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AQA Memory Practice 1

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Surendra Louis Dupuis Naiker
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7 views4 pages

AQA Memory Practice 1

Uploaded by

Surendra Louis Dupuis Naiker
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The first 5 questions are on Baddeley (1966)

1. Baddeley’s 1966 studies into coding in STM and LTM were experiments, but what type
of experiment were they?
2. What type of experimental design was used?
3. Give one strength and one limitation of this design.
4. What were the IV and DV in the study?
5. What is a DV always a type of?
6. Why is it only really possible to use the case study method to investigate amnesia?
7. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the case study method?
8. What other study methods do case studies often use?
9. What is meant by the terms:

a. Coding
b. Capacity
c. Duration
d. Multi-store model
e. Sensory register
f. Short-term memory
g. Long-term memory
h. Retrieval

10. What is the difference between the echoic and iconic stores in the SR?
11. What is chunking?
12. What difference in procedure was there between Baddeley’s studies of coding in STM
and LTM?
13. Outline the procedure and findings of Peterson & Peterson’s 1959 study into duration
of STM.
14. Outline the procedure and findings of Bahrick’s 1975 study of duration of LTM.
15. Why do case studies of amnesia support the MSM?
16. Following a viral infection Alex suffered damage to his memory. He was unable to learn
new information and could not recall events occurring a short while before. However,
his memory from before his illness was not affected. For example, he knew that he
was married to Lola and he could still play chess, an ability learned as a child. Use the
MSM to explain the change in Alex’s memory ability. [4 marks]
17. Explain how information is coded within short-term memory. [3 marks]
18. Next to the descriptions and statements below, write ‘SR’ next to the two that relate
to the sensory register, ‘STM’ next to the two that relate to short-term memory and
‘LTM’ next to the two that relate to long-term memory. One description or statement
will be left over. [6 marks]

a. Coding is mainly acoustic.


b. A short-duration store holding unprocessed impressions of information
c. The first storage system within the MSM
d. A slave system containing visual and spatial information
e. Duration is for potentially a lifetime.
f. Capacity is limited to between five and nine items.
g. Information that is rehearsed sufficiently will be transferred here.

19. Outline and evaluate the multi-store model of memory. Refer to evidence in your
answer. [16 marks]
20. Outline and evaluate the role of the sensory register and short-term memory within
the multi-store model. [12 marks]
21. Research studies of the MSM are often conducted by laboratory experiments. Give a
brief explanation of one strength and one limitation of laboratory experiments. [4
marks]
22. Some psychology students tried the technique used by Peterson and Peterson to
assess the duration of short-term memory. Their results are shown in the graph below.
a. Estimate the percentage of correct responses at each retention interval using
the graph above. Place your answers in a table. (3 marks)
b. The results shown above are almost identical to Peterson and Peterson’s
results. What can you conclude about the duration of STM from this graph? (3
marks)

23. Explain what is meant by the terms episodic memory, semantic memory and
procedural memory. [6 marks]
24. Explain one difference between semantic memory and procedural memory. [2 marks]
25. Outline one study that has investigated the different types of long-term memory.
[4 marks]
26. Describe and evaluate different types of long-term memory. [12 marks]
27. Clive Wearing, a former world-class musician, suffers from a severe form of amnesia
caused by damage to the hippocampus and associated brain areas due to a viral
infection. Despite his condition, Clive retains his ability to play the piano and conduct
a choir but cannot recall his musical education. He remembers fragments of his life,
such as having children from a previous marriage but not their names. He also
recognizes his wife, Deborah, but greets her joyously every time, believing he hasn’t
seen her in years, even if she has just left the room briefly.

a. Clive continues to play the same piece of music repeatedly. Based on your
understanding of memory systems, explain why this might happen.
b. You have been asked to assess Clive’s memory using Tulving’s three types of
long-term memory. Describe a method you could use to test which types of
LTM are intact and which are impaired.

28. Cohen and Squire (1980) disagree with Tulving's division of LTM into three types. They
accept that procedural memories represent one type of LTM. But they argue that
episodic and semantic memories are stored together in one LTM store that they call
declarative memory i.e. memories that can be consciously recalled. In contrast
procedural memories are non-declarative. This may seem like a trivial difference
between these researchers. Can you think why it is actually very important to get the
distinctions between episodic and semantic memories right?

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