BORANA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

INTERNSHIP REPORT ON OBN IN 2016/2024

Duration of Internship: -July 1 – August 30 /2024

PREPARED BY ID NO
1. ESAYAS ABI -----------------------------------------BRU/R/478/2014
2. YARED GETACHOW-------------------------------BRU/R/741/2014
3. USMAN BEDASO------------------------------------BRU/R/733/2014
4. REMADAN ABDULKAREM----------------------BRU/R/673/2014
5. BAHARUDIN SHEREF-----------------------------BRU/R/423/2014
6. MUBAREK MOHAMED---------------------------BRU/R/654/2014
7. DADI DOYO------------------------------------------BRU/R/443/2014
8. BEZA LEMA------------------------------------------BRU/R/429/2014

Organization Supervisor: Mr.Gemmachis Kumera.

Submitted to: Computer Science Department
Advisor’s Name: Hadho D(MSc).
Submission Date: 24/02/2017 E.C

YABELO, ETHIOPIA
 INTERNSHIP REPORT ON OBN 11/03/2024

DECLARATION OF THE INTERNSHIP

We are 3rd year computer science students in BRU and we had our internship program at OBN
(hosting company) for a period of Jul 1,2016/2024 to Aug 30,2016/2024 under the guidance of
company advisor.Mr Gemachis Kumera this report details the works we performed our industrial
practice period. We would like to declare our working tasks within the company and all the tasks
that we had done during the internship. The report features media automation system, IT center,
maintenance, TV and Radio broadcasting.

We declare that this report is our original work and all sources and material used for the purpose
have been properly acknowledged. And we would like to assure with our signature.

Submitted by: -

NAME Signature

1. YARED GETACHOW--------------------------------------------------------

2. USMAN BEDASO--------------------------------------------------------------

3. REMADAN ABDULKAREM------------------------------------------------

4. BAHARUDIN SHEREF-------------------------------------------------------

5. ESAYAS ABI --------------------------------------------------------------------

6. MUBAREK MOHAMED------------------------------------------------------

7. DADI DOYO----------------------------------------------------------------------

8. BEZA LEMA----------------------------------------------------------------------

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APPROVAL LETTER

This is to certify that the internship report entitled of Oromia Broadcasting Network, prepared by
Esayas Abi, Usman Bedaso, Yared Getachew, Baharuddin Sherif, Ramaden Abdukerim,Dadi
Doyo, Mubarek Mohammed and Beza Lemma is accepted in terms of quality forms and the report
has been prepared under my guidance. I also confirm that the report is prepared based on the daily
and monthly reports that they submitted.

Advisor Name:- Hadho D. sign---------------date-------------------

I approved that this report is compiled in accordance to the fulfillment of the internship program.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This paper describes about the practice we have done for two months in Oromia Broadcasting
Network in Adama city. Oromia Broadcasting Network (OBN) was previously founded as Oromia
mass media organization according to the declaration number 113/1998 and later on renamed as
Oromia Broadcasting Network by declaration number 164/2003.The organization is growing in all
its aspects and is now becoming one among the influential media with the prospect of becoming the
leading media soon in the country. The organization that is established in order to distribute services
of both radio and television programs on air for insider country and international audiences through
their own frequency and website Satellite systems which is broadcast 24 hour per day. So we had
also pass a late 2 months within this organizations an internship train and we have seen that they are
a real coach. We have also faced to some challenges and we have taken our own measurements to
overcome them. During the internship program we have been benefited with improving practical
skills, theoretical knowledge, interpersonal communication skills entrepreneurship skills, team
playing skills.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and for most, we would like to say thanks to God/Allah, since without his support,
achievements cannot be accomplished. We are extremely grateful to Oromia Broadcasting Network
(OBN) for hosting us to apply this internship there. Our appreciation further more extended to the
AVID Tapeless workflow System Administrator Mr. Gemechis and IT System Administrator
Mr.Kemiso and also Mr. Ketema those we would like to thanks all AVID Tapeless workflows
System clients, IT Department, Studio Employees and other employees those help us in any kind of
our tasks for their special supports during our internship program.

Finally and the most greatly thanks for our excellence advisor Mr.Hadho D(MSc). for his grateful
advice constructive comment and continue helping and encouraging us at all time and step to
successful our internship final report.

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ABBREVIATION
AC……………………………………Alternating Current
BIOS…………………………………Basic Input and Output System
CD-ROM……………………………. Compact Disc, Read-Only-Memory
CPU…………………………………. Central Process Unit
DHCP………………………………...Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DNS…………………………………. Domain Name System
DVD……………………………….…Digital Versatile Disc
ETV…………………………….……. Ethiopian TV
FM…………….………………………Frequency Modulation
HD……………………………………High Definition
ICT……………………………………Information Communication Technology
IP……………………………….……. Internet Protocol
ISIS……………………………….…. Integrated Set of Information System
LAN…………………………………...Local Area Network
LCD…………………………………...Liquid Crystal Display
LED……………………...……………Light Emitting Diode
MMF…………………………………. Multi Modifier
OBN……………………………….…. Oromia Broadcasting Network
PC………………………………….…Personal Computer
RAM…………………………….…...Random Access Memory
RJ45………………………….………. Registered Jack
SD……………………………………. Standard Definition
SMF……………………………………Single-mode fiber
STP…………………………….………. Shielded Twisted-Pair
TV………………………………………. Television
TRS………………………………………Tip, Ring and Sleeve
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UTP………………………………………UN-shielded Twisted-Pair
USB…………………………… ………...Universal Serial Bus
UPS………………………… ……………Uninterrupted Power Supplies
VGA……………………………………. Video Graphics Array

