner. Adverse experiences can have a lasting

U

impact on the development of the child.

iii. All children are vulnerable, but some children are more
vulnerable than others. These are children who live in such
challenging conditions and difficult conditions that their basic
needs for food, health, care, and nurturance are not met.
iv. All children living in difficult circumstances require special
care and protection.

Management of Support Services,... 181 Home Science –XII

6. Reasons of non-fulfilment of requirements of large proportion
of child population in our country–
i. A large number of children under the age of five are
malnourished. Malnutrition greatly affects their development.
ii. About 30 lakh children live on the roads without any shelter.
iii. Only one in three pre-school children gets an opportunity to
participate in elementary education.
iv. In India, less than half of the children between the age of 6-14

i l
years go to school.

An
v. Only one-third of the children enrolled in Class I reach Class
VIII, leaving school for some reason or the other.

by
vi. According to official estimates in India, crore children work.
According to the World Bank, their actual number can be up

m
to 44 crores.
7. Which children are vulnerable -
co
u.
bl
ib
R
on
d
de
oa
pl
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8. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act,

2000 and the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children)
Act, 2015
i. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act,
2000 was the primary legal framework of justice for adolescents

Management of Support Services,... 182 Home Science–XII

 in India. This was replaced by the Juvenile Justice (Care and
Protection of Children) Act, 2015.
ii. The Act is concerned with two categories of children–
• Those who violate the law and
• Those who need care and protection.

i l
An
by
m
iii. Children in conflict with law (also called uvenile delinquents)
co
are those who have been caught by the police for violating the
u.
Indian Penal Code. In other words, they are arrested by the
bl

police because they have committed/ are accused of a crime.

ib

iv. It relates to uveniles in conflict with law and children in need

R

of care and protection’, by providing for proper care, protection,

and treatment, by catering to their development needs.
on

v. The Act provides for adopting a child-friendly approach in the

adjudication and disposition of matters in the best interest of
d
de

children and for their ultimate rehabilitation through various

institutions.
oa

vi. This Act is in compliance with the Child Rights Convention

pl

and according to this Act, the identified children in need of

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care and protection are–

• Those who do not have home or a fixed place or shelter or have
no means of sustenance. These include abandoned children,
street children, runaway children, and missing children.
• Those who live with a person (guardian or someone else) who
is unsuitable to control the child or where the child is likely to
be killed, abused, or neglected by the person.
• Children who are mentally or physically challenged, ill or

Management of Support Services,... 183 Home Science –XII

 suffering from any prolonged illness or incurable disease and
have no one to care for or support them.
• Those who are abused, tortured, or punished for sexual
misconduct or immoral acts.
• Those who are vulnerable to drug addiction or their trafficking.
• Those who are victims of armed conflict, civil commotion, or
natural calamity or disaster,
• Those who are likely to be abused for unfair advantage. These

i l
include abandoned, orphans, trafficked minors rescued

An
from red-light area, child labourers rescued from factories,
lost, runaways, children with special needs and children of

by
prisoners.

m
9. Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act - 2015
co
This new Act allows a 16 to 18-year-old juvenile who commits a 'heinous
crime' to be prosecuted in the same way as an adult. Under Juvenile
u.
Justice Act, 2000, it was not possible to prosecute any juvenile below
bl

the age of 18 years.

ib

The Act also includes the qualification of parents for adoption and the
R

method of adoption.
on

10. Institutional Programmes and Initiatives for Children

Several programs and various services are being provided by the
d

government and non-governmental organizations in the country to

de

cater to the needs of sensitive children.

oa
pl
U

Management of Support Services,... 184 Home Science–XII

 i. Integrated Child Development Services - (ICDS)
• Objectives –
h To meet the health, nutrition, stimulation and early learning
/education needs of children below six years of age in an
integrated manner to promote their development.
h Basic healthcare services and nutrition for pregnant and
lactating mothers
• It is the world's largest Early Childhood Program. Currently

i l
crore children are benefiting from this program. These

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services are provided in an integrated manner at a care
centre called Anganwadi. (Figure 9.1)

by
m
co
u.
bl
ib
R
on
d
de
oa

ii. SOS Children’s Villages

pl

• This is an independent non–governmental social

U

organisation which has pioneered a family approach to the

long-term care of orphaned and abandoned children.
• SOS villages have the purpose of providing family-based,
long-term care to children who do not live with their
biological families for any reason.

