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COMPETENCY BASED

Sl Contents Page
No. No.
1 Chemical Reactions and Equations 3-14
2 Acids, Bases and Salts 15-26
3 Metals and Nonmetals 27-37
4 Carbon and its Compounds 38-53

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 Chapter: -Chemical Reactions and Equations
Section- A
Select and write the most appropriate option out of the four options given for each of the
questions 1 - 10. There is no negative mark for incorrect response.
Q.No. Question Marks
1 X 1

Y
a) X= Oxidation, Y=Oxidation
b) X= Reduction, Y= Oxidation
c) X= Oxidation, Y= Reduction
d) X= Reduction, Y= Reduction
2 Identify and name the type of chemical reaction shown in the given figure: 1

a) Double displacement reaction

b) Combination reaction
c) Decomposition reaction
d) Displacement reaction
3 A compound ‘X’ is used on a large scale in the manufacture of cement and glass. When ‘X’ is 1
dissolved in water, it evolves a large amount of heat and forms a compound ‘Y’.
Here X and Y are:
a) X=CaO, Y= CaCO3
b) X= CaO, Y= Ca(OH)2
c)X= CaCO3, Y= CaO
d) X= Ca(OH)2, Y= CaCO3
4 The balance chemical equation for the chemical reaction shown in the figure given belowis- 1

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 a)Mg+ O2 MgO b) Mg+ O2 2MgO

c)2Mg+ O2 MgO d) 2Mg+ O2 2MgO

5 The oxidation - reduction reaction between hydrogen sulphide and chloride results in the 1
formation of Sulphur and hydrogen chloride. Which of the following is the incorrect explanation
for the observation?
a) Substance oxidized: H2S
b) Substance reduced: Cl2
c) Oxidising agent: H2S
d) Reducing agent: H2S
6. A dilute ferrous sulphate solution was gradually added to the beaker containing acidified 1
potassium permanganate solution.
The light purple colour of the solution fades and finally disappears.
Which of the following is the correct explanation for the observation?
(a) KMnO4 is an oxidizing agent, and it oxidises FeSO4.
(b) FeSO4 acts as an oxidising agent and oxidises KMnO4.
(c) The colour disappears due to dilution; no reaction is involved.
(d) KMnO4 is an unstable compound and decomposes in the presence of FeSO4 to a colourless
compound.
7. Substance ‘X’ is used in white-washing and is obtained by heating limestone in the absence of air. 1
Identify ‘X’.
(a) CaOCl2
(b) Ca(OH)2
(c) CaO
(d) CaCO3
8. In the double displacement reaction between aqueous potassium iodide and aqueous lead nitrate, 1
a yellow precipitate of lead iodide is formed. While performing the activity if lead nitrate is not
available, which of the following can be used instead of lead nitrate?
(a) Lead sulphate (insoluble)
(b) Ammonium nitrate
(c) Lead acetate
(d) Potassium sulphate

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9. Three beakers labelled as A, B and C each containing 25 ml of water was taken. A small amount 1
of NaOH, anhydrous CuSO4 and NaCl were added to the beakers A, B and C respectively. It was
observed that there was an increase in the temperature of the solution contained in beakers A and
B, whereas in case of beaker C, the temperature of the solution falls. Which one of the following
statement(s) is (are) correct?

(i) In beakers A and B, exothermic process has occurred.

(ii) In beakers A and B, endothermic process has occurred.
(iii) In beaker C exothermic process has occurred.
(iv) In beaker C endothermic process has occurred.