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 10: Twisted Pair Cable ......................................................................................................... 19
Figure 12: Crimper ........................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 13: RJ 45 Jack ....................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 14: Puncher ........................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 15: Switch ............................................................................................................................. 21
Figure 16: Screw Driver................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 17: Cutter .............................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 18: Puller .............................................................................................................................. 22
Figure 19: Hub ................................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 20: Inside Desktop Computer Case ...................................................................................... 26
Figure 21: Ports of Desktop Computer ............................................................................................ 28

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Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................................................. iv

ABBREVIATION.............................................................................................................................. v

LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................... vii

CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................................. 1

BACKGROUND OF INTERNSHIP HOSTING COMPANY ................................................ 1

1.INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Historical Background and overviews ............................................................................ 1

1.1.1. Background of Oromia Broadcasting Network (OBN) .............................................. 1

1.2. MISSION OF OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK .............................................. 2

1.3. VISION OF OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK ................................................. 3

1.3.1. ORGANIZATION CORE VALUES ........................................................................... 3

1.4. PRODUCT OR SERVICE OF THE OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK ......... 3

1.5.THE FUTURE PLAN OF OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK ........................... 4

1.6. THE MAIN CUSTOMER OR END USERS OF THE PRODUCTS .............................. 4

1.6.1. Television transmitting .................................................................................................... 5

1.7. OBJECTIVE OF INTERNSHIP ......................................................................................... 5

1.8. SCOPE OF WORK EXPECTED AND OUTPUT EXPECTED ...................................... 5

1.9. THE OVERALL WORK FLOW OF OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK ....... 6

CHAPTER TWO ............................................................................................................................. 7

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE ............................................................................... 7

2.1. How we get into the Company ............................................................................................. 7

2.1.2. ORIENTATION WITH THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF JOB ................................. 8

2.1.3. THE MAIN SUPPORT WE HAVE OBTAINED FROM THE SUPERVISOR ..... 8

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2.1.4. THE QUALITIES IN THE DAILY DUTIES IN THE INTERNSHIP WE HAVE

DEVELOPED ........................................................................................................................... 8

2.1.5. THE PROCEDURES WE FOLLOWED WHILE PERFORMING OUR TASK ... 9

2.1.6. HOW GOOD WE ARE PERFORMING OUR WORK TASKS ............................. 9

2.2. THE CHALLENGES WE HAVE BEEN FACED DURING PERFORMING OUR

TASKS .......................................................................................................................................... 9

2.2.1. SOME MEASUREMENTS THAT WE WERE TAKEN TO OVERCOME THE

CHALLENGES ...................................................................................................................... 10

2.3. Section of The Organization we were working on it ........................................................ 10

2.3.1. MEDIA AUTOMATION SYSTEM.............................................................................. 10

2.3.1.1. WORK FLOW OF OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK MEDIA

AUTOMATION SYSTEM .................................................................................................... 11

2.3.2.1. Network Installation, Configuration and Troubleshooting .................................. 19

2.3.3. Maintenance Service .................................................................................................... 24

2.4. FTP services ......................................................................................................................... 28

2.5. Work Tasks we have been executed during our internship program ............................ 28

2.6. Troubleshooting networking service between store office and IT Server. .................... 28

CHAPTER THREE ....................................................................................................................... 30

3. OVERALL BENEFITS GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP ........................................... 30

3.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNSHIP BENEFIT .................................................. 30

3.1.1. IMPROVEMENT OF PRACTICAL SKILLS ......................................................... 30

3.1.2. IMPROVEMENT OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION ........................ 31

3.1.3 IMPROVEMENT TEAM PLAYING SKILLS ......................................................... 31

3.2. UNDERSTANDING ABOUT WORK ETHICS RELATED ISSUE ............................. 31

3.3. WHAT WE HAVE GAINED IN TERMS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP SKILLS ...... 32

CHAPTER FOUR ............................................................................................................................ 33

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4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ........................................................................... 33

4.1. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................... 33

4.2. RECOMMENDATION ...................................................................................................... 33

REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 35

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CHAPTER ONE

BACKGROUND OF INTERNSHIP HOSTING COMPANY

1.INTRODUCTION
1.1. Historical Background and overviews
1.1.1. Background of Oromia Broadcasting Network (OBN)

Figure 1: OBN Logo

(OBN) is an Ethiopian public service broadcaster headquartered in Adama, Ethiopia. It is the

leading media organization in the Oromia region and broadcasts on Eutelsat via the Ethiosat
platform. The channel is run by the Oromia Radio and Television Organization (ORTO), founded
on 12 July 2006 by Proclamation number 113/2006 of the Regional Government, as Oromia mass
media organization (OMMO). The organization was renamed by the regional government to
Oromia Radio and TV Organization by the Proclamation No. 164/2011 in 2011. OBN was
established according to Oromia Mass Media Organization establishment Proclamation No. 133
of 2006, to widely disseminate the timely gathered international and local information to the public
and government bodies. It has been broadcasting independent news, educational and entertainment
programs, in 18 Ethiopian Languages and 3 international languages on Radio and TV Medias. The
organization has been broadcasting for 119 hours per week on Radio and 24 hours a day on TV
and covering 100% of the region by FM and AM Radio waves and more than 70% by TV using
antenna (micro wave). Notably, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed was a board member of the
organization that runs OBN before assuming the office of Prime Minister.
Do you know the Objectives of Oromia Broadcasting Network Organization?