Management of Support Services,... 185 Home Science –XII

 i l
An
by
m
co
• In each S S home there is a mother who looks after
u.
children. This unit lives like a family and the children
bl

experience relationships and love once again, which helps

ib

children to recover from traumatic experiences.

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• They grow up in a stable family environment and are

on

supported individually until they become independent

young adults.
d
de

In India, the first S S village was set up in Faridabad in

oa

Now, in the year 2019-20, the organization takes care of about

pl

needy/abandoned children in specific villages across the

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country.
Whenever India has experienced unrest or environmental and
natural disasters like the toxic gas accident of 1984 in Bhopal, or
devastating cyclones, catastrophic earthquakes as well as Tsunami,
the SOS Children's Villages provided immediate assistance through
emergency relief programmes.

Management of Support Services,... 186 Home Science–XII

 • The S S families live together, forming a supportive village
environment. They are integrated with the local community
and contribute to the social life.
iii. Children's home-
• Three types of houses have been set up by the government
for 3–18-year-olds, which are in the periphery of the state
due to various reasons.
• It is the responsibility of the government to provide them with

i l
home, boarding, education, and vocational training, so that

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they will be able to become productive/ useful members of
the society. Most of these are run by the home government

by
in partnership with non-governmental organizations.

m
These are as follows:—

Observation co
Special Homes
Juvenile/
u.
Homes Children's Homes
bl

• where children • where juveniles • where children

ib

stay temporarily (children under whose families

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till the completion 18 years of age) are not traceable,

on

of an investigation found guilty in or are unfit/

to track down their terms of violation dead or simply
d

parents and collect of law, are placed unwilling to take

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information on their in custodial care the child back

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family background stay.

pl

iv. Adoption—
U

• Adoption means a legal process that allows someone to

be the parents of a child, even if they do not have blood
relations among themselves.
• The tradition of child adoption in India is quite old. Now the
practice of adopting children from outside the family has
been made institutional and legal.
• While the Government of India and the State Governments
provide the necessary support and guidance through policies

Management of Support Services,... 187 Home Science –XII

 and programs, non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
provide the necessary delivery system for the adoption process.
• The Government of India has set up a Central Institution,
Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) under the
advice of the Supreme Court which makes guidelines for
adoption also monitors and regulates them to protect the
welfare and rights of Indian children.
10. Who are the ‘Youth’?

i l
i. In the National outh Policy , outh was defined as a

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person aged 13-35. These youth were further subdivided into
two broad subgroups: 13–19 years old (called adolescents) and

by
young adults aged 20–35 years.
ii. According to the new National Youth Policy, 2014, 'Youth' is

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defined as persons aged between to years.
co
iii. Youth is the period when a person prepares to play the role of
u.
an adult; The two most important roles during this period are
bl

earning a livelihood and marrying and starting a family life.

iv. Our national progress depends primarily on how youth are
ib

encouraged and nurtured for the growth of the nation and are
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able to contribute to socio-economic development.

on

11. Which Youth are Vulnerable?

d
de
oa
pl
U

Management of Support Services,... 188 Home Science–XII

12. Why are Youth Vulnerable?
i. Youth is a vulnerable period for many reasons. During this
period, a person tries to reconcile the many biological changes
that occur in his/her body, which have an impact on the
person's health and sense of identity.
ii. Constant peer pressure and pressure to improve are other
factors.

l
iii. As a result, some adolescents start consuming alcohol or drugs

i
An
because the family / environment is not being able to provide
positive support to adolescents.

by
iv. Youth face many risks related to sexual and reproductive
health and many people are not properly aware of the right

m
options for sexual and reproductive health.
13. What are the needs of the youth? co
u.
bl
ib
R
on
d
de
oa
pl
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14. Youth Programmes in India

The National Youth Policy was adopted by the Ministry of Youth Affairs

Management of Support Services,... 189 Home Science –XII

and Sports in 2003, the new National Youth Policy was implemented in
the year 2014.

i l
An
by
m
co
u.
15. National Service Scheme (NSS)
bl
ib
R
on
d

i. (i) The National Service Scheme (NSS) is a central sector

de

scheme of the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government

oa

of India.
ii. (ii) It provides an opportunity to young students from class
pl

11 and 12, from schools, undergraduate and postgraduate

U

students from technical institutions, colleges and universities,

to participate in various community service activities and
programmes being run in India by the Government. (Figure
9.2)
Objective— NSS's sole objective is to provide experience to young
students in providing community service. The students of National
Service Scheme also provide assistance to local authorities for
implementation of various relief and rehabilitation programmes for the

Management of Support Services,... 190 Home Science–XII

economically and socially weaker sections of the society.

