REFERENCES CALCULATIONS RESULTS

Wind Load Calculations based on AS/NZS 1170.2 (2021)

Design Information :

Project Name : Murray Bridge

Company : Roviteck
Units : Metric

Project Data
The structure is located in 11 Mitchell Ave, Murray Bridge East SA 5253, Australia classified as Terrain Category 1 (TC1) (assumed to be
homogeneous for the selected wind direction) and is 23.72 km from Australian coastline. The location is elevated at 36.91 m above mean sea
level.

Figure 1. Site location.

Parameter Value

Building Length, 17.25 m

Building Width, 11.60 m

Mean Roof Height, 4.28 m

Roof Profile Gable

Roof Pitch Angle, 5.00

Orientation of Building Length, , with respect to True North, 0°

Structure Type AS/NZS 1170.2 - Buildings

Action Combination Case 2 effective surface - Roof pressures in combination with internal pressures
Ratio of Dominant Opening to Total Open Area 6.000

Elevated Building? No

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 Figure 2. Building parameters.

Ratio of building length to building width

Ratio of building width to building length

Ratio of mean roof height to building length

Ratio of mean roof height to building width

Surface Permeability Opening Size

Wall 1 Impermeable 0.000

Wall 2 Large Opening 4.000

Wall 3
Wall 4 Impermeable 0.000

Roof

Figure 3.1 of AS/NZS 1170.2 Regional Wind Speed,

Figure 3.3 of AS/NZS 1170.0
Wind speed for the address is 52 m/s (Region B1) - and was derived from 50, 100, 150 and 200km smooth lines, set in from a smooth coastline,
as per Figure 3.3 of AS/NZS 1170.0. Moreover, the wind speed calculation is based on Design Working Life for 50 years and Importance
level 1. Refer to Table 3.1 in AS/NZS 1170.2 for Regional Wind Speeds. m/s

Site Wind Speed for the selected Wind Source Direction (SW)

For the selected wind source direction

Section 4.3 - Shielding Multiplier

For the selected wind source direction, the shielding multiplier is assumed to be equal to 1 with the assumption that shielding of nearby
structures are neglected.
Section 3.3 - Wind Direction Multiplier
For the selected wind source direction, the wind direction multiplier for the structure is equal to 0.95 for Region B1 and wind coming from
SW.
Note that each wind direction has a corresponding angle (in degrees) measured from True North in a clockwise direction. Additionaly, the
corresponding wind direction mutiplier value for each direction is tabulated below:

Direction

N-0° 0.750

NE - 45 ° 0.750

E - 90 ° 0.850

SE - 135 ° 0.900

S - 180 ° 0.950
SW - 225 ° 0.950

W - 270 ° 0.950

NW - 315 ° 0.900

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 Section 3.4 - Climate Change Multiplier
The climate change multiplier for the structure is equal to 1 as the structure's location is classified as Region B1
Section 4.2.2 - Terrain/Height Multiplier
Table 4.1
The terrain height multiplier for the selected wind source direction (SW), terrain category (Category 1), and wind region (Region B1)
calculated at mean roof height (4.275 m) is equal to 0.996
The terrain/height multiplier values for each level (used for windward wall pressures) are tabulated below:

Level Elevation, m

Mean Roof Height 4.275 0.996

Section 4.4.3 - Lee Multiplier

For the selected wind source direction especially for New Zealand lee zones.

For calculating the hill-shape multiplier, the detected topography for the selected wind source direction is Hill.

Section 4.4.2
Horizontal distance upwind the crest of hte hill, ridge, or escarpment to a level half the height below the crest.
Section 4.4.2
Height of the hill, ridge, or escarpment
Section 4.4.2
Horizontal distance upwind or downwind of the structure to the crest of the hill, ridge, or escarpment
Section 4.4.2
Reference height on the structure above the average local ground level
Section 4.4.2
Slope of the hill, ridge, or escarpment
Section 4.4.2 - Hill Shape Multiplier
For the selected wind source direction. Calculated from user input data.

Figure 3. Ground elevation with wind coming from SW.