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Encouraging the people to freely express their opinion based on constitution of the federal
Government and that of Oromia Region as well as other laws and policies.
Crate a conductive condition for the people of oromia region to get correct, objective adequate and
quality information timely. Work towards the creation of national consensus on major national and
regional issues.
Encouraging towards developing a democratic culture in economic, political and cultural activities,
and works towards promotion of Oromo culture, history and language

1.2. MISSION OF OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK

The mission of the Oromia Broadcasting Network is to transmit periodical information and-
entertainment programs by using electronic media and website that provides awareness of building
good democracy for people as well as to announce Oromo cultures, norms and to create
relationship within country and with outer country. And also, to provide current, real and
reasonable information by using electronic media and providing entertainment program that
recreate and educate the public as well as enable them to building democracy and good image of
the region and development of the country. Other missions of OBN are: -
➢ To increase study, discoveries and innovation
➢ To develop and organize good experience
➢ To increase good work and service
➢ To develop the faithfulness with government
➢ To develop the participation of customers by advertising their products
➢ To increase participation of community in all aspects
➢ To develop work culture of community
➢ To increase organization of all sectors
➢ To develop and organize good experience
➢ To increase good work and service
➢ To increase using and presenting technology material
➢ To improve the benefit of budget
➢ To increase revenue of government or country
Organizations Strategic Focus Area
 Quality and standardize news and programs.

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 Increase media coverage

 Improve workers' capacity.

1.3. VISION OF OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK

The vision of Oromia Broadcasting Network is become the most preferable media in the Oromia
region, competence within the country and in the east Africa in 2012. The most media have been
developed and movement of social development and give a lot of result in the region in this year
in Oromia region the Oromia Broadcasting Network is the most popular media of information,
competent within country media. And also, to be the most chosen and trusted media in the country
as well as prominent in Africa by providing quality, timely, balanced information, news,
educational and Entertainment programs by using modern media technology and efficient internal
structure of management system
1.3.1. ORGANIZATION CORE VALUES
 Truth telling (Honesty)
 Loyalty
 Participatory
 Commitment
 Professional ethics
 Team work or co-operation (work together)
 Quality service
 Keep the sound of people
 Work for change
 Uncorrupted work
 Make participant
 Reliability

1.4. PRODUCT OR SERVICE OF THE OROMIA BROADCASTING

NETWORK
There are strong and well-organized advertising services of different products, like editing service
of news, entertainment, educational thing and another program. There is also recording services of
news, music, entertainments, educational things and other issues like political, social and cultural

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issues can be recorded in the organization. Training services also given for the workers of the
organization. The Transport service is given to the organization workers. The organization is also
planned to expand its services in the near future with respect to its quality and performance as well.
Generally, products or services of the organization are:
✓ Periodical News
✓ Entertainment
✓ Advertisement
✓ Holy Day Programs
✓ Production
✓ Renting Studio
✓ Direct Transmitting information service
✓ Script writer’s service
✓ Documentary film service
✓ Library services are given for the organization workers.
✓ Video editing service
✓ Computer maintenance service
About Government Issue In addition to these Oromia Broadcasting Network is giving service by
different language such as: - Afan Oromo, Amharic, and English.

1.5.THE FUTURE PLAN OF OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK

The OBN organization has the following future plan. Such as:
To improve the quality of news and programs.
To reach 100% coverage across the region with both radio and television.
To improve the capacity of journalists and technical staff.
To improve internal working environment and developing efficient and effective system.
To improving use of ICT.
To make its own website radio online entertainment

1.6. THE MAIN CUSTOMER OR END USERS OF THE PRODUCTS

In all sectors of activities, the organization has different users over the country. The followings are
some of the end users of the organization’s services and products.

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Government organization, institutes and individuals

Non-government organization and institutes
Private sectors and NGOs
Music and video industry holders and air time users Additionally, through Website from every
corner in the world can cite the web and have the service.
The customers who have opportunity to have internet access it gained any information about OB.
The Organization gives a choice to the service through three languages such as Afan Oromo,
Amharic and English. The customers gained service from different sites or centers Because OBN
has many center or site in different town of the region for example: -
Radio transmitting center in: - Nekemte, Finfinnee and Bale at Am frequency FM with5kw and
Am with 100kw

1.6.1. Television transmitting

centers in all over the Oromia region. Few of them are: -
Adama, AmboChiro, Adola, Yabelo, Harar, Shashemene, GobaEntot, Furi, Wonchi,Shambu,
Gimbi, Denbidolo, Gore and Jimma.

1.7. OBJECTIVE OF INTERNSHIP

Internship has many objectives. From the objective of internship;
✓ To give additional knowledge to the students
✓ To know which learned theoretically, by practical
✓ To visualize the real applications & mistake managements
✓ To develop the theoretical knowledge
✓ To improve provisional and personal skills
✓ Prepare students to the future work
✓ To ensure the quality and performance of the students
✓ To increase self-confidence of the students

1.8. SCOPE OF WORK EXPECTED AND OUTPUT EXPECTED

Students‟ knowledge on the broadcasting communication will be improved.
Students have more self-confidence on the working with different electronic materials. Students
are capable to do in ICT center and in other system administration.

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The real Problem of media and organizations can be solved.

1.9. THE OVERALL WORK FLOW OF OROMIA BROADCASTING

NETWORK
The general work flow of the Oromia Broadcasting Network is as flows.

Figure 2: The Overall Workflow of OBN

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CHAPTER TWO

2. OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE

2.1. How we get into the Company

Oromia Radio and Television Organization are found in Adama city around bole sub city next
to ASTU. To join the OBN organization First the University gives the chance to find different
Company by our choice which is best in all directions for us. But unfortunately, we couldn’t found
by our self after we informed we couldn’t found the company that accept us to our department
head Mr. Hadho D. They communicate with different organization including OBN after that some
of us joined OBN host company.
Mr Hadho. D and all department instructor great role in supporting and discussing with the
Company's Operation and Transmission System. We are assigned to start training from the
technical team and informed to work monthly in all of sections by the schedule. After we
introduced with our supervisor and communicated through time with our supervisor and technical
operators and they show us the way, how we can proceed through our work. The overall internship
experience and what we had done in each section are presented below.
We are assigned to start training from the technical team and informed to work for two months in
all of sections by the schedule.
After we introduced with our supervisor and communicated through time with our supervisor and
technical operators and they show us the way, how we can proceed through our work.
The overall internship experience and what we had done in each section are presented below.
The back bone of Oromia broadcast network is technology department, inside Technology
department there are five sub departments which are called Television broadcasting,
Radio broadcasting, ICT server, System Administrator and maintenance. And we are assigned in
four sub departments of the organization.
These are:
1.Television Broadcasting
2.Radio Broadcasting.
3.Maintenance room.