Activities for students under National Service Scheme (NSS)

i l
An
by
m
co
16. The National Service Volunteer Scheme and Nehru Yuva Kendra
u.
Sangathan
bl

i. Nehru Yuva Kendras were established in 1972 with the objective

ib

of providing opportunities for rural youth to participate in the

R

process of nation building as well as development of their

on

personality and skills.

ii. In the year 1987-88,
d

the Nehru Yuva Kendra

de

Sangathan (NYKS)
oa

was established as
an autonomous body
pl

under the Ministry

U

of Youth Affairs and

Sports. It is the largest
grassroots voluntary
organization of its kind in the world.
iii. There are two types of objectives of Nehru Yuva Kendra
Sangathan:-
• Involving rural youth in nation building activities

Management of Support Services,... 191 Home Science –XII

 • Develop skills and values in them so that they become
responsible and creative citizens of a modern, secular and
technological nation.
iv. It gives the right direction to the youth of 13-35 years of age
based on the principles of voluntarism, self-help, and
community participation.

Various activities for students under Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (N.Y.K.S.)

i l
An
by
m
co
u.
bl
ib
R
on
d
de
oa
pl
U

v. These activities are organized for the out of school youth with
the following objective:
• To make them self-reliant i.e., functionally competent,
economically productive, and socially useful.
• Make them literate and develop mathematical skills.
• To improve their work capacity and to make them aware of
their growth prospects.

Management of Support Services,... 192 Home Science–XII

17. Promotion of Adventure
i. Many youth clubs and voluntary organisations organise various
activities using the financial assistance provided by the
government for the promotion of adventure, which are as
follows-

i l
An
by
m
co
u.
bl
ib
R
on

ii. These activities are aimed at encouraging the youth to develop

courage, risk-taking, collaborative teamwork, ability to read
d

and develop tolerance for challenging situations.

de

18. Promotion of National Integration

oa

i. Financial assistance is provided by the Government to several

pl

voluntary institutions to arrange for the youth living in one

U

region to visit other states with a lot of cultural concerns,

thereby developing a greater understanding of the historical
and cultural heritage of the country, the difficulties faced by
people from different regions and surroundings, social customs
of other parts of the country, etc.
ii. Camps, seminars/conferences etc. are also organized to
promote national integration.

Management of Support Services,... 193 Home Science –XII

19. Scouts and Guides
i. The government provides financial assistance for training of
scouts and guides, organizing rallies and jamborees etc.
ii. Objective-
• To develop the character of boys and girls by fostering loyalty,
patriotism and a sense of being considerate towards others.
• Promote physical and mental development as well.
• Developing a spirit of social service.

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An
by
m
co
u.
bl

20. Commonwealth Youth Programme

ib

i. Objective-
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• To provide a platform for the youth to participate in the

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development processes of their countries and to enhance

cooperation and understanding in the Commonwealth
d

countries.
de

Three regional centres were established for advanced studies in youth

oa

work. The Asia Pacific Regional Centre was established in Chandigarh,

pl

India.
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21. Characteristics of population of Elderly in India

i. In many countries, senior citizens are persons 65 years of age or
more. In India, persons aged 60 years, or more are considered
as senior citizens.
ii. Population of elderly in India is continuously increasing-
• Life expectancy which was 29 years in 1947 increased to
67.9 years in 2011.

Management of Support Services,... 194 Home Science–XII

 • India is second only to China in the population of senior
citizens.
• Majority of these about 80 percent live in rural areas.
• Increase in the number of women in the elderly population.
• Increase in the number of old persons (above 80 years
of age)
• About 30 percent of senior citizens are living below the
poverty line.

i l
22. Why are elders a vulnerable group?

An
i. Poor health-Many diseases and disabilities with aging such as-
• Blindness due to vision impairment and cataract.

by
m
co
u.
bl
ib
R
on
d
de
oa
pl
U

• Deafness due to nervous disorder,

• Trouble in walking due to arthritis and a general inability
to take care of oneself.
ii. The pain of loneliness- a period in the family life cycle when
children are married or turned away from the family to earn

Management of Support Services,... 195 Home Science –XII

 their livelihood, feel like a feeling of separation or a burden on
others or experience loneliness.
iii. The stress of being financially dependent on your children.
23. The reason for the lack of proper care for the elderly
i. There is fragmentation of the traditional family network–
Certain features of city life (small family size, nuclear families,
lack of free time to care for the aged, limited living space, high
cost of living, long working hours), lead to reduced support

i l
within the immediate and extended family.