Section 4.4.1 - Topographic Multiplier

Section 2.2 - Site Wind Speed

Design Wind Speed and Pressure

The site wind speed, , for each wind direction is tabulated below. Note that the default Terrain Category is Category 1 if not defined from the
UI.
The site wind speed for the selected direction β at the reference height (z) can be solved using the formula:
Section 2.2 - Site Wind Speed

Section 4.4.1 - Topographic Multiplier

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 Direction Terrain Slope
Detected

NE Flat 0.011 1.000 1.000 1.000 48.00 -880.00 2097.93 755.25 3021.02 3021.02
(0 °)

W Flat 0.011 1.000 1.000 1.000 48.00 -880.00 2097.93 755.25 3021.02 3021.02
(45 °)

NW Escarpment 0.081 1.031 1.031 1.000 53.30 900.00 328.81 118.37 473.49 1183.72
(90 °)

SE Escarpment 0.081 1.031 1.031 1.000 53.30 900.00 328.81 118.37 473.49 1183.72
(135 °)

SW Flat 0.010 1.000 1.000 1.000 50.28 -1460.00 2405.45 865.96 3463.85 3463.85
(180 °)

N Hill 0.072 1.000 1.000 1.000 47.74 560.00 331.88 119.48 477.91 477.91
(225 °)

Section 2.4 - Design Wind Pressure

Note that in calculating the design wind pressures in the table below, and for brevity, for reference value and shall have a minimum
value, , of 30.00 m/s.

Direction Terrain Topographic

Category @ @ Multiplier
@

N
52.000 1.000 0.750 CAT1 0.996 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 38.825

NE
52.000 1.000 0.750 CAT3 0.830 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 32.370

E
52.000 1.000 0.850 CAT1 0.996 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 44.001

SE
52.000 1.000 0.900 CAT1 0.996 1.000 1.000 1.031 1.031 48.034

S
52.000 1.000 0.950 CAT1 0.996 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 49.178

SW
52.000 1.000 0.950 CAT1 0.996 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 49.178

W
52.000 1.000 0.950 CAT1 0.996 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 49.178

NW
52.000 1.000 0.900 CAT1 0.996 1.000 1.000 1.031 1.031 48.026

Direction max.
@ ,

N
38.825 48.026 38.825 904.405

NE
32.370 44.001 32.370 628.690

E
44.001 48.034 44.001 1161.658

SE
48.034 48.034 1384.340
30.00
S
49.178 1451.068

SW
49.178 49.178 49.178 1451.068

W
49.178 1451.068

NW
48.026 48.026 1383.898

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 315° 45°

270° 90°
V​ ​, m/s
0 10 20sit,β 30 40 50

225° 135°

180°

(θ = 180°, 49.18) (θ = 270°, 49.18)

(θ = 0°, 48.03) (θ = 90°, 48.03)
50
(β 49.18
= 180°) 49.18 (β 49.18
= 270°)
(β = 0°) (β = 90°) 48.03 48.03
44
40
38.82 38.82

32.37
V​sit,β​, m/s

30

20

10

0 (β = 0°) (β = 90°) (β = 180°) (β = 270°)

0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315 360

Direction (where β = 0° for N, in clockwise direction)

From these values, the at can be calculated based (using linear interpolation) on the angle between the orthogonal axis parallel to the
building length, , and True North equal to 0°. Take note that the design wind speed should not be less than 30 m/s and the maximum wind
speed for . Therefore:
Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed - 0°

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

Dynamic Response Factor

Section 6.2 - Dynamic Response Factor

The structure is assumed to have natural frequency of the first mode of vibration greater than 1 Hz.

Action Combination Factor

Since the design case for the structure is 2 effective surface - Roof pressures in combination with internal pressures:

2 effective surface - Roof pressures in combination with internal pressures

Therefore:
Section 5.4.3 - Action Combination Factor applied to External Pressures
Table 5.5
Section 5.4.3 - Action Combination Factor applied to Internal Pressures
Table 5.5
Take note that for

Aerodynamic Shape Factor

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 Surface Permeability Opening Size

Wall 1 Impermeable 0.000

Wall 2 Large Opening 4.000

Wall 3

Wall 4 Impermeable 0.000

Roof

Ratio of Dominant Opening to Total Opening Area

- Ratio of Dominant Opening to Total Opening Area

Aerodynamic Shape Factor for Internal Pressure

Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

Section 5.3.4 - Open Area/Volume Factor

Section 5.4.3 - Action Combination Factor applied to Internal Pressures
Table 5.5
Take note that for

For

Since the wall condition detected is "With open interior plan - dominant opening on side wall" for , the internal pressure coefficient
and aerodynamic shape factor can be determined.