(a) (i) only

(b) (ii) only

(c) (i) and (iv)

(d) (iv), (ii) and (iii)

10. The diagrams below show some of the uses of iron. In which of these uses is iron most likely to 1
rust?

a) B
b) C
c) A
d) D
11. DIRECTION: The following questions (Question No 11 to 18) consist of two statements – 1
Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer the questions selecting the appropriate option given
below:
a) Both A and R are true And R is the correct explanation for A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
c) A is true, R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): When silver chloride is kept in china dish in sunlight, it turns grey.
Reason (R): Decomposition of silver chloride takes place in presence of sunlight
to form silver metal and chlorine gas.
12. Assertion (A): The deep blue colour of copper sulphate solution fades when an iron nail 1
is placed in it.
Reason (R): Iron is less reactive than copper.
13. Assertion (A): The manufacturers of potato chips fill the plastic bags containing chips 1
with nitrogen gas to prevent the chips from getting oxidized.

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 Reason (R): Food is surrounded by an unreactive gas nitrogen, there is no oxygen to cause its
oxidation and make it rancid.
14. Assertion (A) : In a reaction of copper with oxygen, copper serves as a reducing agent. 1
Reason (R) : The substance which gains oxygen in a chemical reaction acts as a reducing agent.
15. Assertion (A): Lead nitrate on thermal decomposition gives lead oxide, brown coloured nitrogen
dioxide and oxygen gas.
Reason (R): Lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide to form yellow ppt. of lead iodide and the
reaction is double displacement as well as precipitation reaction.
16. Assertion (A): Slaking of lime is an exothermic and combination reaction. 1
Reason (R ): Quick lime reacts with water to produce slaked lime.
17. Assertion (A): Calcium hydroxide reacts slowly with the CO2 in air to form a thin layer 1
of CaCO3 on the walls.
Reason (R): Decomposition reactions require energy in the form of heat, light or electricity for
breaking down the reactants.
18. Assertion (A) : Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an example of exothermic 1
reactions.
Reason (R) : Exothermic reaction are those reactions in which heat is evolved.
Section-B
Question No. 19 to 22 are very short answer questions
19. A piece of magnesium ribbon is added to a flask containing dilute hydrochloric acid. 2
a) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

b) Identify the gas evolved and its characteristics property.

20. An aqueous solution of sodium sulphate reacts with an aqueous solution of barium chloride. 2
a) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and also mention the type of reaction.
b) State the physical conditions of reactants in which reaction between them will not take place.
21. 2

A green-coloured hydrated metallic salt on heating loses its water moleculesof crystallization and
gives a suffocating smell. Identify the salt and write the chemical equation.
22. A,B and C are three elements which undergo chemical changes as shown below: 2
(i)A2O3 +2B→B2O3+2A
(ii) 3CSO4+2B→B2(SO4)3+3C
(iii) 3CO+2A→A2O3+3C
Identity the most reactive and the least reactive element.
Section-C
Question No. 23 to 28 are short answer questions
23. A brown and bright element ‘X’ when heated in presence of air turns into black substance ‘Y’.If 3
hydrogen gas is passed over this heating material (Y) again ‘X’ is obtained.
a) Identify ‘X’ and ‘Y’.
b) Write the balanced chemical reaction involved when hydrogen gas is passed over ‘Y’.
Name the substance which is reduced and oxidized in this chemical reaction.
24. A student has mixed the solution of lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide. 3
a)Name the compound precipitated and its colour.
b)Write the balanced chemical equation for this reaction.
c)What type of reaction is this?
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25. While doing an experiment 2 g of ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a boiling tube. 3
(a) State the colour of ferrous sulphate crystals both before heating and after heating.
(b) Name the gases produced during heating.
(c) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
26. A silver article commonly turns black when kept in the open for a few days. The article, if rubbed 3
with toothpaste, again starts shining.
a) Why do silver articles turn black when retained in the open for a few days?
b) Name the phenomenon involved.
c) Name the black substance developed and give its chemical formula.
27. 3