An
ii. Changes in traditional values.
iii. Sometimes concepts like privacy, space, independence,

by
materialism, focus on self are also responsible for the inability

m
to adequately care for the elderly. Thus, many older persons
co
live alone at a time when family support is more essential for
them.
u.
24. Some programs for the elderly
bl

i. The government adopted the National Policy for Older Persons

ib

in 1999.
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ii. The elderly should be treated as human resources and their

on

extensive experience and remaining capabilities should

be optimally utilized for the development of the nation. The
d

government should also ensure their ability to live healthy and

de

meaningful lives.
oa

iii. National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS) This scheme was
renamed as Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme
pl

(IGNOPS) in the year 2007.

U

• It is for the elderly who are either destitute or belong to a

family below the poverty line.
• Earlier, the age of senior citizens to participate in old age
pension scheme was 65 years, which has been reduced to
60 years in the year 2011.
• Now the beneficiaries must be years or more and have
their age certificate and proof of being destitute. (Figure . )

Management of Support Services,... 196 Home Science–XII

 iv. Some programs being run for the elderly in the country-

Mobile medical care units for the elderly living in

rural and remote and backward areas.

Developing and strengthening inter-generational

relationships, especially between children/ youth
and the elderly.

Food, shelter and health care for abandoned elderly

i l
An
Multi service centers for the elderly who provide
them with day care education, entertainment,

by
companionship and health care.

m
Program to awaken sensitivity in children of school
and colleges.
co
Training and awareness programs for caregivers of
u.
the elderly.
bl

Respite Care Homes for elderly people who are

ib

seriously ill
R

ld Age Homes to provide food, care and shelter

on
d

Research advocacy and awareness.

de
oa

Mental health care and speciali ed care for the

pl

elderly such as disability and hearing aids / devices

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Indira Gandhi National ld Age Pension Scheme (IGN APS)

Physiotherapy Clinic Physiotherapy Center

Assistance and Counseling Center for the Elderly

Day care center (daily care center) for patients with

Alzheimer's disease/dementia)

Management of Support Services,... 197 Home Science –XII

25. Preparing for career
i. Career/employment in the management of institutions and
programmes for children, youth and the elderly requires the
capabilities and skills of a planner, manager and supervisor,
to work as an in-charge or manager in an already running
program/institution.
ii. As a career/employment option, entrepreneurs can also take
initiative to set up an organisation/programme for youth,

l
children, or elderly people. For which, the needs of the target

i
An
group and methods of care should be fully known.
iii. Comprehensive knowledge of career and development of many

by
skills and abilities.

m
co
u.
bl
ib
R
on
d
de

26. People Skills-Running or working in an organisation means

oa

that one has to interact with people from different backgrounds

pl

working in different positions.

U

Management of Support Services,... 198 Home Science–XII

 i. Community/ Society- A program or institution for children will
be successful only if there is a feeling of adopting or joining it in
the society. Planning, management, and implementation with
participation are the pillars of an effective programme.
ii. Private Sector Private sector financial institutions, companies,
and organizations to support life/ innovation programmes.
iii. Interactions or negotiations with government departments may
be required for various tasks or functions.

i l
iv. Individuals working in the organisation - The relationship

An
between the beneficiary and the working person is cordial and
is important for the success of an organisation.

by
27. Administrative skills –

m
A fundamental understanding of each issue must be there in
co
running or managing an organisation or programme.
u.
bl
ib
R
on
d
de
oa
pl
U

Management of Support Services,... 199 Home Science –XII

28. Study programmes/ courses to enter the employment market
of the region

il
An
by
m
co
u.
29. Scope/ Career Avenues
bl
ib
R
on
d
de
oa
pl
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Management of Support Services,... 200 Home Science–XII

 i l
An
Figure 9.1 Integrated Child Development Services - (ICDS)

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m
co
u.
bl
ib
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Figure 9.2 National Service Scheme (NSS)

on
d
de
oa
pl
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Photo Cudit- Rahul Dev

Figure 9.3 Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme

(IGNOAPS)

Management of Support Services,... 201 Home Science –XII

 Full names of abbreviations
1 JJ Act Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children)
Act
2 CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child
3 ICDS Integrated Child Development Services
4 NGO. Non-Government Organisation
5 IPC Indian Penal Code
6 CARA Central Adoption Resource Authority

i l
An
7 NYP National Youth Policy
8 NSS National Service Scheme

by
9 NYK Nehru Yuvak Kendra
10 CYP Commonwealth Youth Programme

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11 NOAPS National Old Age Pension Scheme
IGNOAPS co
Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme
12 IGNOU Indira Gandhi National Open University
u.
13 MYAS Ministry of Youth Affairs And Sports
bl
ib