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4.ICT server room.

Within two months we have worked on each section. From our daily duty we developed qualities
of ideas; performance of work, personal quality, educational quality and our understanding
developed from day to day activities. These qualities indicate us that we can perform any work
which are related to our profession and over stand challenges of responsibility which given for us.
We have learned how to search a solution of some relevant problems. So, in general this internship
program helped us to develop the qualities of our personality as required.

2.1.2. ORIENTATION WITH THE RESPONSIBILITIES OF JOB

At the first time we are oriented about the whole system of the organization and the qualification
of the workers. They informed us, the responsibilities and duty for the time we stayed there. In
general, we are oriented the whole system of the Oromia mass-media organization, the future
career goals of the organization and the responsibilities and duties which we had there during the
internship period. But the orientation was not need for us only the internship period, also important
for our future life style.

2.1.3. THE MAIN SUPPORT WE HAVE OBTAINED FROM THE

SUPERVISOR
Our supervisor tells us the whole things that he knows, which concern us with related to the hosting
organization. He showed us what we want to see He answered the question that we raise during
the internship period. He told technical operation of the studio equipment and their maintenance
system of the equipment. He showed us the function, application and purpose of the equipment
found in the organization. He also shared us his experiences that he had during his work life.

2.1.4. THE QUALITIES IN THE DAILY DUTIES IN THE INTERNSHIP WE

HAVE DEVELOPED
(Qualities developed which allowed succeeding in daily)
From our daily duty we developed qualities of ideas, performance of work, personal quality,
educational quality, and our understanding developed from day to day activities. These qualities
indicate us that we can perform any work, which are related to our profession and over stand
challenges of responsibility, which given for us. We learn how to search a solution of some relevant

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problems. So, in general this internship program helped us to develop the qualities of our
personality as required.
2.1.5. THE PROCEDURES WE FOLLOWED WHILE PERFORMING OUR TASK
We have been carrying out our tasks daily through active participation and day to day follow up
as well as active commitment in training. In some section we have been participating on practical
work after getting training from the technician of that company. This enables us to put into practice
what we have been learning in theory so far. In doing so we have passed through some steps in
order to be successful in our work. Our first task is that to know-theoretically about media
automation system, ICT and maintenance by studying from technician of the company. After
understand theoretical part of our core issue then we had going to practically apply what we have
got from theory. Frist, we enter to the media automation system section and after that we join to
the ICT section and maintenance.

2.1.6. HOW GOOD WE ARE PERFORMING OUR WORK TASKS

In our entire internship we got very different knowledge and this knowledge is helpful in our ever
life. The following are the basic skills we got from the full internship.
We summarize the SDLC AND DIFIRENT networking device that very interesting in our
everyday life and very good for performing our work tasks.

2.2. THE CHALLENGES WE HAVE BEEN FACED DURING

PERFORMING OUR TASKS
The main challenges that we faced are:
✓ At the beginning it was not easy to adapt the Adama weather condition
where the company is found.
✓ Also, the workers of the organization have different ethics. For example,
the time spent and formality of work and education is so different.
✓ There is a lot of meeting as a result we cannot contact to our instructors.
✓ Being stayed in the organization without accessing internet connection is
difficult for us.
✓ The rules and regulation of the organization was strong that any electronic
device is not allowed to enter into the organization

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2.2.1. SOME MEASUREMENTS THAT WE WERE TAKEN TO

OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES
The final idea that we were taken was showing smile face, trying to understand
them, try to give response for their reason, dealing with them not only with the
intended objective but also about any else. And try to made good approaches with
them. The measurement to overcome the problem was as follows: -
We must try to be punctual and able to achieve punctuality easily after some time.
Since we are in the organization we must give a chance to handle problems that
seems challenging and also it was eliminated by adaptation.
The back bone of Oromia Broadcasting Network organization is media technology
department, inside media technology department there are three sub departments
which are called media automation system, ICT service and radio and television
broadcasting.

2.3. Section of The Organization we were working on it

As we try to show the work flow this organization they different section. All section
has their own roles and tasks. Under executive director there are five departments.
From five departments we choose Technology department. Under technology
department there four sections. From four we are assigned on three of them.
Those are: -
1. Media automation system
2. Information technology system
3. Maintenance service

2.3.1. MEDIA AUTOMATION SYSTEM

Media automation System is one of the automation systems which is automating
media file. To perform its task, it uses its own application which developed for OBN
Company for different purpose. Also, it uses Avid tape-less work flow. Media
automation System has seven main working environments which we will study
about: -
Ingest room

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preview room
editing room
Program control room
Server room
Studio room
Admin room

2.3.1.1. WORK FLOW OF OROMIA BROADCASTING NETWORK MEDIA

AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Ingest room
Data`s are imported from different places through satellites, cassette and secondary
storage devices like memories. All data`s are inserted in central shared storage only
through ingest room. Ingesting is capturing recorded media from Video cassettes,
Memories, Satellites, and from remote location through file transfer protocols like
File Zilla. While ingesting video file it requires real time duration of that video
using VTR (video Tape Recorder). During ingestion each file are categorized based
on Oromia broadcasting organization services and stored according to its
classification. Ingesting is not similar with copy paste activity. Machine room
contain different types of machine for different purpose but related and
communicate with each other. Those machines are:
ISIS Storage:
It is storage devices which used to store media file. It has two 32TB storage capacity, which
simultaneously stores the same data on each of them which is sent from ingest room through ingest
servers. It has client to map workspace drive to the clients which is ISIS client.