The given diagram displays a chemical reaction. Observe carefully and answer the following
questions.
a) Name the gas collected at the cathode and anode respectively.
b) Why is the volume of one gas collected at one electrode double than that at the other?
c) How will you test the evolved gases?
28. A white solid on heating decomposes to give brown fumes and yellow residue is left behind. 3
Name the salt and the yellow residue obtained. Write chemical equation for the reaction involved.
SECTION - D
Question No. 29 to 32 are case-based/data -based questions.
Internal choice is provided in one of these sub-parts.
29. Corrosion is the phenomenon of deterioration of surface of metal in presence of air and moisture. 4
It is a natural process and in the presence of a moist atmosphere, chemically active metals get
corroded. This is an oxidation reaction. Rusting is the process where iron corrodes due to
exposure to the atmosphere. The main circumstance of corrosion occurs with iron because it is a
structural material in construction, bridges, buildings, rail transport, ships, etc. Aluminium is also
an important structural metal, but even aluminium undergoes oxidation reactions. However,
aluminium doesn’t corrode or oxidize as rapidly as its reactivity suggests. Copper (Cu) corrodes
and forms a basic green carbonate.
a) Which two metals do not corrode easily?
b) Write the chemical name and formula of the compound formed on corrosion of silver.
c) What is rusting? Mention any one way to prevent rusting.
OR
c) Copper becomes green when exposed to moist air for a long period. Give reason.
30. A chemical reaction is a representation of chemical change in terms of symbols and formulae of 4
reactants and products. There are various types of chemical reactions like combination,
decomposition, displacement, double displacement, oxidation and reduction reactions. Reactions
in which heat is released along with the formation of products are called exothermic chemical
reactions. All combustion reactions are exothermic reactions.

a) Define exothermic reactions.

b) What happens when nitrogen gas is treated with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst at
773K?

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 c) Which chemical reaction represents a combination reaction? Give reason.
i) CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca (OH)2 (aq)
ii) CaCO3 (s) → CaO (s) + CO2(g)
OR
c) Aluminium is used for packing food articles even though it is a reactive metal. Justify.

31. Sonia purchased a packet of potato chips from the shop. She opened the packet and ate some of 4
the chips and left the packet as such in one corner of her study room. After a gap of about two
weeks, she saw the packet and wanted to do some munching again. At that time, her elder sister
Pallavi, a science student was present in her room. She found that a foul smell was coming out
from the packet. She immediately threw it in the dustbin and did not allow her sister to eat the
chips.
(a)What happens when food materials containing fats and oils are left for a long time?
(b)Food should be kept in air tight containers- Give reason.
(c)Why do chips manufacturers flush bag of chips with nitrogen?
OR
(c)How do antioxidants check rancidity? Give one example of antioxidant.

32. Some amount of powdered iron is added to copper sulphate solution. After sometime powdered 4
iron completely disappears and brown coloured deposition of solid is observed. The brown
coloured solid is filtered and the filtrate obtained is boiled. The light green coloured solid residue
obtained is heated.
(a) Mention the change in colour of the solution.
(b) Identify the gaseous products obtained due to the heating of green coloured residue.
(c) Identify the brown-coloured solid deposition and write a balanced chemical equation for the
reaction between iron and copper sulphate solution.
OR
(c) Identify the solid product obtained during heating of green coloured solution. What is the
colour of this solid product?
Section-E
Question No. 33 to 36 are long answer questions.
33. a) Balance the following chemical equations and identify the type of chemical reaction. 5
i) C2H4(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(g) + Heat + Light
ii) HgO (s) + Heat → Hg (l) + O2 (g)
iii) Na (s) + S (s) → Na2S (s)
b) What happens when Lead acetate solution is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid? Write the
chemical equation in support of your answer.
34. a) Identify the oxidising agent in the following reactions. 5
i)CuSO4 + Zn → Cu + ZnSO4
ii)3Fe + 4 H2O → Fe3O4 + 4 H2
b) Describe with a labeled diagram an activity to investigate the conditions under which iron
rusts.
35. What happen when zinc granules are treated with dilute solution of H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, NaCl and 5
NaOH? Also write the chemical equations if reaction occurs.
36. (a) Take 3g of barium hydroxide in a test tube, now add about 2g of ammonium chloride and mix 5
the contents with the help of a glass rod. Now touch the test tube from outside.
(i) What do you feel on touching the test tube?
(ii) State the inference about the type of reaction occurred.
(iii) Write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.

