ASSOSA UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

INTERNSHIP REPORT AT ETHIO TELECOM EAST HARARI REGION

ON NETWORKING

DURATION OF INTERNSHIP: TWO MONTHS

NAME: Talila Roba

ID.NO: RU 2796/14

Host Company ETHIOTELECOM

Advised by:

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Declaration
I am Talila Roba, a 4th year Computer Science student that I have undertaken my internship
experience in ethio telecom (hosting company) for a period of July 16/2023 to September
16/2024 G.C for 2 months under the guidance of Mr. Chala Muktar(Supervisor) and Mr. Daniel
Berhanu (Ip specialist)

I clarify that my work is original and compiled according to the internship report writing
guideline given by the department. As the student academic advisor, I clarify that the internship
report prepared by Talila Roba is original work and compiled according to the guideline
provided by the department as far as my knowledge is concerned.

Intern: Talila Roba

Signature…………..….

Advisor:

Signature………………

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Executive Summary
This report explains my internship experience and project for the problem identified starting with
the background of the internship hosting company that is Ethio telecom. The report tries to
discuss about the two months internship experiences, problem solved, benefits gained from the
internship, conclusion and recommendations for the future to the hosting company. The paper
contains three parts, Overall Internship Experience, Projects carried out and Conclusion
respectively. The report contains four chapters. The first chapter of the report provides about the
hosting company’s background, internship objective, mission, vision, goal, main product and
overall organization workflow. The second chapter describes overall internship experience, in
which section of Ethio telecom I have been working in and the practical and theoretical skill I
gained. The third chapter explains the projects that were completed and contributions the overall
Benefits Gained from the Internship like interpersonal communication skill, work ethics, and
team playing skill. The last chapter is conclusion and recommendation.

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Acknowledgment
First of all my greatest and deepest gratitude goes to the almighty God for keeping me alive to
finish my internship program healthy. Next I would like to express my gratitude to the
department for giving this opportunity to enhance my skills, expand my knowledge and gain
practical experience. Then my gratitude goes to my advisor Mr. ____. Beside that I want to give
my appreciation to Ethio telecom for providing me with an invaluable experience during my
internship and I am grateful for the trust and experience of the team placed in me specially to my
supervisors Mr. Chala Muktar, Mr. Daniel Berhanu, and to all internet and data section workers
for giving me better understanding and knowledge on networking basically on internet and data.
Finally I would like to extend my appreciation to all workers of Ethio telecom specially east
Harari region for their love and respect.

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List of Acronym
ARP Address Resolution Protocol

BM Business Mobile

CUG Closed User Group

SL Digital Subscriber Line

GOTA Global Open Trucking Architecture

IP Internet Protocol

IPOE Internet Protocol over Ethernet

MSAG Multi-Service access Gateway

MSAN Multi-Purpose Access Nodes

PE Provider Edge

PPOE Point to Point Protocol Over Ethernet

OoB Out of Bundle

SSH Secure Shell

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network

VPN Virtual Private Network

VRF Virtual Routing and Forwarding

WIFI Wireless Fidelity

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Contents
Declaration......................................................................................................................................ii
Executive Summary.......................................................................................................................iii
Acknowledgment............................................................................................................................iv
List of Acronym...............................................................................................................................v
List of figure.................................................................................................................................viii
CHAPTER ONE..............................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
1 General overview of the internship.......................................................................................1
1.1 Objective of the Internship............................................................................................1
1.2 Scope.............................................................................................................................1
2 Background of hosting company..........................................................................................2
2.1 Description....................................................................................................................2
2.2 Mission, vision, of the organization..............................................................................3
2.3 Product of the organization...........................................................................................3
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................5
Specific Job Information..................................................................................................................5
2.1 Skills and knowledge gained.............................................................................................5
2.2 Beneficial technical knowledge and skills........................................................................6
2.3 Responsibilities.................................................................................................................9
2.4 Problems identified.........................................................................................................11
CHAPTER THREE.......................................................................................................................13
Accomplishment and reflection.....................................................................................................13
3.1 Accomplishment.............................................................................................................13
3.1.1 Project............................................................................................................................13
3.1.2 TASKS.....................................................................................................................13
3.2 REFLECTION................................................................................................................14
3.2.1 Challenges I faced.........................................................................................................14

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 3.2.2 Areas of improvement...................................................................................................15
CHAPTER FOUR.........................................................................................................................17
Conclusion and recommendation..................................................................................................17
4.1 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................17
4.2. Recommendation................................................................................................................17
Reference..........................................................................................................................................i