DNS Server (Look up server):

Is also used for providing domain name for all client machines, to communicate with other
machines. Every machine has own domain name to share file from other machines those exist in
the same network. It is back bone of AVID system.

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Figure 3: Workflow of Ingest Room

Archive System
Now Oromia broadcasting network organization uses HD (High Definition) quality for
Television broadcasting. This HD files takes large size of space in storage. So, ISIS storage can be
full in short period of time. At this time deletion is required. In AVID work flow system deletion
is done through different groups. Each group is assigned on specific file for deletion. While
deletion process is required, the file which is going to be deleted should have to be identified. If
that files will be required in future it should have to be stored on different storage, called ALTO
storage. To do these there are three servers between the ISIS storage and ALTO storage to archive
and restore, called Archive provider, archive manager and SGL servers. ALTO is the storage
device which has 430 TB storage capacity and used for storing data for a long period of time.

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Figure 4: Archive System Workflow

Indexer
It used for indexing or directing the path of media file can be accessed. It registers the path where
both meta data and media file goes while ingesting.

Play out
Used for storing edited files and broadcasting to air. It has own server which used for this purpose
only. Hold media for short period of time or until broadcasting to air. Because the storage of this
server is small and HD files takes a lot of space. After broadcasting old files are removed from
server for disk cleanup purpose.

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Figure 5: Play Out Workflow

Interplay
➢ It stores interplay database; head from meta data and AAF control interplay client software
like; access, assist and news cutter.

➢ Runs and controls interplay engines like; transfer engine, restore engine and archive
engine.

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Figure 6: AVID Tapeless Workflow

Television broadcasting studio

Television broadcasting studio is the place where all visual information is broadcasting on air to
all audience`s. Oromia broadcasting network has different types program for different purposes.
For example, entertainment like Drama, comedy and other art works are broadcasting to air as
visually for watching from different through both TV channel OBN channel 1 and OBN horn
Africa. To do this function there are different materials. All equipment’s are placed in studio room.
This studio has two rooms. Studio A (Controlling room), Studio B (HD studio room).

A) Standard definition (SD): -studio, which means where audio and

video has less quality, also it is analog system. SD standard definition TV
sets and video are commonly called as 480 pix, referring to the 480 rows of
pixels from top to bottom

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Figure 7: SD Studio

HD Studio Room (Studio B)

HD studio also the second part of first channel studio. It consists different studio equipment’s like
camera, different light, and other equipment’s. This room has own decoration method and
lightning system. Those lights are operating through light. This room controlled under program
control room. Different camera is installed in this room. Those cameras are not normal video
camera. They are integrated with control room. They have own communication system. Director
used this communication method and guide camera man’s using this communication. This
communication called teleprompter. News are displayed on the board which exist on each camera
front. Journalist can read news from this camera. This room controlled under program control
room. Because the broadcasting equipment’s are integrated in this room. When broadcasting
information to the air, it recorded manually. Because when they want to re-transmit they doing all
function with employees is not required. The recorded broadcasting o air is stored on playback.
They re-transmit from playback server.

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Figure 8: HD Studio

2.3.2. Information technology (IT)

Data is transported from one place to another place through cables. There are different types of
cables.

Fiber optics: Transporting data for long distance. Not normal wire. It carries information in the
form of light.

Twisted Pair Cable: Transporting in short length and used for topologies. It has eight wires which
has own color. Categorized into two. Shielded and Unshielded

➢ Shielded used for installing network topology at outside of building and

unshielded used for installing inside of building topology.
➢ Coaxial cable: Coaxial cable used for topology core while network installation.
In our country the main network service provider is located in Addis Ababa capital city of Ethiopia.
Global communication line connected to this organization by importing through fiber optics from
neighbor country. All organization in our country are get network service provider from this center.
This center is called ethio-telecom. Oromia broadcasting organization also the customer of this
service. They get this service by using fiber optics from nearest location of ethio-telecom service
provider. They use Internet access, phone call, SMS service and other services.

IT Server room
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This room contain different types of machines. For information exchange purpose and
broadcasting and also to do their day to day activities they used computer. Those machines are to
improve their work efficiency and quality of organization productions. Those machines are:

 EPON:
Device used for converting data light form of data which transported from external though fiber
optics into electromagnetic wave form and make suitable for router. Provided by ethio-telecom.

 Router:
Router is also device used to accept data input from EPON and distribute for all subnets. It
communicates different machines. It also used for filtering all information whether they are
secured or not. It can eliminate some spam information and also malware functions using firewalls.
But not much more reliable.

Switches:
Used for switching single input to multiple output. Network which are exist in similar subnet are
connected on this network. Same network is connected through this device. Used for switching
single input to multiple output. Network which are exist in similar subnet are connected on this
network.

Figure 9: IT Server Workflow

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IT system also provide many services for all employees. Those are:
1. Network installation, operation and maintenance
2. CCTV system operation, installation and maintenance
3. Maintenance services
4. FTP services
5. Help
Let we see each of them one by one!

2.3.2.1. Network Installation, Configuration and Troubleshooting

Networking is the protocol which used to communicate two or more devices from different
location. Each computer has own IP address. Through its IP address, it can share files with other
computer over network. Network installation the process of installing computer network using
different computer network installation tools. Those tools are:

Twisted Pair Cable:

Twisted pair cable is used for network topology installation. Oromia broadcasting network uses
star topology. Twisted pair cable has eight wire, which are grouped into four in pair. Each of wire
has own color. Based on their color while we are doing installation task there is arrangement
standard for those eight wires based on required task.