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 (b) A magnesium ribbon is burnt in oxygen to give a white compound ‘X’ accompanied by
emission of light. If the burning ribbon is now placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, it continues to
burn and forms a compound ‘Y’.
(i) Write the chemical formulae of X and Y.
(ii) Write a balanced chemical equation when X is dissolved in water.
ANSWER
Chapter: -Chemical Reactions and Equations

1 c) X= Oxidation, Y= Reduction 1

2 c) Decomposition reaction 1

3 b) X= CaO , Y= Ca(OH)2 1

4 d) 2Mg+ O2→ 2MgO 1

5 c) Oxidising agent: H2S 1
6 (a) KMnO4 is an oxidizing agent, and it oxidises FeSO4. 1

7 (c) CaO 1

8 (c) Lead acetate 1

9 (c) (i) and (iv) 1

10 b) C 1
11 a) Both A and R are true And R is the correct explanation for A. 1
12 c) A is true, R is false. 1

13 a) Both A and R are true And R is the correct explanation for A. 1

14 a) Both A and R are true And R is the correct explanation for A. 1

15 b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A. 1

16 a) Both A and R are true And R is the correct explanation for A. 1

17 b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A. 1

18 a) Both A and R are true And R is the correct explanation for A. 1

19 a) Mg(s) +2HCl(aq)→MgCl2(aq)+ H2(g) 2

b) Hydrogen gas, burns with popping sound
20 a) BaCl2(aq)+ Na2 SO4(aq)→BaSO4(s)↓+2NaCl(aq) 2
Double displacement reaction
b) Reaction will not take place if the reactants are in a solid state.

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21 The salt is hydrated ferrous sulphate (FeSO4.7H2O). 2

FeSO4.7H2O FeSO4 + 7H2O

2FeSO4 Fe2O3 + SO2 + SO3

22 Most reactive element: B 2
Least reactive element: C
23 a) X= Cu, Y=CuO 3
b) CuO+H2→Cu+ H2O
Copper oxide is reduced to copper and hydrogen is oxidised to water
24 a) Lead iodide,yellow 3
b) Pb(NO3)2 (aq)+2KI (aq)→PbI2(s)(↓)+2KNO3 (aq)
c) Double displacement reaction as well as precipitation reaction
25 a) Thecolour of the ferrous sulphate crystals is green before heating and changes to brown after 3
heating.
(b) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Sulphur trioxide (SO3) are produced.
(c)2FeSO4 + Heat (∆)→ Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)
26 a) Silver reacts with hydrogen sulphide gas present in the atmosphere to form black coloured 3
silver sulphide.
b) Corrosion of silver.
c) Silver Sulphide, Ag2S.
27 a) Cathode- Hydrogen. 3
Anode- Oxygen.
b) The chemical equation for the electrolysis process is as follows:
2H2O 2H2 + O2
This clearly shows as to why the volume of one gas is double than that of the other.
c) Hydrogen gas burns with a pop sound and oxygen gas starts burning brightly.
28 The given white salt is lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 3
It decomposes to give brown fumes(NO2) and yellow residue(PbO). The reaction can be given as
follows:
2Pb(NO3)2→2PbO+4NO2+O2
29 a)Gold and Platinum 4
b)SilverSulphide, Ag2S
c)The deterioration of surface of iron in presence of air and moisture iscalled rusting.
Any one relevant way such as oiling, painting etc.
OR
c) Copper corrodes by oxidation in which it reacts with oxygen in the air to form copper oxide.
Copper oxide then combines with carbon dioxide to make basic copper carbonate, which gives it
a green colour.

