MCQs on Image Processing Basics

1. What is the primary purpose of image processing?

A) Compressing images for storage
B) Improving image quality for human interpretation or machine perception
C) Converting color images to grayscale
D) Encrypting images for secure communication
Answer: B

2. Which of the following is NOT an example of image processing?

A) Face detection
B) Fingerprint matching
C) Text-to-speech conversion
D) Medical imaging
Answer: C

3. What is image acquisition?

A) Changing the resolution of an image
B) Capturing an image using sensors or devices
C) Storing an image in a database
D) Enhancing an image's brightness and contrast
Answer: B

4. Which devices are commonly used for image acquisition?

A) Digital cameras and scanners
B) Microphones and speakers
C) GPUs and CPUs
D) Printers and plotters
Answer: A

5. What is a binary image?

A) An image with grayscale intensity values
B) An image where each pixel is either black or white
C) A color image represented in binary format
D) An image with indexed colors
Answer: B

MCQs on Image Sampling and Quantization

6. Sampling in image processing refers to:

A) Capturing an image using a camera
B) Digitizing a continuous image into discrete pixels
C) Applying filters to an image
D) Converting an image into grayscale
Answer: B
 7. What does the Nyquist theorem state regarding sampling?
A) The sampling frequency must be less than the signal's frequency
B) The sampling frequency must be at least twice the signal's maximum frequency
C) The sampling rate depends on image resolution
D) Sampling is independent of signal frequency
Answer: B

8. What artifact occurs when an image is undersampled?

A) Oversaturation
B) Aliasing
C) Quantization noise
D) Overfitting
Answer: B

9. Quantization in image processing involves:

A) Mapping a continuous range of intensity values to a finite set of levels
B) Increasing the resolution of an image
C) Applying noise reduction techniques
D) Enhancing the sharpness of edges
Answer: A

10. Which type of light is commonly used for capturing digital images?
A) Ultraviolet light
B) X-rays
C) Visible light
D) Gamma rays
Answer: C

MCQs on Types of Digital Images

11. A grayscale image uses how many bits per pixel in a standard 256-level representation?
A) 1
B) 4
C) 8
D) 16
Answer: C

12. What is the primary characteristic of a binary image?

A) Contains only two intensity levels: black and white
B) Captures all RGB values
C) Displays images with smooth transitions
D) Has a high dynamic range
Answer: A

13. True color images use which model to represent colors?

A) CMYK
 B) HSV
C) RGB
D) Grayscale
Answer: C

14. What does the RGB color model stand for?

A) Red, Green, Blue
B) Random, Gradient, Brightness
C) Reflectance, Glow, Blackness
D) Raster, Graphics, Bitmap
Answer: A

15. Indexed images are:

A) Binary images converted to grayscale
B) Color images mapped to a limited color palette
C) Images optimized for compression
D) Images with embedded metadata
Answer: B

MCQs on Image Enhancement

16. Image enhancement aims to:

A) Compress images without quality loss
B) Improve the visual quality or interpretability of an image
C) Segment objects in an image
D) Generate 3D models from 2D images
Answer: B

17. Which of the following is an image enhancement technique?

A) Histogram equalization
B) Edge detection
C) Image segmentation
D) Quantization
Answer: A

18. What does histogram equalization achieve?

A) Compresses the image data
B) Improves image contrast by spreading intensity values evenly
C) Detects edges in the image
D) Converts the image to binary format
Answer: B

19. Which function in MATLAB is used to adjust an image's contrast?

A) imresize()
B) imadjust()
C) imshow()
 D) imread()
Answer: B

20. In a dark image, the histogram would be clustered toward:

A) The upper end
B) The lower end
C) The middle
D) Evenly distributed
Answer: B

MCQs on Filters

21. What is the purpose of a high-pass filter?

A) To blur an image
B) To enhance edges and details in an image
C) To reduce image resolution
D) To compress an image
Answer: B

22. A low-pass filter is typically used to:

A) Sharpen edges
B) Remove high-frequency noise
C) Enhance color saturation
D) Reduce image size
Answer: B

23. The averaging filter is an example of a:

A) High-pass filter
B) Low-pass filter
C) Non-linear filter
D) Band-pass filter
Answer: B

24. Which MATLAB function is used for linear filtering?

A) filter2()
B) imfilter()
C) fspecial()
D) colfilt()
Answer: A

25. In convolution, what happens to the filter mask?

A) It is left unchanged
B) It is rotated by 90°
C) It is rotated by 180°
D) It is resized to match the image
Answer: C
MCQs on Image Segmentation