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

R

(A) Multiple choice questions

on

1. What do children who indulge in illegal activities and who

are arrested by the police for violating the Indian Penal Code
d
de

known as?
a. Smuggled minors b. Juvenile delinquent
oa

c. Abandoned children d. Young rebels

pl

Answer- b) Juvenile delinquent

U

2. Why was the Central Adoption Resource Institute (CARA) formed?

a. To provide immediate assistance through emergency relief
programmes
b. To provide positive support to the adolescents
c. To develop skills and impart vocational training among children
d. To facilitate and strengthen adoption rules
Answer- d) To facilitate and strengthen the adoption rules

Management of Support Services,... 202 Home Science–XII

3. Under which programme do youth clubs or volunteer organisations
organise activities such as study of flora, fauna of the mountains,
forests, deserts, and seas?
a. Promotion of adventure
b. Promotion of national integration
c. National Discipline Scheme
d. Commonwealth Youth Programme
Answer- a) Promotion of adventure

i l
. What should be the minimum age of the beneficiaries in Indira

An
Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS)?
a. 60 years or more b. 62 years or more

by
c. 65 years or more d. 68 years

m
Answer- a) 60 years or more
(B) Match the following co
A. New Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act
u.
i) 1999
bl

B. First S.O.S. Village in India ii) 2014

ib

C. New National Youth Policy iii) 1964

R

D. National Policy for Older Persons iv) 2015

on

Pick the correct option-

a. A - iii), B - iv), C - i), D - ii) b. A - iv), B - i), C - iii), D - ii)
d
de

c. A - ii), B - iv), C - i), D - iii) d. A - iv), B - iii), C - ii), D - i)

Answer - d) A - iv), B - iii), C - ii), D - i)
oa

(C) Fill in the blanks

pl

1. Each S.O.S. house has a 'mother' who takes care of_____________.

U

Answer- 10-15 Children

2. _____________ have been established by the Government where
juveniles (children under the age of 18 years) who violate the law
are kept under custodial care Answer- Special Home
3. The students of _____________ help in the implementation of various
relief and rehabilitation programmes for the economically and
socially weaker sections of the society. Answer- National Service
Scheme

Management of Support Services,... 203 Home Science –XII

4. India ranks second in the population of senior citizens after
__________. Answer: China
5. After taking ------------------- in home science or social work, you
can take a job in an institute or programmes for the elderly/ youth.
Answer - Undergraduate Degree
(D) Picture Based Questions -
1. Identify the picture and state which organization does
this logo belong to, and which vulnerable group is it

i l
committed to support?

An
Answer: SOS Children’s Village; Orphans /Needy/ Abandoned
children

by
2. Identify the picture and state, what is this event called?

m
co
u.
bl
ib
R
on
d

Answer- Jamboree/ Scout and Guide Assembly, Training Rally

de

(E) Very short answer question-

1. State any two programs organized by the government for youth to
oa

promote national integration.

pl

Answer: Camps, excursion programs, seminars / conferences (any

U

other, any two)

2. Name any two 'vunerable' groups.
Answer: Children, youth, elderly (any two)
3. According to the new National Youth Policy-2014, which age group
has been considered as youth?
Answer- 15-29 years
4. Write one of the objectives of the Commonwealth Youth Programme.
Answer- Its purpose-

Management of Support Services,... 204 Home Science–XII

 i) Involve youth in the developmental processes of their
countries.
ii) To provide a platform for enhancing cooperation and
understanding in Commonwealth countries. (Any other,
any one)
(F) Case Study Based Multiple Choice Questions (4 X 1 Mark)
National Service Scheme Day is observed every year on 24 September. It
was first celebrated on September , , when the National Service

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Scheme was established. The motto of this scheme is Not me but you

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, through which the volunteer supports the need for selfless service in
a democratic manner. Youths have a huge contribution in building a

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nation. Today 65 percent of the population in the country is young. For
this, at the time of independence, Gandhiji had laid special emphasis

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on connecting youth with national service. After independence,
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the University Grants Commission, under the chairmanship of Dr.
u.
Radhakrishnan, recommended for the first time to start national
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service in educational institutions on a voluntary basis.

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1. New National Youth Policy adopted by the Ministry of _____________

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in the year 2014.