30 a) Reactions in which heat is evolved during the process are called exothermic reactions, such as 4
mixing of calcium oxide with water.

b) Ammonia gas is formed.

N2 + 3H2→2NH3

c) CaO (s) + H2O (l) → Ca (OH)2 (aq), As in this reaction two substances CaO and H2O are
combining to form a single compound calcium hydroxide.
OR
c) When aluminium is exposed to air, it forms a hard protective layer of aluminium oxide which
prevents further oxidation.

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31 (a) Food materials containing oils and fats are spoiled by oxygen and moisture present in air by 4
the process called rancidification.
(b) To prevent it from rancidity.
(c) Bags of potato chips are flushed with nitrogen to remove oxygen and moisture so as to delay
and prevent the rancidity of food. Potato chips when come in contact with atmospheric oxygen,
their colour and taste changes due to rancidity.
OR
(c) Antioxidants check the oxidation of oils/fats present in food material, leading to rancidity. For
example, BHT (Butylated hydroxy toluene).
32 (a)Blue coloured solution gets converted to green coloured solution. 4
(b) SO2 and SO3 gases are formed.
(c) Brown coloured solid deposition is copper
Fe + CuSO4 →FeSO4 + Cu
OR
(c) The solid product obtained is Fe2O3 and its colour is brown.
33 a)i) C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) → 2CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) + Heat + Light 5
It is a Redox reaction/ Combustion reaction.
ii) 2HgO (s) + Heat → 2 Hg (l) + O2 (g)
It is a thermal decomposition reaction.
iii) 2 Na (s) + S (s) → Na2S (s)
It is a combination reaction.
b) Pb(CH3COO)2 + 2 HCl → PbCl2 + 2CH3COOH
It is a double displacement reaction.
34 a) i) CuSO4 is the oxidising agent. 5
ii) H2O is the oxidising agent.
b) Activity
• Take three test tubes and label them as A, B and C
• In each tube, place clean iron
• Pour some water in test tube A and cork it
• Pour distilled water in test tube B, add about 1 ml of oil and cork it
• Put some anhydrous calcium chloride in test tube C and cork it
• Leave the test tube for few days.

Observation : Iron nail rusts in test tube A but they do not rust in test tubes B and C
Explanation :
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 • It is because, in the test tube A, the nails are exposed to both air and water
• In test tube B, the nails are exposed to only water because the oil prevents the air from
dissolving in water
• In test tube C, the nails are exposed to dry air because CaCl2 will absorb the moisture from the
air
Conclusion : Air and water both are essential conditions for rusting.
35 The reaction of metal with an acid 5
● When zinc granules are added to the solution of sulphuric acid then zinc sulfate and
hydrogen gas are formed as the product.
● The chemical reaction is as follows,

● When zinc granules are added to the solution of hydrochloric acid then zinc chloride and
hydrogen gas are formed as the product.
● The chemical reaction is as follows,

● When zinc granules are added to the solution of nitric acid, then zinc nitrate is formed as
the product.
● The chemical reaction is as follows,

Reaction of metal with a base

● When zinc granules are added to the solution of sodium hydroxide, sodium zincate, and
hydrogen gas is formed as the product.
● The chemical reaction is as follows,

The reaction of metal with a salt

● Zinc granules do not react with salt, i.e, sodium chloride.