26. Image segmentation involves:

A) Compressing the image
B) Dividing an image into meaningful parts or regions
C) Enhancing the brightness of an image
D) Removing noise from the image
Answer: B

27. Which of the following is an application of image segmentation?

A) Identifying cars in an aerial photograph
B) Compressing image files
C) Equalizing histograms
D) Applying filters to an image
Answer: A

28. What is the primary goal of segmentation in medical imaging?

A) Increasing image resolution
B) Identifying regions of interest, such as organs or tumors
C) Compressing medical image data
D) Applying filters for edge enhancement
Answer: B

29. Which of the following shapes can segmentation algorithms detect?

A) Edges and corners
B) Lines, circles, and specific geometric shapes
C) Histogram distributions
D) High-frequency noise patterns
Answer: B

30. In MATLAB, segmentation can often involve using:

A) imread()
B) bwlabel() or regionprops()
C) imadjust()
D) t2()
Answer: B

MCQs on Edge Detection

31. What is an edge in an image?

A) A smooth gradient of intensity values
B) A rapid change in intensity within a region
C) The boundary of the entire image
D) A continuous line of uniform intensity
Answer: B
32. Which of the following is NOT a type of edge?
A) Step edge
B) Ramp edge
C) Ridge edge
D) Gradient edge
Answer: D

33. What is the primary requirement of an edge detection operator?

A) High noise sensitivity
B) Good localization and high detection rate
C) Low detection rate for weak edges
D) Equal intensity distribution
Answer: B

34. Which derivative is commonly used for edge detection?

A) First derivative
B) Second derivative
C) Both first and second derivatives
D) Laplace transform
Answer: C

35. The Sobel operator is used for:

A) Histogram equalization
B) Edge detection using gradients
C) Image segmentation
D) Removing noise from images
Answer: B

36. Which edge detection method uses zero-crossings of the second derivative?
A) Canny
B) Laplacian
C) Sobel
D) Prewitt
Answer: B

37. What does the Canny edge detector achieve using Gaussian smoothing?
A) Removes noise while preserving edges
B) Equalizes image contrast
C) Enhances low-frequency components
D) Performs image segmentation
Answer: A

38. What is the gradient magnitude in edge detection?

A) The direction of the edge
B) The strength of the edge
C) The location of the edge
 D) The average pixel intensity in the region
Answer: B

39. Hysteresis thresholding in edge detection:

A) Removes weak edges unrelated to strong edges
B) Sharpens edges in low-frequency regions
C) Enhances all edges equally
D) Reduces image noise
Answer: A

40. Which of the following is a limitation of the Laplacian edge detector?

A) It cannot handle noisy images
B) It provides no directional information
C) It requires high computational power
D) It smooths edges excessively
Answer: B

MCQs on Neighborhood Processing

41. Neighborhood processing considers:

A) Only the pixel being processed
B) The pixel and its surrounding neighbors
C) The entire image at once
D) None of the above
Answer: B

42. What is the purpose of a mask in neighborhood processing?

A) Highlight specific features in the neighborhood
B) Filter out low-intensity pixels
C) Increase image resolution
D) Perform compression of redundant information
Answer: A

43. Which filter is an example of a linear neighborhood process?

A) Gaussian filter
B) Median filter
C) Maximum filter
D) Minimum filter
Answer: A

44. What is a non-linear filter primarily used for?

A) Compressing image files
B) Preserving edges while reducing noise
C) Enhancing image brightness
D) Adjusting image contrast
Answer: B
45. Which MATLAB function is used for implementing non-linear filters?
A) nlfilter()
B) filter2()
C) imread()
D) t2()
Answer: A

46. What is a separable filter in neighborhood processing?

A) A filter that operates independently on rows and columns
B) A filter that separates high and low-intensity pixels
C) A non-linear filter for edge enhancement
D) A type of filter used in histogram equalization
Answer: A

47. High-pass filters in neighborhood processing are primarily used for:

A) Smoothing an image
B) Enhancing edges
C) Reducing noise
D) Compressing image data
Answer: B

48. Which operation involves replacing a pixel's value with the average of its neighbors?
A) Convolution
B) Low-pass filtering
C) Median filtering
D) Edge detection
Answer: B

49. Which issue can arise when applying large masks in neighborhood processing?
A) Increased image resolution
B) Loss of information near the edges
C) Enhanced image sharpness
D) Faster computation times
Answer: B

50. Padding with zeros during filtering is used to:

A) Remove artifacts at the image edges
B) Maintain the image's original size
C) Smooth out high-frequency components
D) Enhance edge sharpness
Answer: B