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a. Women and Child Development b. Rural Developement

c. Social Justic and Empowerment
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d. Youth Programmes and Sports

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Answer – d) Youth Programmes and Sports

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2. What are the important roles of youth?

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a. Earning a livelihood b. Marrying

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c. Maintaining physical fitness d. both a) and b)

Answer – d) both a) and b)
. To give impetus to the government provides financial
assistance to send the youth living in one state on a tour to other
states.
a. Promotion of national integration b. Promotion of adventure
c. Promotion of youth clubs
d. Promotion of Indian Railways and other traffic

Management of Support Services,... 205 Home Science –XII

Answer - a) Promotion of national integration
4. Which of the following statements is false?
a. When the family is unable to provide positive support to the
teenagers, then some teenagers begin to consume alcohol or
drugs.
b. Loyalty and spirit of patriotism is not encouraged among boys
and girls through training of scouts and guides

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c. Students of National Service Scheme are involved in national

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development works like removing weeds from ponds, digging
pits, construction, and repair of roads etc.

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d. In order to be socially fruitful and economically productive, youth

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need proper education, training and personal development.
Answer- b) The training of scouts and guides does not promote the
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spirit of loyalty and patriotism among boys and girls.
u.
(G) Short Answer Questions (2 Marks)
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1. What does vulnerable mean Briefly explain.

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Answer - The term vulnerable refers to those individuals/ groups in the

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society who are more likely to be affected by adverse conditions and/ or

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who may have a more damaging effect on adverse conditions. Children,

youth, elderly are vulnerable groups. If a person's needs are not met in
d

daily life, then that person becomes vulnerable.

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2. Seema works as a planner in an organization for the elderly. She has

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to meet people from different backgrounds, both inside and outside

the organization, in relation to work. Explain what skills she would
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use and which two groups she might have to talk to.
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Answer: Peoples’ skill

a. Community/ Society - Any program or institution will succeed
only if the society is also involved in it. To plan and manage and
implement them through partnership, to promote participation
in the organization by interacting with the people working in
various prestigious positions of society.
b. Private Sector To talk to the private sector financial institutions,

Management of Support Services,... 206 Home Science–XII

 companies etc. for the help of the organization, inform them
about the new plan or innovative programs.
c. Government officials various tasks such as meeting financial
assistance and other legal requirements may require dialogue
with government departments.
d. People working in the organization- For the organization to
function smoothly, there should be cordial relations between all
the people (both beneficiaries and working people). (Any other,

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any two)
3. What are some concerns in terms of elderly?

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Answer- Some concerns in the context of old persons-
a. Health is a major concern. Older persons are more susceptible

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to diseases due to less physiological strength and defense
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mechanisms. Disabilities such as vision loss and blindness due
u.
to cataract, deafness due to nerve disorder, difficulty in walking
due to arthritis and a general inability to take care of themselves
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can occur.
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b. Pains of Loneliness - They suffer the pangs of loneliness as their

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children get married or go out of the family to earn a livelihood.

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c. They become financially dependent on their children, due to

which they feel stressed.
d
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d. In city life, they also experience the feeling of becoming a burden

on others due to small family, nuclear family, lack of time to care
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for the elderly, limited space to live or high cost of living.

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e. Sometimes concerns like privacy, long working hours of family

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members, independence, materialism, focus on self are also

responsible for the inability to adequately care for the elderly.
(Any other, any two)
4. Which groups of youth are considered more vulnerable?
answer -
a. Rural and tribal youth. b. Youth who have left school.
c. Adolescents, particularly adolescent girls.
d. Youth with disabilities.

Management of Support Services,... 207 Home Science –XII

 b. outh in special difficult situations such as victims of trafficking,
illegal occupations, orphans, and street children.
(Any other, any two)
(H) Short Answer Questions (3 Marks)
1. Why are children, youth and the elderly vulnerable?
Answer - Children, youth and elderly are vulnerable due to the following
reasons:
Children Youth Elderly

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1 Living in Unable to keep pace Low physiological

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challenging with many biological strength, mental
situations and changes occurring in problems.

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difficult situations. the body.
2 Basic Peer pressure, In addition to

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requirements Alcoholism or drug illnesses, many
of food, health, co
abuse to relieve disabilities with
u.
care, shelter, and stress. aging such as- vision
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rearing are not impairment, inability

met. to take care of
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themselves.
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3 Other needs of Not receiving positive Pain of loneliness,

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the child such as support from the separation, being

love, nurturance family/ surroundings ignored by children or
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and stimulation giving less time.