36 (a) (i) On mixing barium hydroxide and ammonium chloride in a test tube, we observe that the 5
bottom of test tube becomes cooler.
(ii) Endothermic chemical reaction takes place between barium hydroxide and ammonium
chloride.
(iii) Ba(OH)2 (aq) + 2NH4Cl (aq) + Heat →BaCl2 (aq) + 2NH4OH (aq)
(b) (i) The compound ‘X’ is magnesium oxide (MgO). The compound ‘Y’ is magnesium nitride
(Mg3N2).
(ii) MgO (s) + H2O (l) →Mg(OH)2 (s)

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11 c)A is true but R is false. 1

12 a)Both A and R are true And R is the correct explanation for A. 1

13 b)Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A. 1

14 d) A is false but R is true. 1

15 c)A is true but R is false. 1

16 a)Both A and R are true And R is the correct explanation for A. 1

17 d) A is false but R is true. 1

18 d) A is false but R is true. 1

19 a) Slaked lime [Ca(OH)2] is alkaline in nature,so it neutralizes the effect of acid rain. 2
b) Glauber’s salt[Na2SO4.10H2O]is an efflorescent substance,i.e.,when such a hydrated salt is
exposed to air at ordinary temperature,it loses water of crystallization and changes to a powdery
substance.Hence,Glauber’s salt loses weight on being exposed to air.
While Quicklime [CaO] is a hygroscopic substance and thus absorbs moisture from the air
without dissolving in it.
20 IV is the correct setup.This is because zinc with NaOH solution on heating produces H2 gas 2
rapidly.
21 We know that the fresh milk is slightly acidic and pHis 6. 2

During summer milk becomes more acidic and sourer in taste. By adding baking soda, the effect
of lactic acid present in milk is neutralized and helps to check the milk from getting sour.
22 A brisk effervescence will be observed due to the evolution of carbon dioxide gas. 2

Na2CO3 + 2HCl →2NaCl + H2O + CO2

23 (a) Hydrogen gas . Zn (s)+2HCl(aq)→ ZnCl2(aq)+H2(g) 3

(b) The method of collection of the gas shown in the figure is known as "downward displacement
of water".

(c) Hydrogen gas is insoluble in water.

24 (a)Bulb will glow. 3
NaOH being a strong base furnishes OH− and Na+ ions in aqueous solution which are responsible
for electrical conductivity.
(b) No, the bulb will not glow as sugar solution (sugar in water) does not make ions as it is a poor
conductor of electricity(non-electrolyte). Therefore, it will not make the current to flow through
it.
25 (a) P and R 3
(b) R
(c) Q
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26 (a)Colour of the salt changes to white. 3
(b)Copper sulphate crystals contain 5H2O molecules as water of crystallization which vaporizes
on heating.
CuSO4 .5H2O + Heat→ CuSO4 + 5H2O
27 (a) HCl(aq) → H+(aq) +Cl– (aq) 3

(b) HNO3(aq) →H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)

(c) H2SO4(aq) →2H+(aq) + SO42-(aq)

(d) NaOH (aq) →Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

(e) KOH (aq)→K+ (aq) +OH-(aq)

(f) Mg(OH)2 (aq)→Mg2+ (aq) + OH-(aq)

28 (a) Lime water turns milky 3
(b)Milkiness disappears and the solution becomes colourless.
(c) Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g)→ CaCO3(s) +H2O(l)
CaCO3(s) + H2O(l) + CO2 (g)→Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)
29 (a)Ca(OH)2 4
(b) acid rain
(c)B is Carbon dioxide
Ca(OH)2 +CO2 →CaCO3 +H2O
OR
(c)The milkiness will disappear due to the formation of soluble calcium bicarbonate.
CaCO3(s) + CO2 (g) +H2O (aq) →Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)
30 (a) If water is added to the acid the reaction will be exothermic and heat energy liberated may 4
cause splashing out of the acid.
(b) Concentration of hydrogen ions per unit volume will decrease with dilution.
(c) Dilution
It can be defined as the process of decreasing the concentration of acid in a solution, usually
simply by mixing with more solvent (water)
OR
(c) Hydrochloric acid will be stronger due to complete ionization in aqueous medium.
31 (a) CaOCl2 +CO2→ CaCO3 +Cl2 4
(b) Tartaric acid, C4H6O6
(c) It absorbs moisture from the atmosphere and get converted to gypsum.
CaSO4. 1/2H2O + 1 ½ H2O→ CaSO4. 2H2O
OR
(c) Acid – HCl Base NaOH
It is a neutral salt.
32 (a) Liquid 3 4
(b) Liquid 2
(c) Green (pH 7), it is neutral in nature
OR
(c) pH =5 is more acidic as hydrogen ions concentration is more.