With open interior plan - dominant opening on side wall

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - max

Table 5.1(B)
For . For ratio of opening (Largest opening on side wall) to the total open area (other walls) equal to 6. Refer to Table 5.1(B).
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

For

Since the wall condition detected is "With open interior plan - dominant opening on windward wall" for , the internal pressure
coefficient and aerodynamic shape factor can be determined.

With open interior plan - dominant opening on windward wall

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - max

Table 5.1(B)
For . For ratio of opening (Largest opening on windward wall) to the total open area (other walls) equal to 6. Refer to Table 5.1(B).
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

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 For

Since the wall condition detected is "With open interior plan - dominant opening on side wall" for , the internal pressure
coefficient and aerodynamic shape factor can be determined.

With open interior plan - dominant opening on side wall

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - max

Table 5.1(B)
For . For ratio of opening (Largest opening on side wall) to the total open area (other walls) equal to 6. Refer to Table 5.1(B).
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

For

Since the wall condition detected is "With open interior plan - dominant opening on leeward wall" for , the internal pressure
coefficient and aerodynamic shape factor can be determined.

With open interior plan - dominant opening on leeward wall

Table 5.1(A) - Internal Pressure Coefficient for buildings - max

Table 5.1(B)
For . For ratio of opening (Largest opening on leeward wall) to the total open area (other walls) equal to 6. Refer to Table 5.1(B).
Take note that for
Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(1) - Aerodynamic shape factor for internal pressures of enclosed buildings

Summary:

Direction

0° -0.650 -0.589

90° 0.700 0.634

1.006 0.900
180° -0.650 -0.589

270° -0.500 -0.453

Aerodynamic Shape Factor for External Pressure

Section 5.2 Equation 5.2(2) - Aerodynamic shape factor for external pressures of enclosed buildings

Section 5.4.2 - Area Reduction Factor

For roof and wall surfaces (main frame), the area reduction factor is assumed to be equal to 1.0.
Section 5.4.3 - Action Combination Factor applied to External Pressures
Table 5.5
Section 5.4.4 - Local Pressure Factor
For roof and wall surfaces (main frame), the local pressure factor is assumed to be equal to 1.0.
Section 5.4.5 - Permeable cladding Reduction Factor
For roof and wall surfaces (main frame), the permeable cladding redection factor is assumed to be equal to 1.0.
Note that for roofs and side walls, the product of and shall not be less than 0.8.
Furthermore, the external pressure coefficients for each surface are shown in the table below based on Section 5.4.1.

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 Surface Location

z 0.800 0.720
Windward wall
h 0.700 0.630

All height (0°) -0.403 -0.362

Leeward wall
All height (90°) -0.500 -0.450
0 to h from windward edge -0.650 -0.585

h to 2h from windward edge -0.500 -0.450

Side wall
2h to 3h from windward edge -0.300 -0.270

> 3h from windward edge -0.200 -0.180

0 to 0.5h from windward edge -0.900 -0.810

-0.400 -0.360

0.5h to h from windward edge -0.900 -0.810

-0.400 -0.360

Roof (0°) h to 2h from windward edge -0.500 1.000 0.900 1.000 1.000 -0.450
0.000 0.000

2h to 3h from windward edge -0.300 -0.270

0.100 0.090

> 3h from windward edge -0.200 -0.180

0.200 0.180

0 to 0.5h from windward edge -0.900 -0.810

-0.400 -0.360

0.5h to h from windward edge -0.900 -0.810

-0.400 -0.360

Roof (90°) h to 2h from windward edge -0.500 -0.450

0.000 0.000

2h to 3h from windward edge -0.300 -0.270

0.100 0.090

> 3h from windward edge -0.200 -0.180

0.200 0.180

Design Pressures

Section 2.4 - Design Wind Pressure

Section 2.4 - Density of air

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed - 0°

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

For wind direction

Surface Level Elevation or Location

Windward wall Mean Roof Height 48.026 0.630 871.856 1686.293

4.275
Leeward wall All heights 48.026 -0.362 -501.424 313.013

0 to h from windward edge 48.026 -0.585 -809.580 4.857

h to 2h from windward edge 48.026 -0.450 -622.754 191.684

Sidewall -
2h to 3h from windward edge 48.026 -0.270 -373.652 440.785

> 3h from windward edge 48.026 -0.180 -249.102 565.336

48.026 -0.900 -1120.957 -306.520

0 to 0.5h from windward edge
48.026 -0.400 -498.203 316.234
-0.589 -814.438
48.026 -0.900 -1120.957 -306.520
0.5h to h from windward edge
48.026 -0.400 -498.203 316.234