Arrangement A: White-green, green, white-orange, white-blue, blue, orange, white-brown and

brown.

Arrangement B: White-orange, orange, white-green, white-blue, blue, green, white-brown and

brown. When both terminal ends are the same arrangement it is called ST.

Figure 10: Twisted Pair Cable

RJ45:
RJ 45 is male type of connector which has eight port. It makes suitable way of connecting computer
or switch or router with other devices. Its pins are straight.

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Figure 11: RJ 45

Crimper:
Crimper is tools for crimping twisted pair cable into RJ45 pins. It looks like plier. Also used for
cutting twisted pair cables.

Figure 12: Crimper

RJ 45 jack:
It is also similar with RJ45. But it is female type of connector. It has two groups of pins. Each group contains four
pins with its color. Used for transmitting or accepting data from other cable through RJ45.

Figure 13: RJ 45 Jack

Puncher:
It is used for punching wires into RJ45 jack.

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Figure 14: Puncher

Cable Tester: -
Used to test a cable whether it works or not. The device has two plugin sockets for the end outlet
part of the cable so after we plug the cable from the screen menu we provide the type of cable to
be checked the tester automatically test the cable and
shows “pass” or “fail “result.
Swith2960: -We used this device to interconnecting networking device from core layer to access
layer.

.
Figure 15: Switch

Screw Drivers
: - We used this device to open/stretch and close /compress each screw on the computer.

Figure 16: Screw Driver

Cutter: -It is used to cut different materials of networking such as: cable, wires, trucking and etc.

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Figure 17: Cutter

Puller: Used for transporting wire into tubes and in the area, which cannot be easy for transporting
cables during installation. It has tiny and flexible sheet of metal inside of it. It is pulled through
persons.

Figure 18: Puller

Hub

Hub is a networking device which is used to transmit the signal to each port (except one port) to
respond from which the signal was received. Hub is operated on Physical layer. In this packet
filtering is not available.

Active Hub: An active hub re-transmits a signal as well as strengthens it in order to transmit the
signal to all devices attached to it. It can enhance signal over a relatively larger distance as
compared to the coaxial cable. There are three types of Hub are there:

Passive Hub: Passive hub just transmits the data packets to all devices connected on it and does
not help to amplify or regenerate the signal. It solely depends on the network devices to further the
signals in good conditions.

Intelligent Hub: It is also referred to as a smart hub and it comes with management features like
network monitoring and diagnostics whereby more control over the traffic and data can be
provided. It is also known as a repeater as it transmits signal to every port except the port from

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where signal is received. Also, hubs are not that intelligent in communication and processing
information for 2nd and 3rd layer.

Figure 19: Hub

IP Address:
IP address (internet protocol address): is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a
computer network that uses the internet protocol for communication. IP address classified in to
two.
Private: it works on LAN, locally in the same area of organization, any user may
Uses any of the reserved blocks. These addresses are not routed on the internet and thus their use
need not be coordinated with an IP address register.
• 24bit block 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 single class A
• 20bit block 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 contiguous range of class B
• 16bit block 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 contiguous range of class.
Public: are required for any publicly accessible network hard ware for your home router as well
as for the server that host website. Public address we can’t share it with the same organization it
only given by Telecommunication Corporation through payment so it is given as unique code
example high control company. i.e. Google, yahoo etc. uses public
IP address has two version IPv4 and IPv6. IPv4 is recent IP address and IPv4 is designed for the
future generation of computer. Both of them are exists on our machine. The IP address of our host
organization which is OBN is 172.20.0.0.
CCTV camera configuration, installation and maintenance service

CCTV camera is the way of controlling the security of the organization visually. This system can
be networked using LAN. Every camera has own IP address. The IP address of each camera will
be modified through web browser. All cameras are connected on switch and transferred to
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computer from switch using twisted cable. Recording of each day data is stored on computer and
overwrite in every month.

2.3.3. Maintenance Service

The ICT Desk uses both of the maintenance ways, prevention and correction. The software,
hardware and network technicians are responsible for maintenance of any operating system,
applications, and hardware and network problems. As hardware technicians we have tried to
develop the ability of maintaining different computer hardware.

Hardware is the physical equipment needed for a computer to function properly. The basic
hardware parts are briefly described here. But all of this equipment is also found (in a more
compact arrangement) in a laptop computer.

❖ Case: - The computer case (also called a tower or housing) is the box that encloses many of
the parts shown below. It has attachment points, slots and screws that allow these parts to
be fitted onto the case.

❖ Dust control: - Dust is very harmful for computer parts. Excess dust can cause mechanical
failures, particularly on computer components with moving parts. Minimizing dust in a
computer lab is an important part of computer maintenance. Different mechanical and
electrical tools are available to compress air. E.g. Air Blower
❖ Heat Control: - Computer parts, in particular the CPU, produce a large amount of heat
while operating. It is important for this heat to dissipate, so that the computer is not
damaged by overheating. Computers do have fans and heat sinks, but these will only
work well if the air flow to the computer is not blocked. Using air conditioners is a good
option, since the windows can also be kept closed to minimize dust, but many computer
projects cannot afford air conditioners or the associated electricity costs. Therefore
curtains (to reduce the heat of the sunlight), open windows and fans are often the best
alternatives, although their use requires increased vigilance against dust.

❖ Power supply: - The power supply is used to connect all of the parts of the computer
described below to electrical power. It is usually is found at the back of the computer case.
❖ FAN: - A fan is needed to disperse the significant amount of heat that is generated by the

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electrically powered parts in a computer. It is important for preventing overheating of the

various electronic components. Some computers will also have a heat sink (a piece of
fluted metal) located near the processor to absorb heat from the processor.