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33 (a) sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) 5
Molar mass = 1×23+1×1+1×12+3×16=84 g/mol
(b)2NaHCO3(s) +Heat→Na2CO3(s)+CO2(g)+H 2O(l)
(c) Compound X Sodium bicarbonate is basic salt in nature. The salt hydrolysis of Sodium
hydrogen carbonate produces the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH,strong base and carbonic acid(
H2CO3,weak acid)
(d) Bee stings are acidic in nature, which is why a household remedy for a bee sting is baking
soda or sodium bicarbonate, which is a basic substance. Baking soda can neutralize bee venom,
reducing itching and swelling.
34 (a) Common salt becomes sticky on exposure during the rainy season because table salt generally 5
contains a small percentage of Magnesium chloride, as an impurity. Since these impurities absorb
moisture from the air due to their deliquescent nature(hygroscopic); therefore, it gets wet in the
rainy season and becomes sticky.
(b) On heating, greenvitriol (FeSO4.7H2O) changes to anhydrous ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) which
is white in color as it loses its water of crystallization.

(c)Concentrated sulfuric acid is highly hygroscopic in nature. It absorbs moisture from the
atmospheric air due to which its volume get increases and which in turn leads to the dilution of
concentrated sulfuric acid. Therefore, as the volume of sulfuric acid increases due to its
hygroscopic nature, it starts flowing out of the bottle.
(d) Dry NH3 does not produce hydroxyl ions, but litmus paper needs ions to change its color. As it
is seen that NH3 doesn't have any ion, so it is unable to change the color of litmus.

(e)Bleaching powder also called calcium oxychloride (CaOCl2) is a oxidizing agent.

When the bleaching powder (CaOCl2) is kept in an air-tight container, it decomposes slowly
on its own forming calcium chlorate Ca(ClO3)2 and calcium chloride (CaCl2) and this reaction
is called auto-oxidation.
Chemical reaction:
6[CaOCl2·H2O](aq)→Ca(ClO3)2(s)+5CaCl2(s)+6H2O(l)
Hence, this reaction results decrease in chlorine contents.
35 Onion is an Olfactory Indicator 5
a) Formation of gas bubbles.
b) Brisk effervescence will take place.
Acid + Zn (s) →Salt of Zinc +H2(g)
Acid + Na2CO3(s) → Salt of sodium + H2O (l)+ CO2 (g)
36 a) The reaction will be faster as well more no of gas bubbles will be produced in a shorter 5
duration of time.

b) Copper does not react with dil sulphuric acid as its reduction potential is higher than that of
hydrogen.

c) Zinc granules reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium zincate with evolution of
hydrogen gas.

d) i) Dirty green precipitate is observed.

ii) White colour precipitate is observed.

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 Chapter: - Metals & Non-Metals
Section- A
Select and write the most appropriate option out of the four options given for each of the
questions 1 - 10. There is no negative mark for incorrect response.
1 Reaction between X and Y forms compound Z. X loses electron and Y gains electron. Which of 1
the following properties is not shown by Z?
(a) Has high melting point
(b) Has low melting point
(c) Conducts electricity in molten state
(d) Occurs as solid
2 1
A metalMhas electronic configuration 2, 8, 3 andoccurs in earth’s crust and its oxide M2O3. It is
morereactive than zinc. Which of the following options iscorrect?
(a) ThemetalMisiron.
(b) ThemetalMislead.
(c) TheorefromwhichmetalMisextractedinhaematite.
(d) TheorefromwhichmetalMisextractedisbauxite.
3 A student takes Cu, Al, Fe and Zn pieces separately in four test tubes labelled as I, II, III, and IV 1
respectively. He adds 10 mL of freshly prepared ferrous sulphate solution to each test tube and
observes the colour of the metal residue in each case.

