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Unit 1 (Part 3) Introduction To Three Phase Systems

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31 views10 pages

Unit 1 (Part 3) Introduction To Three Phase Systems

Uploaded by

kaviyadayalan7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INTRODUCTION TO THREE PHASE SYSTEMS

A three phase supply is a set of three alternating quantities displaced from each other by an angle of 120°. It
consists of three phases: phase A, phase B and phase C. Phase A waveform starts at 0°. Phase B waveform starts at 120°
and phase C waveform at 240°.

 Residential and Commercial: 415V (or) 400V

 Industrial: 440V
The three phase instantaneous voltage can be represented by a set of three equations as
vA = Emsinωt
vB= Emsin(ωt-120°)
vC= Emsin(ωt-240°)

The sum of the three phase voltages at any instant is equal to zero.
Resultant = VA+VB+VC = 0

The phase A voltage is taken as the reference and is drawn along the x-axis. The phase B voltage lags behind the phase A
voltage by 120°. The phase C voltage lags behind the phase A voltage by 240° and phase B voltage by 120°.
Inter Connection of Three Phases

Star connection(Y)

 In star (Y) connection, neutral is the meeting point of three voltage sources.

•In star connection, the voltage between any line and neutral is called phase voltage (Vph) and the voltage between any
two lines is called line voltage (VL). The relationship between phase voltage and line voltage in star connected system
is given by,
VL =

 In star connection, line current is same as that of phase current. Hence, Iph= IL
Delta connection (∆)

 In delta connection, the voltage across each phase voltage (Vph) is neutral to line voltage (VL) between two lines.

Vph =VL

• In delta connection, line current is not the same as that of phase current. Line current is 3 times phase current.
IL = IPh
"A delta (Δ) connection does not have a neutral point."
Power in Star Connection
The total active or real power in the circuit is the sum of the individual three phase powers.
Total active power = 3 x individual phase power
= 3 x Vp Ip cos ϕ

= VL IL cosϕ W

In star connection, Iph= IL and VL = Vp and ϕ = angle between phase voltage and phase current.

Similarly, total reactive power Q is then Q = VL IL sin ϕ VAR

The total apparent power or complex power of the 3 phase circuit is

S = VL IL volt - amp.
Connection Diagram
P.No.5: Three similar coils each having a resistance of 20Ω and an inductive reactance of 0.5Ω are connected in star to a three phase 400V, 50Hz AC
supply. Calculate the line current and the power absorbed.
Solution:
P.No.6: A balanced star-connected load having an impedance of (15+j20) Ω per phase is connected to a three-phase, 440V, 50Hz AC supply. Find the
line currents and the power absorbed by the load.
Solution:
P.No.7: A balanced delta-connected load of (24.407+j36.61) Ω per phase is connected to a balanced three phase 440 V AC supply. The phase current is
10A. Find the (i) Active power (ii) Reactive power (iii) Apparent power of the circuit.

Given:
Z = 24.407  j 36.61

Solution:

Z = Z Ph  24.407  j 36.61  4456.309


Line current IL= 1.732*10 =17.32A

= 3 * 440 *17.32 * cos(56.309)  7322W

ii) Reactive power Q= 3 * VL * I L * sin 


= 3 * 440 *17.32 * sin(56.309)  10982.62VAR

iii) Apparent power S= 3 * 440 *17.32  13199VA


P.No.8: A three phase delta connected RYB system with an effective voltage of 400V has a balanced load with impedance (3+j4)Ω. Calculate (i) phase
current, (ii) line current and (iii) true power .

Given:

Solution:

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