❖ Mother board: - The motherboard is a large electronic board that is used to connect the
power supply to various other electronic parts, and to hold these parts in place on the
computer. The computer’s memory (RAM, described below) and processor are attached to
the motherboard. Also found on the motherboard is the BIOS (Basic Input and Output
System) chip that is responsible for some fundamental operations of the computer, such as
linking hardware and software. The motherboard also contains a small battery (that looks
like a watch battery) and the chips that work with it to store the system time and some other
computer settings.
❖ Drives: - A computer’s drives are the devices used for long term storage of information.
The main storage area for a computer is its internal hard drive (also called a hard disk).
The computer should also have disk drives for some sort of removable storage media. A
floppy disk drive was very common until recent years, and is still found on many older
desk top computers. It was replaced by CD-ROM and DVD drives, which have higher
storage capacities. The current standard is a DVD-RW drive, which can both read and
write information using both CD and DVD disks. The USB ports on a computer can also be
used to connect other storage devices such as flash drives and external drives.

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Figure 10: Inside Desktop Computer Case

❖ CARDS: - This term is used to describe important tools that allow your computer to
connect and communicate with various inputs and output devices. The term “card” is
used because these items are relatively flat in order to fit into the slots provided in the
computer case. A computer will probably have a sound card, a video card, a network
card and a modem.

1. RAM: RAM is the abbreviation for random access memory. And also, it is a memory that
is used to store documents while they are being processed. The amount of RAM in a
computer is one of the factors that affect the speed of a computer. RAM attached to the
motherboard via some specific slots. It is important to have the right type of RAM for a
specific computer, as RAM can changed.

2. Processor: - The processor is the main “brain” of a computer system. It performs all of
the instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information
through a computer. It is also called the CPU (central processing unit), although this
term can also be used to describe a computer case along with all of the hardware found
inside it. Another name for the processor is a computer “chip” although this term can
refer to other lesser processors (such as the BIOS). Processors are continually evolving
and becoming faster and more powerful. The speed of a processor is measured in

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megahertz (MHz) or gigahertz (GHz).

PERIPHERAL HARDWARE: -
Peripheral hardware is the name for the computer components that are not found within the
computer case. This includes input devices such as a
mouse, microphone and keyboard, which carry information from the computer user to the
processor, and output devices such as a monitor, printer and speakers, which display or
transmitting formation from the computer back to the user.
COMPUTER PORTS
The peripheral hardware mentioned above must attach to the computer so that it can transmit
information from the user to the computer (or vice versa). There are a variety of ports present
on a computer for these attachments. These ports have gradually changed over time as
computer shave changed to become faster and easier to work with. Ports also vary with the
type of equipment that connects to the ports. A computer lab manager should become familiar
with the most common ports (and their uses), as described below.
SERIAL PORT: -
This port for use with 9 pin connectors is no longer commonly used, but is found on many
older computers. It was used for printers, mice, modems and a variety of other digital devices.
PARALLEL PORT: -
This long and slender port is also no longer commonly used, but was the most common way
of attaching a printer to a computer until the introduction of USB ports (see below). The most
common parallel port has holes for 25 pins, but other models were also manufactured.

3. VGA: -The Video Graphics Array port is found on most computers today and is used to
connect video display devices such as monitors and projectors. It has three rows of
holes, for a 15-pin connector.

❖ PS/2: - Until recently, this type of port was commonly used to connect keyboards
and mice to computers. Most desktop computers have two of these round ports
for six pin connectors, one for the mouse and one for the keyboard.

❖ USB: -The Universal Serial Bus is now the most common type of port on a
computer. It can be used to connect mice, keyboards, printers, and external storage
devices such as DVD-RW drives and flash drives.

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❖ TRS: -TRS (tip, ring and sleeve) ports are also known as ports for mini-jacks or
audio jacks. They are commonly used to connect audio devices such as headphones
and microphones to computers.

Figure 11: Ports of Desktop Computer

2.4. FTP services

File transfer protocol is a protocol used for transferring files from device to other device. OBN has
many branch`s from different zone of Oromia. Those branch`s also collect information and transfer
to the center through file transfer protocol. File Zilla is the software which designed to improve
FTP and able to transfer large amount of data using internet protocol. It has server side and client
side parts. Server side controlled through OBN system administration, user name, password, port
number and shared folder from server computer are prepared through system admin. Clients can
access this software under the OBN System admin and shared their files from their branch.

2.5. Work Tasks we have been executed during our internship program
Internship is only for learning purpose. It is also way of applying our professional which we have
been gained from our education. So when we are working with Oromia broadcasting network
organization we have been executed some kinds of tasks as follows.

2.6. Troubleshooting networking service between store office and IT Server.

Once upon a time at morning the store office employee was request help for their internet access
which was not working at least for one days. With our supervisor we start finding the problem

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starting from store office. First we test if there is communication between destination switch and
source switch. Then we understand the connection was lost. Then we start checking Shielded
Twisted Pair cable if there is damage at the point of any joint. But there is no problem on every
joint. Our last check was identifying if it is unplugged from source switch, but it was unplugged.
So we choose simple and urgent solution which is replacing the twisted pair cable between source
switch and target switch. Then our solution was perfect and the problem is solved they
acknowledge us

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CHAPTER THREE

3. OVERALL BENEFITS GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP

3.1. INTRODUCTION TO THE INTERNSHIP BENEFIT

This internship offers an opportunity for us the opportunity to link the theoretical concepts we have
been learn in class and the practice. We have got many advantages from the internship course in
terms of improving practical skills.

Upgrading theoretical knowledge.

Improving interpersonal communication.
Improving team playing skills.
Improving leadership skills
Understanding about work ethics related issues
Gaining entrepreneurship skills

3.1.1. IMPROVEMENT OF PRACTICAL SKILLS

During the internship period we have been participating on some practical tasks which are related
to our field of study. For instance, we have seen the computer hardware maintenance, crimping of
the cables and how media file is automated. In this internship program as computer science
students we have developed our practical skills in the following way.