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List of figure
Figure 1: Ethiopian telecommunication logo..................................................................................2
Figure 2: figure for Router...............................................................................................................5
Figure 3: figure for Ping..................................................................................................................8
Figure 4: figure for MSAG............................................................................................................10

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 CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1 General overview of the internship

The aim of this internship program is to give experience to students in the working environment.
Employers prefer candidates who have completed a particular internship. An internship
immerses students in a real-world work environment with actual coworkers carrying out actual
professional activities, making the abstract ideas and taught instances from the classroom
concrete. A student's ability to adapt to the working environment of the actual world is the aim of
an internship program. Students should have an understanding of how service providers and
manufacturers carry out their tasks in addition to their academic knowledge. Students will get
priceless professional experience from an internship, and their self-confidence and self-esteem
will increase.

1.1Objective of the Internship

 Allow the students to improve their practical, theoretical, interpersonal communications.
 To apply and generalize the academic theory & knowledge acquired in the class lessons
to practical engineering fields.
 To enable us to get hands-on real-life experience.
 Provide us to broaden our chance for handling a job and jump starting our careers.
 Create conducive atmosphere to assess professional qualification.
 To strengthen our professional skills and interpersonal communication

1.2 Scope
The scope of work expected in an internship generally offers an opportunity for students to gain
practical experience in their field of study. Some common aspects of an internship may include
Learning and skill development, assisting with projects; this could involve conducting research,
preparing reports, assisting with presentations, or contributing to the overall progress of the

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project, Shadowing and observation: Collaborative work by interacting with colleagues,
supervisors, and industry professionals.

The expected outputs from an internship can vary depending on the specific role, industry, and
organization. Here are some common expected outputs Practical skills developments, skills.
Expected outputs includes improving technical abilities, such as programming, data analysis, as
well as developing transferable skills like communication, problem-solving, teamwork, and time
management, Project completion, Learning and professional growth.

2 Background of hosting company

Ethio telecom is an Ethiopian telecommunication company serving as the major internet and
telephone service provider. Originally a division of the Ministry of Post, Telephone and
Telegraph, what would become the ETC was established as the Imperial Board of
Telecommunications of Ethiopia (IBTE) in 1952. The first long distance link was made between
Addis Ababa and Harar. ETC provides fixed line telephony, mobile telephone and Internet and
multimedia services.

Figure 1: Ethiopian telecommunication logo

2.1 Description
Generally, the customers of Ethio telecom are the entire people of Ethiopia where the
Company’s network is covered. Ethio Telecom is institutionalized with the objectives of
promoting the development of high quality, efficient, reliable and affordable
telecommunication services in the country. The company has different customers such as
individual persons, banks, private companies, non-governmental organizations etc. I was able

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 to observe that the agency is organized in section and teams to make work efficient. And also
those sections are assigned to different types of projects and tasks and have their supervisor.

2.2Mission, vision, of the organization

Mission

 Connect Ethiopia through state-of-the-art telecom services Provide high quality,

innovative and affordable telecom products and services .
 To connect every Ethiopian through ICT
 Build its managerial capability and manpower talent that enables Ethio telecom to operate
at international level.
 Support community and environmental development

Vision

 To be a world-class provider of telecommunications services in

 To be committed to understand, meet and exceed the telecommunication needs and
expectations of country at large and customers in particular
 To be a center for advancement of ICT, via research, innovation, transfer, adoption
diffusion, adaptation, integration and dissemination in Ethiopia in particular and in
East/Horn of Africa in general.

2.3Product of the organization

Mobile roaming: - is a service that helps subscribers automatically to make and receive voice
calls, send and receive data, or access other services when travelling outside the geographical
coverage area of Ethio Telecom, by means of using a visited country's operator's network.

GOTA:- It allows one or more individuals to communicate and also use for private and group
calls using push to talk.

Satellite Mobile Telephone: - is mobile phone that connects to orbiting satellites instead of
terrestrial network. It enables customers in every part of the globe to be beneficiaries of telecom
services through satellites stationed on the universe

Business Mobile Service with/without CUG: - is a bundled postpaid mobile service that allows
enterprise customers to make calls at a discounted rate compared to the normal mobile tariff
rates.

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Vanity numbers: - are Mobile numbers which are memorable and easy to dial. Vanity numbers
are classified into four categories based on their easiness to remember. These are Platinum
numbers, Gold numbers, Silver numbers and Bronze numbers.

Machine to Machine Service: -Machine to Machine is a wireless technology that enables

machines to talk to each other, and which customers can access directly from their office or
home computer

Hybrid Business Mobile: - In the hybrid BM, customers will have postpaid bundle but after the
bundle it will be changed into prepaid mode automatically, so that Customer can recharge
whatever amount to use for out of bundle (OoB) usage and international calls.

