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CS 403 - Operating Systems Reviewer

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17 views3 pages

CS 403 - Operating Systems Reviewer

Uploaded by

kdagumanpan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Document Reviewer: Security in Operating Systems

1. Key Concepts Overview

a. Importance of OS Security

 Operating System (OS) security is crucial to protect data and resources from unauthorized
access, misuse, or attacks.

 Ensures that user operations and sensitive information are shielded from potential threats.

b. Common Security Threats

 Malware: Harmful software like viruses, trojans, and ransomware that can infect and damage
the OS.

 Phishing and Social Engineering: Tactics that manipulate users into revealing confidential
information.

 Privilege Escalation: Techniques that allow attackers to gain higher access than permitted.

 Insider Threats: Risks from within an organization, often from users with legitimate access.

c. Core Security Mechanisms

 Authentication: Verifying the identity of users (e.g., passwords, biometrics).

 Authorization and Access Control: Defining and enforcing user permissions and roles.

 Encryption: Protecting data confidentiality both at rest and in transit.

 Auditing and Logging: Monitoring system activities to detect and respond to suspicious actions.

d. Security Models in OS

 Bell-LaPadula Model: Focuses on maintaining data confidentiality through defined access


control policies.

 Biba Integrity Model: Aimed at ensuring data integrity, preventing data from being modified
improperly.

 Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): Assigns permissions based on user roles within the system.

2. Case Studies Summary

Case Study 1: EternalBlue Exploit in Windows OS

 The vulnerability allowed attackers to execute the WannaCry ransomware attack.

 Highlights the need for timely patching and updates to prevent exploitations.
Case Study 2: Heartbleed Vulnerability in OpenSSL (Linux)

 A severe security flaw in OpenSSL that affected millions of systems.

 Demonstrated the importance of auditing code and prompt response to discovered


vulnerabilities.

3. Practical Application Activities

Activity

 Research recent OS vulnerabilities and present findings on:

o Vulnerability nature and impact.

o Patching or mitigation efforts.

o Takeaways for proactive OS security management.

Project Proposal Components

 Security Requirements: Identify security needs for different OS environments.

 Security Features: Outline practical implementations (firewalls, anti-virus software).

 Maintenance: Develop a plan for regular updates, scanning, and incident response.

4. Review Questions

Comprehension Check

1. Why is OS security important, and what are some risks associated with a lack of it?

2. Describe three types of OS security threats and provide an example for each.

3. What is the purpose of authentication, and how does it differ from authorization?

Application and Analysis 4. How does the Bell-LaPadula model differ from the Biba integrity model? 5.
Explain the role of encryption in OS security. How does it protect both data at rest and in transit? 6.
Reflect on the case study of the EternalBlue exploit. What lessons can we learn about vulnerability
management?

Project Proposal Ideas 7. If you were designing an OS for a small business, which core security
mechanisms would you prioritize, and why? 8. In a shared network environment, how would you
implement auditing and logging to detect suspicious activities?

5. Study Tips
 Understand, Don’t Memorize: Focus on understanding each security mechanism’s purpose and
application rather than memorizing definitions.

 Practice Real-World Scenarios: Think of ways OS security applies in everyday technology, such as
securing personal devices.

 Case Studies are Key: Use case studies as a lens to understand the importance of each security
concept.

 Discuss and Collaborate: Talk with classmates to explore different perspectives on securing
operating systems.

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