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is not met in a
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holistic manner.
4 Due to adverse Facing multiple risks The feeling of
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experiences of any related to sexual and becoming a burden

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kind, their full reproductive health. on others, The stress

capabilities do not of being financially
develop and leave dependent on the
a lasting impact children.
on the child’s
development.
(Any other, any two for each group)

Management of Support Services,... 208 Home Science–XII

2. David has come to India from New York for training at a voluntary
institution. Tell him about two ongoing programmes for each of the
children, Youth and Elderly.
Answer:
Programme for Programme for Programme for
Children/Children Youth / Youth Older Persons / Aids
Institutions Institutions Institutions
1 Integrated Child National Service Multi-service centers

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Development Services Scheme (NSS) which care them

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—ICDS provides health, School level out of day-to-day
students are to
nutrition and sanitation education and
be involved in

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education for mothers, social service entertainment
non-formal pre-school and national Opportunities

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education for development provide health care
children between the
such as
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programmes and companionship
age of three to six with fellow partners.
u.
years, supplements for construction
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and repair
pregnant and lactating
of roads,
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mothers, Provides food, plantation,

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growth monitoring, sewing, weaving

immunisation and and vocational
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vitamin A supplements. training.

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2 S.O.S. Children's Village Rashtriya Seva Mobile Medical

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— an independent non- Swayamsevak Care Units for

governmental social Yojana- Nehru elderly living in
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organisation providing Yuva Kendras rural, remote and

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family-based long-term are involved in backward areas.

youth national
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care to orphaned or
development
abandoned children
programmes,
who don't live with
youth
their biological families.
leadership
They live in a stable training
family environment programmes,
until they become vocational
independent young training, rural
adults. sports etc.

Management of Support Services,... 209 Home Science –XII

 Programme for Programme for Programme for
Children/Children Youth / Youth Older Persons / Aids
Institutions Institutions Institutions
3 For children aged 3-18 Promotion of Assistive devices/
years, who are in the adventure— devices for the
periphery of the state many youth hearing impaired
for various reasons, clubs and and hearing
three types of children's NGOs organize impaired for the

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homes are being run activities with elderly,

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by the government financial assis- Physiotherapy Clinic
in partnership with tance from the Physiotherapy

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non-governmental government for Center for the

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organizations (NGOs). mountaineering, elderly.
(i) Observation Homes-
Where children
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hiking, sailing,
raft exhibitions,
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temporarily live swimming and
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until their parents cycling, etc.

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are traced. which devel-

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(ii) Special Homes where ops courage,

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juveniles (children risk-taking,

below the age of 18 collaboratively
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years) who violate working in the

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the law are kept team and toler-

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under custodial ance among the

care. youth.
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(iii) Adolescents/
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children homes
where children are
kept whose family
is not traced, are
provided education
and vocational
training by the
Government.

Management of Support Services,... 210 Home Science–XII

 Programme for Programme for Programme for
Children/Children Youth / Youth Older Persons / Aids
Institutions Institutions Institutions
4 To strengthen and Through Day-care center
facilitate adoption training of (daily care center)
rules, the Central scouts and for patients with
Adoption Resource guides, rallies, Alzheimer's disease/
Authority (CARA) and jamborees dementia.

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has been constituted etc.

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on the advice of the Boys and girls
Supreme Court to frame have integrity,

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guidelines for adoption foster loyalty,
to protect the welfare a sense of

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of children and their patriotism
rights. co
and character
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development.
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5 In a way The Indira Gandhi

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to promote National Old Age

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national Pension Scheme is for

integration, the older persons aged
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government 60 years or above who

sends the youth are either destitute or
d
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living in one belong to a family below

state to visit the poverty line.
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other regions
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to develop an
understanding
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of the
difficulties,
social customs
of various
regions and
people there.
Any other, any two programs for each group

Management of Support Services,... 211 Home Science –XII

3. Naveen is planning to open his own private institute for children/
youth/elderly people. Guide him by mentioning six important points
related to it.
Answer -
i. Acquiring information and developing understanding about
children, youth and the elderly.
ii. A clear and complete concept - what its goal is and how the
organization will contribute to meeting the needs of the target

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group.

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iii. What will be the benefit to the targeted beneficiaries.
iv. Combining the service / services provided.

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v. Financial assistance for running the organisation.