Flat Roof 48.026 -0.500 -622.754 191.684

Upwind/Downwind Roof Roof h to 2h from windward edge
(0°) 48.026 0.000 0.000 814.438

48.026 -0.300 -373.652 440.785

2h to 3h from windward edge
48.026 0.100 124.551 938.989
48.026 -0.200 -249.102 565.336
> 3h from windward edge
48.026 0.200 249.102 1063.539

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

For wind direction

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 Surface Level Elevation or Location

Windward wall Mean Roof Height 49.178 0.630 914.173 1768.141

4.275
Leeward wall All heights 49.178 -0.362 -525.762 328.206

0 to h from windward edge 49.178 -0.585 -848.875 5.093

h to 2h from windward edge 49.178 -0.450 -652.980 200.987

Sidewall -
2h to 3h from windward edge 49.178 -0.270 -391.788 462.180
> 3h from windward edge 49.178 -0.180 -261.192 592.776

49.178 -0.900 -1175.365 -321.397

0 to 0.5h from windward edge
49.178 -0.400 -522.384 331.583
-0.589 -853.968
49.178 -0.900 -1175.365 -321.397
0.5h to h from windward edge
49.178 -0.400 -522.384 331.583

Flat Roof 49.178 -0.500 -652.980 200.987

Upwind/Downwind Roof Roof h to 2h from windward edge
(180°) 49.178 0.000 0.000 853.968

49.178 -0.300 -391.788 462.180

2h to 3h from windward edge
49.178 0.100 130.596 984.564

49.178 -0.200 -261.192 592.776

> 3h from windward edge
49.178 0.200 261.192 1115.160

Wind - 0° or 180°

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for

For wind direction

Surface Level Elevation or Location

Windward wall Mean Roof Height 48.034 0.630 872.134 -5.233

4.275
Leeward wall All heights 48.034 -0.450 -622.953 -1500.320

0 to h from windward edge 48.034 -0.585 -809.839 -1687.206

h to 2h from windward edge 48.034 -0.450 -622.953 -1500.320

Sidewall -
2h to 3h from windward edge 48.034 -0.270 -373.772 -1251.139

> 3h from windward edge 48.034 -0.180 -249.181 -1126.548

48.034 -0.900 -1121.316 -1998.683
0 to 0.5h from windward edge
48.034 -0.400 -498.362 -1375.730
0.634 877.367
48.034 -0.900 -1121.316 -1998.683
0.5h to h from windward edge
48.034 -0.400 -498.362 -1375.730

Flat Roof 48.034 -0.500 -622.953 -1500.320

Crosswind Roof Roof h to 2h from windward edge
(90°) 48.034 0.000 0.000 -877.367

48.034 -0.300 -373.772 -1251.139

2h to 3h from windward edge
48.034 0.100 124.591 -752.776

48.034 -0.200 -249.181 -1126.548

> 3h from windward edge
48.034 0.200 249.181 -628.186

Section 2.3 - Design Wind Speed

Building design wind speed determined at the building height, h, for
For wind direction

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 Surface Level Elevation or Location

Windward wall Mean Roof Height 49.178 0.630 914.173 1571.071

4.275
Leeward wall All heights 49.178 -0.450 -652.980 3.918

0 to h from windward edge 49.178 -0.585 -848.875 -191.976

h to 2h from windward edge 49.178 -0.450 -652.980 3.918

Sidewall -
2h to 3h from windward edge 49.178 -0.270 -391.788 265.110

> 3h from windward edge 49.178 -0.180 -261.192 395.706

49.178 -0.900 -1175.365 -518.466

0 to 0.5h from windward edge
49.178 -0.400 -522.384 134.514
-0.453 -656.898
49.178 -0.900 -1175.365 -518.466
0.5h to h from windward edge
49.178 -0.400 -522.384 134.514

Flat Roof 49.178 -0.500 -652.980 3.918

Crosswind Roof Roof h to 2h from windward edge
(270°) 49.178 0.000 0.000 656.898

49.178 -0.300 -391.788 265.110

2h to 3h from windward edge
49.178 0.100 130.596 787.494

49.178 -0.200 -261.192 395.706

> 3h from windward edge
49.178 0.200 261.192 918.091

Wind - 90° or 270°

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