Packaged Services: - a service that could be provided in the form of voice off picks package,
GPRS package and SMS package. Special target of customers for all packages include students,
night shift workers, big Hotel workers and Taxi drivers.

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 CHAPTER TWO

Specific Job Information

2.1 Skills and knowledge gained

Ethio telecom has many sections in East Harari. I have been working only on internet and data
section which mainly works on configuring WIFI and VPN that is connected to networking.
There are many skills I have gained during the internship that I have learned in computer
networking theories to mention about them I have seen sub netting. Sub netting is the process of
creating a sub network within a network. Network interfaces and devices within a subnet can
communicate with each other directly. There is a device that is called Routers which facilitate
communication between different sub nets. There are also many benefits of sub netting that I get
during my intern such as Optimal use of IP Address space, Reduced network traffic, Optimized
network performance, Simplified management and Facilitates spanning of network in to large
geographical area.

Figure 2: figure for Router

The second one is about IP address. IP address is a way to identify machines on a network and
also it is a unique identifier. The usage of IP is to connect to another computer to Allows
transfers of files and e-mail. IP addresses consist of four sections each section is 8 bits long
which can range from 0 to 255. These four sections represent the machine itself and the network

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 it is on which network portion is assigned and the host section is determined by the network
administrator.

Example of IP Address

 IP Address: 140.179.220.200

 Written in binary form:

We see the address in the decimal form but computer sees it in the binary form

 (32 Bit Address 232 = 4.3 billion possible addresses)

When we make new connection for banks, companies etc. we need to give an Ip address that is
not given to another company so as their usage it will be divided by sub netting.

Finally I have practiced in my internship time using different commands while configuring in the
router and different devices and I have learned devices such as switch, terminal box, and router.

2.2 Beneficial technical knowledge and skills

Although Sub netting knowledge is mostly used in the section I have been working, there are other
skills I gained which are listed below

PPPOE and IPOE

The former one is a network protocol used to encapsulating Point-to-Point Protocol, that is a data
link protocol commonly used in establishing a direct connection between two networking nodes,
frames inside Ethernet frames and it combines two widely accepted standards Point-to-point and
Ethernet, which is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs),

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protocols to mention some of its advantages in service provisioning are like there is no need to
configure static IP for individual user or customer, IP duplication will be minimized, no need to go
to customer premises to configure static IP in the CPE, minimize more VLAN usage, and Plug &
play the modem at any port which is assigned to PPPOE DSL port, reduces broadcast traffic on the
network, the latter is a method of delivering an IP payload over an Ethernet-based access network or
an access network with limitations like IPOE technology service provisioning and maintenance take
a time and pass different users to deliver for the customer which is a big challenge for our company
and the customers .

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) finds the hardware address of a host from a known IP address.
When IP has a datagram to send, it must inform a Network Access protocol, such as Ethernet or
Token Ring, of the destination’s hardware address on the local network. If IP doesn’t find the
destination host’s hardware address in the ARP cache, it uses ARP to find this information. ARP
interrogates the local network by sending out a broadcast asking the machine with the specified IP
address to reply with its hardware address.

Ping

From the DOS prompt, pings the default gateway (router). If the ping works, it means that the
NIC is plugged into the network and can communicate on the local network. If it fails, then you
have a local physical network problem that could be happening anywhere from the NIC to the
router.

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Figure 3: figure for Ping

Telnet

Telnet is a network protocol used to virtually access a computer and to provide a two-way,
collaborative and text-based communication channel between two machines. It follows a user
command Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networking protocol for
creating remote sessions.

SSH

Secure Shell is used to connect to servers, make changes, perform uploads and exit, either using
tools or directly through the terminal. SSH keys can be employed to automate access to servers
and often are used in scripts, backup systems and configuration management tools.

IP Routing

IP Routing is a set of protocols that determine the path that data follows to travel across multiple
networks from its source to its destination.

Use of routing

 It offers stability.
 It provides a robust network.
 Offers dynamic routing update of the network paths.
 Information is safe while transmitting

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 2.3 Responsibilities
The customers can be divide in to two as the first customers are enterprise customers which are
governmental organization, private companies and nongovernmental organization for example:
banks, agricultural office ,health office etc. most of enterprise customers use VPN network and
the second customer groups are residential customers those customers are single users so they
use internet. Then based on the types the responsibility in this company varies from section to
section and I have done some responsibilities during my internship period as I described below
in internet data section.

