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Dbms Question w1

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4 views3 pages

Dbms Question w1

Uploaded by

kushi.m.gowda28
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1. **Define Database?

Classification of Database:**
- **Database:** A database is an organized collection of structured information or data, typically stored
electronically in a computer system.

- **Classification:** Databases can be classified into:

- **Relational Databases (RDBMS):** Use tables to store data (e.g., MySQL, PostgreSQL).

- **NoSQL Databases:** Use various data models such as document, key-value, column-family, or graph (e.g.,
MongoDB, Redis).

- **Object-Oriented Databases:** Store data as objects (e.g., ObjectDB).

- **Hierarchical Databases:** Use a tree-like structure (e.g., IBM Information Management System).

2. **Define Data Model? Explain Categories of Data Model:**


- **Data Model:** A data model is a conceptual framework that defines how data is connected, stored, and
processed.

- **Categories:**

- **Hierarchical Model:** Data is structured in a tree-like format (e.g., XML).

- **Network Model:** Data is organized in a graph structure with nodes and connections (e.g., Integrated
Data Store).

- **Relational Model:** Data is organized in tables with rows and columns (e.g., SQL databases).

- **Object-Oriented Model:** Data is stored as objects, similar to object-oriented programming (e.g.,


ObjectDB).

3. **Explain Database Language and Its Types:**


- **Database Language:** A database language is used to interact with a database to manage and manipulate
data.

- **Types:**

- **Data Definition Language (DDL):** Defines the structure of the database (e.g., `CREATE`, `ALTER`, `DROP`).

- **Data Manipulation Language (DML):** Handles data manipulation (e.g., `SELECT`, `INSERT`, `UPDATE`, `DELETE`).
- **Data Control Language (DCL):** Manages permissions and access control (e.g., `GRANT`, `REVOKE`).

4. **Define Database Architecture? Explain 3-Schema Architecture:**


- **Database Architecture:** The design and structure of a database system, including how data is stored,
managed, and accessed.

- **3-Schema Architecture:**

- **Internal Schema:** Describes the physical storage of data.

- **Conceptual Schema:** Defines the logical structure of the entire database, independent of physical details.

- **External Schema:** Represents how data is viewed by different users or applications.

5. **Difference Between MySQL and PostgreSQL:**


- **MySQL:** Faster read operations, simpler configuration, less support for complex queries.

- **PostgreSQL:** Advanced features, supports complex queries and data types, greater extensibility.

6. **Advantage and Disadvantage of MySQL:**


- **Advantage:** High performance for read operations, easy to set up and manage.

- **Disadvantage:** Limited support for advanced features and complex queries compared to PostgreSQL.

7. **Define Constraints? Explain Types of Binary Relationship Constraints:**


- **Constraints:** Rules to ensure data accuracy and integrity.

- **Binary Relationship Constraints:**

- **One-to-One:** Each entity in the relationship corresponds to exactly one entity in another set.

- **One-to-Many:** One entity can relate to multiple entities in another set.

- **Many-to-Many:** Entities in both sets can relate to multiple entities in the other set.
8. **Types of Integrity Constraints in DBMS with Example:**
- **Entity Integrity:** Ensures primary key uniqueness and non-null values (e.g., `student_id` must be unique).

- **Referential Integrity:** Ensures foreign keys match primary keys in other tables (e.g., `course_id` in
enrollment matches `course_id` in courses).

- **Domain Integrity:** Ensures data values fall within defined limits (e.g., `age` must be between 0 and 120).

- **User-Defined Integrity:** Custom rules specified by users (e.g., a product's `price` must be greater than
zero).

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