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vi. Recruitment of staff with various skills and knowledge to
oversee various aspects of the programme
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vii. Knowledge of activities based on organization registration
u.
formalities, recurring evaluation, and feedback.
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viii. Programme execution skills

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(Any other, any six)

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(I) Long Answer Questions (4 Marks)

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1. What is Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan? Explain about any two

programmes under the National Service Volunteer Scheme.
d

Answer:
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The Nehru Yuva Kendra’s were established in 1972 with the

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objective of providing opportunities for rural youth to participate

in the process of nation building and at the same time for their
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personality and skill development.

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The Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKS) was established in the

year 1987-88 as an autonomous body under the Ministry of Youth
Affairs and Sports to oversee the work of these centers. NYKS is
the largest grassroots voluntary organization of its kind in the
world. It gives the right direction to the youth of 13-35 years of age
based on the principles of voluntaryism, self-help, and community
participation.

Management of Support Services,... 212 Home Science–XII

Programme Under National Service Volunteer Scheme:
i. Through various activities, self-reliance, secularism, socialism,
democracy, national unity, and scientific temper has to be
practiced among the youth.
ii. Some activities like formal education, social service camps,
organizing youth sports, cultural and entertainment programs,
vocational training, youth leadership training camps and youth
clubs are encouraged and established.

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iii. These activities are organized to make the out of school youths

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self-reliant, to make them literate and to develop mathematical
skills.

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iv. They are aimed at improving their efficiency and making them
aware of their growth prospects, in which youth can become

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functionally competent, economically productive, and socially
useful.
co
u.
(Any other, any two programs)
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2. The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015

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deals with which two categories of children? What are the children
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in need of care and protection as per this Act?

Answer-
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The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children)

Act, 2015 is concerned with two categories of children-
d
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a. Those who violate the law and

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b. Those who need care and protection. Refer to Points to

Remember Number-8
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(J) Long Answer Questions (5 Marks)

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1. Prashant completed a bachelor's degree in social work followed by

a diploma in youth-development work from Indira Gandhi National
Open University. He has been appointed to the post of Assistant
Manager in the Scout and Guide organization. He interacts with
several specific individuals regarding the partnership, planning,
management, and implementation of various programs. Apart
from these, he deals with several officials in various government
departments in relation to negotiating in financial institutions,

Management of Support Services,... 213 Home Science –XII

 exchanging support from other companies in support of the
organization, obtaining loans or other legal requirements, etc.
Prashant also has responsibility for paying office rent, buying
equipment like computers, and keeping records of accounts / goods.
In the above works, identify Prashant s educational qualifications,
people skills and administrative skills and list them separately.
Answer:
Educational People skills Administrative

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ualifications Skills

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Bachelor’s degree in Interaction with Paying office rent
social work people

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Diploma in Youth To plan, manage Buying equipment,
Development Work and implement computer etc.

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from Indira Gandhi partnerships
National Open co
University
u.
Exchanges on Responsibilities for
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organization support keeping records

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from other companies, Account /goods

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negotiating in
financial institutions
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Interaction with
officials of government
d

departments to meet
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loan and other legal

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requirements
2. Kusum has to go to a remote area to deliver a lecture on 'Aged in
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India', a project on social work. Help Kusum by making a list of ten

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ongoing programs for the elderly in the country.

Answer: Programs for Older Persons:
i. Old Age Homes to provide food, care and shelter.
ii. Respite Care Homes and Continuous Care Homes for Older
Persons who live in old age homes but are seriously ill requiring
continuous nursing care and respite.
iii. Providing mobile medical care units for the elderly living in
rural, remote, and backward areas.

Management of Support Services,... 214 Home Science–XII

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iv. Research, Advocacy and Awareness building programmes in

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the field of Ageing.
v. Programmes to build and strengthen intergenerational

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relationships particularly between children/youth and elderly.
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vi. Programmes for providing Institutional as well as Non
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iinstitutional Care/Services to the elderly.
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vii. Multi-Service Centers for Older Persons to provide daycare,

educational and entertainment opportunities, healthcare,
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companionship.
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viii. Indira Gandhi National Old Age Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) for
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the elderly aged 60 years or above.

ix. Disability and hearing aids for the elderly.
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x. Physiotherapy clinics, physical therapy centers for the elderly

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xi. Help lines and Counseling Centers for older persons.

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(Any other, any ten programs)

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Practice QueStionS
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OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (1 MARK)

(A) Multiple choice questions
1. Life expectancy, which was about 29 years in 1947, increased to
how many years in 2011?
a. 67.9 b. 64
c. 66 d. 63.9
2. Which of the following is not a vulnerable group?
a. children b. women
c. young soldier d. Older
3. Which of the following programs is not for youth?