1. New connection

Organizing new connection is one of the responsibilities I have done. When an order comes from
the sells section with their name, access number, MSAN, type of network which can be hooked
as a VPN or an internet then the band width is as the customer choice. By taking the above
information if it is an internet I will make new connection by giving IP, internal and external
VLAN ,link to the router by using commands .

But if it’s a VPN network it will have its own sub net that was not taken before and it will has an
interface which is a combination of internal and external VLAN , VRF, priority to PE a and b, a
band width that is converted to byte from megabyte up to the byte that is multiplied by 200.

2. Upgrade

This service is increasing the band width for a customer that wants mainly with a reason of
speed. So when this order comes I will give the command configure it by giving new updated
band width to the router

3. Downgrade

This service is decreasing the band width for a customer that wants mainly with a reason of cost.
So when this order comes In order to decrease I will give the command configure it by giving
new downgraded band width to the router

4. Suspension

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Suspending is one of responsibilities done when the customer do not pays the monthly payment
of the service by giving a command and by configuring it without the internal VLAN.

5. Resume Suspension

Resuming is continuing the first service to the customer that was suspended because of the
payment by configuring with the internal VLAN

6. Line shifting

Line shifting is done when a Customer moves from one area to other area the MSAN/MSAG will
also be changed so it needs to change the external VLAN and may be the internal VLAN. In
order to change this two VLANs I will configure the router by giving the two VLANs.

7. Termination

Termination is cutting off the service to customers.

Additionally there were other responsibilities beside the mentioned above

 Linking the internal VLAN with the external after fan section workers goes to the house
of the customer
 Shifting internal VLAN from one MSAG/MSAN to other
 Getting in to the device and checking its working or not

Figure 4: figure for MSAG

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 2.4 Problems identified
As clear as a day Ethio telecom is a huge company that has counted many years by giving
service so it has well organized system but as I noticed there is a problem in a way of
communication between fan section and internet and data section. When I was working in the
internet and data by configuring internet and VPN network and also there is another section that
gives a service by addressing where customers located to fix the network then they use voice call
in order to ask internal VLAN or to change the VLAN whether it is working or not and also they
need to know if the router is serving. The voice call is so expensive and it will also serves one
worker at a time but in order to solve this problem it need to be an application or web that is
secured and can communicate these two groups.

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 CHAPTER THREE

Accomplishment and reflection

3.1 Accomplishment
There are some accomplishments I have achieved in my internship period and I have listed them
below

3.1.1 Project
In internet and data section, which I have been worked, the tasks are related to IP, VLAN,
MSAG, and MSAN…etc.

Migration

Migration is the project that was completed during my internship time.

Network migration means moving data and programs from one network to another as an upgrade
or adds on to a network system. The process of migration makes it possible to set up migrated
files to new network or to blend two independent networks together. The need for network
migration may result from security issues, cooperate restructuring, increased storage needs, and
many other issues.

In our section migration is moving networks from one MSAN to MSAG because of restructuring
or updating the device. In order to migrate from one MSAN to MSAG it needed to terminate one
IP from router and then configuring the IP on the new MSAG by using the external VLAN.

3.1.2 TASKS
In the previous section I have mentioned different responsibilities with their definition therefore
in this section I will reflect my tasks. And this tasks are day to day tasks and orders that comes
from sales section

 New connection
 Upgrade
 Down grade
 Line shifting

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  Suspension
 Resume suspension
 Termination

3.2 REFLECTION
As a computer science student I have career goals for my future after I graduated. This internship
program was a great opportunity that helped me to develop my skills for my goals it plays a vital
role in shaping my career and gives me many benefits in practical application, skill development,
networking as well as career exploration and also gives me personal and professional growth.
My internship has a great value in my learning process additionally it provides me a great skill
in punctuality, work ethics, practical works, communicating with customers and staff ,team
works and personal growth.

The internship program fits my career goals in the following ways

 Networking: internship offers an excellence platform to build professional connection

with in the industry. I had the chance to interact with experienced professionals, mentors,
and colleagues.
 Practical application: internship provide an opportunity to apply the theoretical
knowledge gained my studies in real world projects
 Self-discovery: internship allows me to understand my strengths and interests better

3.2.1 Challenges I faced

The company that I had choose to work in my intern program, Ethio telecom has many years’
experience so that was advantage to me and most of workers has many years’ experience in my
section but there are challenges I faced those are

 Lack of experience :- the workers are experienced and they works their job fast so first I
cannot understand and it was challenging to adapt the practical aspects of the job because
of my limited experience
 Time management:-balancing my internship responsibilities with other commitment,
such as coursework personal obligations was challenging.
 Communicating and collaboration : working in a team and communicating with others
sometimes has a challenge

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  Ambiguity in tasks :sometimes the tasks cannot have a clear guidelines need experience
to understand them

3.2.2 Areas of improvement

From my internship I have gained many experiences. Internship enables students comparing
theoretical knowledge with practical. Those are areas of improvement

Improving Practical Skills

As the main purpose of the internship at the university levelly is to facilitate or develop student
learning opportunities outside the class room, this experience provides the opportunity to apply
class room theory to real word station. Then I got a great experience how to telecommunication
service is provided starting from the exchange to home practical.

