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12 views37 pages

Original

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rohitgladiator10
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Matter

Has Mass and Occupies Space.


Physical Nature of Matter
Physical Nature of Matter

From a long time, there were two views about the physical nature
of matter

MATTER

Continuous nature Particulate nature


Continuous nature
like a block of wood or a sheet of glass.
Particulate nature
Matter is made up of particles like sand.
Characteristics of Particles of Matter

Are extremely
small in size
01 02

Have
spaces
Attract Characteristics
Between
each other of Particles them

04 03
Are
continuously
moving
Characteristics of Particles of Matter

1. Particles of matter are extremely small in size

When we add some salt in a beaker filled with water and stir it,
the common salt disappears.

This dissolving or disappearance of common salt in water


suggests that common salt is not a continuous state of matter.

Instead, it is made of extremely small particles.


Salt solution
Characteristics of Particles of Matter

2. Particles of matter have space between them

When sugar is dissolved in water, the volume of the liquid


remains unchanged because during dissolution, the particles of
sugar get into the spaces between the particles of water.

As a result, they get evenly distributed and there is no noticeable


change in volume.
Voids
Weak interparticle forces
Characteristics of Particles of Matter

3. Particles of matter are continuously moving

The particles of matter possess motion and hence kinetic energy.

The kinetic energy of the particles increases with increase in


temperature.

For example - When we add potassium permanganate in water


then purple colour of potassium permanganate starts spreading
and after some time the entire solution becomes purple. The rate
of mixing is faster in case of hot water.
Characteristics of Particles of Matter

4. Particles of matter attract each other

There are some forces of attraction between the particles of


matter which bind them together.

For example- We can easily move our hand in the air but we
cannot do the same through a solid block of wood. In a solid block
of wood, the interparticle forces are very strong therefore, it is not
easy to move our hand through a solid block of wood.
The diver is able to
cut through water in a
swimming pool. Why?
The diver is able to cut through water in the swimming pool
because matter is not continuous, but it is made up of particles
which have vacant spaces between them.
The attractive forces between molecules of water are not very
strong. The diver can easily cut through water by applying force
to displace water and occupy its place.
Matter is made up of very small particles and these are
separated from one another by empty spaces or voids also called
interparticle spaces.
Force of attraction between
particles of matter

Cohesion Force Adhesion Force

Force that exerts between Force that exerts between


particles of same kind of between particles of different
substances. kind of substances.

Example Example

water – water water and leaf


molecules molecules
States of matter
All substances whether solids, liquids or gases, are made up of
molecules, atoms or ions which are constantly moving. The
physical behaviour of these substances is determined by their
movement or motion.
Matter exists in different state.

Solid
Liquid
Gaseous
The Solid State
Solids are known for their hardness and rigid nature.

Characteristics of the solid state

(1) Solids have fixed shapes.


(2) Some solids can change their shape.
(3) Solids keep their volume.
(4) Solids can be hardly compressed on applying
pressure.
(5) Solids have negligible kinetic energy of the particles.
(6) Solids do not have the property of diffusion
The Liquid State
The liquids are less rigid than the solids and the molecular
motion is also comparatively more. Both these characteristics in
the liquid state are because of the presence of weaker
interparticle forces.

Characteristics of the liquid state

(1) Liquids do not have fixed shapes.

(2) Liquids occupy definite volume or keep their volume.

(3) Liquids have fluidity and not rigidity. Liquids are quite
often called fluids.
(4) Liquids have lesser density as compared to solids.

(5) The kinetic energy of the particles in the liquid state is


more than in the solid state.

(6) Particles in the liquid state can easily diffuse. The


gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse and hence
dissolve in water. The dissolved oxygen in water is
essential for the respiration of water animals. The
dissolved carbon dioxide helps the aquatic plants to
synthesize their food by the process of photosynthesis.
The Gaseous State
Out of the three states of matter, the interparticle spaces are
maximum in the gaseous state. The interparticle forces which
hold the different particles in the gaseous state together are the
minimum. As a result, rigidity is the minimum while fluidity is the
maximum

Characteristics of gaseous state

(1) Gases do not have fixed shape.

(2) Gases have maximum fluidity and least rigidity.

(3) Gases do not have fixed volume and are highly


compressible.

(4) Density of gases is very less.


(5) The kinetic energy of the particles in the gaseous state
is very high.

(6) Gases exert pressure.

(7) Gases diffuse very rapidly.


Characteristics Solid Liquid Gas
Shape Definite Not Definite Not Definite

Volume Definite Definite Not Definite

Compressibility Almost nil Very very less Very large

Fluidity or Rigidity Rigid Fluid Fluid

Density High Low Very Low


Characteristics Solid Liquid Gas

Any number of Only one free


No. of free surface No free surface
free surface surface

Generally do
Diffusion Diffuse slowly Diffuse rapidly
not diffuse

Intermolecular
Negligible More than solids Maximum
space
Characteristics Solid Liquid Gas

Intermolecular
Maximum Less than solids Minimum
Force

Kinetic energy of
Negligible More than solids Maximum
particles
QUESTION

Which one of the following matters has very low


density?
(1) Kerosene
(2) Hydrogen
(3) Coal
(4) All of these

SOLUTION

Ans 2
Home Work
QUESTION

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of


particles of a matter?
(1) The particles of a matter are very small
(2) The particles of a matter have space between them
(3) The particles of a matter are in stationary state
(4) The particles of a matter attract each other

SOLUTION

Ans 3
QUESTION

Which of the following is not physical property of


matter-
(1) The matter has mass.
(2) The matter has inertia.
(3) The matter is affected by gravity.
(4) The matter can be destroyed.

SOLUTION

Ans 4

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