✓ The ability to understand the problems faced on some computer hardware.

✓ Understanding maintenance, repair and how to control computer.
✓ Understand how UTP cable is arranged and crimped to RJ 45.
✓ Understand how single printer is shared for money users.
✓ Understand how window is format.
✓ Understand how telephone line is distributed for user

 Understand how user remotely access customers computer and desktop sharing over the
internet to installing the software on the customers' computer by using team viewer
software.

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3.1.2. IMPROVEMENT OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Internship activity is very helpful in improving interpersonal communication. The more contacting
and idea exchanging with the majority of people, the more communication skills that one can
acquire. We have developed the capability to communicate with people those are in a different
kind of stage /levels as well as those people who are qualified under different profession/position.
Through this process we have developed the skill to exchanging information with the people and
we were able to approach to any higher level individual politely.

3.1.3 IMPROVEMENT TEAM PLAYING SKILLS

The internship activity plays an important role in improving the team playing skills. It develops
the ability to work in cooperation. We have been working together in that company in order to
exchange our experience to achieve an important knowledge. Working in group develops the
capability to acquire new information and knowledge which enables to be competent with the
technology of the world. Several kind of work requires a lot of effort and skills. For such types of
activity team playing skill play an important role. It maximizes the productivity. It also saves time
(to do more in less time).Not only this, but also it develops strong relationship among the people.
Thus, achieving a good team playing skill provides the following essential things:

➢ Essential for getting a good knowledge

➢ To develop Communication skill
➢ Increasing understanding of the task
➢ Effective completion of tasks

3.2. UNDERSTANDING ABOUT WORK ETHICS RELATED ISSUE

Work ethics are generally accepted guidelines for right and wrong behaviors at work. Having good
ethics is very important for developing safe working environment and increasing. productivity.
While we were in the company we have been told that knowing and keeping the ethics of the
company is a must. The following principles allow good work ethics at working area.

Punctuality:-This means arriving at work on time

Honesty:-Honesty at work means spending working hours and resources totally on work

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Willingness to learn:-This means understanding the way things are done at your work place and
trying to do it better.

Initiative:-Being prepared/having awareness to do something willingly

Loyalty:-Do what is best for the growth of the organization

Maximizing productivity:-This is the ability to do high quality work faster and efficiently. The
following are ethics we have gained during internship period.

We observed that group work is better than individual

Saving money and time is a must within the work ethics

We observed that precedence was first for work

How we are being punctual for the future and Being hard worker for the future.

3.3. WHAT WE HAVE GAINED IN TERMS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP

SKILLS
Entrepreneur is a person who sees a good opportunity for a new business and works hard to
increase the economy. While we were in the company, we have got wide knowledge on the
entrepreneurship skill that we should have to find ourselves as a creative person by analyzing work
opportunities. The major characteristics of entrepreneurship that we have seen in the company
include the following.

Self-confident multi-skilled: To be an entrepreneur engineer for the future we should have to be

self-confident and multidimensional thinker. Therefore, this internship program opens a door for
us prepare ourselves for such fantastic task.

Innovative skills: A good skilled engineer can create a new mechanism which leads to discover a
new thing. Therefore, this internship program has given us some clues to innovate something new.

Total commitment: Hard work and potential are essential elements in the entrepreneurship
activity. Commitment is a tool that is used to achieve/accomplish what is wanted to be done.

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CHAPTER FOUR

4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1. CONCLUSION
During our internship program period in OBN, we have got a different theoretical and practical
skill and adapted the real world or working environment. OBN has offered us opportunities to
learn and develop ourselves in many areas. We gained a lot of experience. Lot of the tasks and
activities that we have worked on during our internship are familiar with what we studying at the
moment. Before our internship started our ideas did not match the experiences have gained during
our internship. Some of the benefits that we gain due to internship programmer we know the
process to automate media file, how to broadcast media file to airline, how to distribute telephone
communication line to user from the server, how to identify a problem occur on hardware of
computer and how we maintain it, how to sharing network including printer sharing ,how to
installing different windows and also learn the difference between window server 2012 and other
window operating system. Generally we can get the above practical and theoretical benefit during
our internship program period in OBN.

This company contains people who work for it and the department responsible for managing
resources related to employees. So, we have selected the project that solves OBN human resource
management system problem. This human resource management system enables the human
resource tasks to be executed in a modernized way which saves time and suitable to apply/use. In
this system the activity taken place in the OBN company human resource becomes more secured
and managed.

4.2. RECOMMENDATION
We want to recommend OBN that there are so many problems that we have seen in this company.
These problems are:

a) The storage, which is in use, is very small when compared to current storage material used in
the world.
b) Their data center room is too narrow, which is not suitable for their work.

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c) Even if their works are periodical, there is no punctuality. In addition, even though OBN has
been producing so many skillful and creative people, but, there is a case in which some problems
have been faced. For instance, the students can’t use any
electronics devices in the Company to access internet, there is no room for internship students to
do their project and to practice what they learn theoretically and the OBN Company and solve the
problem successfully. Because the area need high security and any electronic equipment is not
allowed for any one.

 There is no direction guides.

 There is no well-designed document for internship student.
 IT technicians are few peoples.
So, we would like to remind and recommend OBN Company give an attention(consider) if
possible. And also

They must prepare documented data that explain the working principles of different section of the
company.

The company should be ready for internship students by preparing project tasks and workshop
classes to give better experiences.

The companies should assign professionals who have greater technical knowledge in the section
of the company for the internee students.

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REFERENCES
https://www.obnoromia.com

https://www.coursesidekick.com/information-systems/

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