Upgrading Theoretical Knowledge

I believe theoretical lessons are a great foundation and prior thing you can't get rid for practical
implementations. However theoretical knowledge’s developed by practical are unforgettable,
easily and quickly understandable and the main tool for problem solving. I found the internship
very important in up grading theoretical knowledge that we grasped during the past years. There
were brand new ideas that i never got the chance to know about when attending theoretical
regular classes. The internship experience didn't bring only new ideas to the theory. Instead it
helped in improving the available ways and ideas of problem-solving skills to a great level.
Specifically, on the area of configuring copper and fiber networks, sub netting. I upgrade my
theoretical knowledge and improving my experience in to another new level. These are Huawei,
EPON, and GPON and also whet is MSAG and its function.

Interpersonal Communication Skill

The other thing I have improved is our interpersonal communication skill While in the campus,
most of communication held informally. Besides that, our informal communication is mostly
limited in close friends. On the top of that I still do not make good team communication. In this
internship period, I have improved this informal communication, and develop new formal
communication skill.

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Improving our Leadership Skill

Leadership is the most important skill that we think it is the most valuable skill that I develop.
Everything I used to think about leadership is changed in this internship period. I have noticed
that leadership need many skills. During the time of internship period I have improved some of
the following leadership skill Self Esteem, Become a Good Listener, I stay alert in my posture
and in my facial expression, I try to avoid distractions.

Understanding Work Ethics Related Issues

As work place ethics refers to choosing the option that is determined to be moral or legal right
choice, even if the other alternative is very attractive and even if you get away with the less
ethical choice, I understand the place ethics successfully. This means I am dedicated to job that I
assume valuable and productive. Some characteristics of good work ethics are

 Honest
 Respect to other.
 Cooperate
 Loyalty
 Transparence
 Punctuality
 Punctual

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 CHAPTER FOUR

Conclusion and recommendation

4.1 Conclusion
Ethio telecom was established before hundred years ago and it's the biggest and well-organized
governmental company in Ethiopia. As I have got more information in this Internship period.
Ethio Telecom is the back bone for the transformation by the side of communication and offices,
Schools and etc. Also, the services of telecom are very wide and basic for our country
development. The internship program is useful for improving and up grading theoretical
knowledge by practical skill and 1 had gained new practical knowledge, skill and the working
environment of Ethio telecom. As we know Ethio telecom was the only telecom service provider
Ethiopia and it provides internet, data, voice with both mobile and fixed line telephone and VPN
service to the entire country for 127 years which telecom service is covered. In the section I have
been worked and I understand that how we can get telecom service using internet and data.

In general, the internship program is very important for computing students by every direction to
develop the interest to learn more at the next time and to be having a good vision about future. I
got a good knowledge and I decide to do more on communication to be the next generation
strong worker.

4.2. Recommendation
Ethio telecom is a huge company that is profitable and I want to recommend for the future. Even
though the internship program has its own encouraged and highly advanced sides, but here is
some weakness that needs to be corrected as company level. These recommendations are helpful
for the company and the student will be well qualified skill. Some of they are listed below:

 The company should give priority to safety and quality rather than economical profit, but
as I have observed in the company most of the devices are china products manufacture.
 Some staffs were not cooperative to explain things due to their lack of interest or
sometimes not efficiency as they get along with only the world of work. Others were too
busy.

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  The company should aim to serve its clients to the highest level of satisfaction, providing
the most appropriate and desired solutions with the best international standards of quality.
 It is better to rotation the students from one division to other division for the scheduled
time. This helps the students to capture all necessary knowledge in different divisions.

Also for students who will take internship program I would like to recommend them to apply
early for the hosting company in order not to boast. And for better accomplishments in their
internship period I mention students to focus on their specialization area.

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Reference
[1] https: //www.ethiotelecom.et/about‐us/

[2]Dagim Tadele, ""Organizational overvicw 1 ¥.3.ppt", cthio telecom, 2 1th October, 201:

[3]. Data and Computer Communications, William Stallings, ISBN 0-13-243310-9, ISBN 978-

0-13-243310-5

[4]. www.firebase.google.com

[4] https://www.techafricanews.com

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