He would observe a black residue in the test tubes:

(a) (I) and (II)
(b) (I) and (III)
(c) (II) and (III)
(d) (II) and (IV)
4 Oxides of moderately reactive metals like Zinc, Iron, Nickel, Tin etc. are reduced by using 1
(a) Aluminium as reducing agent
(b) Sodium as reducing agent

24
 (c) Carbon as reducing agent
(d) Calcium as reducing agent
5 2 mL each of concentrated HCl, HNO3 and a mixture of concentrated HCl and concentrated 1
HNO3 in the ratio of 3 : 1 were taken in test tubes labelled as A, B and C. A small piece of metal
was put in each test tube. No change occurred in test tubes A and B but the metal got dissolved in
test tube C respectively. The metal could be
(a) Al
(b) Au
(c) Cu
(d) Mg
6 The electronic configurations of 3 elements X, Y and Z are X-2,8, Y-2,8,7 and Z- 2,8,2. Which of 1
the following is correct?

(a) X is a metal
(b) Y is a metal
(c) Z is a non metal
(d) Y is a non metal and Z is a metal
7 A student puts one big iron screw each in four test tubes containing aqueous solution of 1
Aluminium sulphate, Copper sulphate, Ferrous Sulphate and Zinc Sulphate. After some time, he
observed reddish brown coating only on the surface of screw which was put in the solution of:
(a) Al2(SO4)3
(b) CuSO4
(c) FeSO4
(d) ZnSO4
8 On the basis of sequence of reactions, identify the most and least reactive elements. 1
A+BX 🡪 AX + B
C+ AY 🡪 CY + A
(a) Most reactive: C; Least reactive: B
(b) Most reactive: B; Least reactive: C
(c) Most reactive: A; Least reactive: B
(d) Most reactive: B; Least reactive: A
9 During electrolytic refining of zinc, it gets 1
(a) Deposited on cathode.
(b) Deposited on anode.
(c) Deposited on cathode as well as anode
(d) Remains in the solution.
10 The image shows the electrolytic refining of copper. 1

25
 Which of the following options explain the process of obtaining pure copper?

(a) When current is passed, pure copper from the anode deposits to the cathode.

(b) When current is passed, pure copper from the anode deposits in the electrolytic solution.

(c) When current is passed, pure copper from the electrolytic solution deposits at the anode.

(d) When current is passed, pure copper from the electrolytic solution deposits at the cathode.
11 DIRECTION: The following questions (Question No 11 to 18) consist of two statements – 1
Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer the questions selecting the appropriate option given
below:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
Assertion (A): Different metals have different reactivities with water and dilute acids.
Reason (R): Reactivity of a metal depends on its position in the reactivity series.
12 Assertion (A): Gas bubbles are observed when sodium carbonate is added to dilute hydrochloric 1
acid .

Reason (R): Carbon dioxide is given off in the reaction.

13 Assertion (A): Carbon reacts with oxygen to form carbondioxidewhichisanacidicoxide. 1

Reason (R):Non-metalsformbasicoxides.
14 Assertion(A):Whenapieceofcoppermetalisaddedtoconcentrated sulphuricacid,thesolution turns 1
blue.

Reason(R):Copperreactswith concentrated sulphuric acidtoformcopper(II)sulphate solution.

15 Assertion(A): Magnesium burns with a dazzling white flame. 1
Reason(R): Magnesium is a less reactive metal
16 Assertion(A): Non-metals generally gain electrons to attain a stable electron configuration. 1
Reason(R): Non-metals have a tendency to form negative ions.
17 Assertion(A): Zinc is used as a sacrificial anode in galvanization. 1
Reason(R): Zinc is less reactive than iron and hence corrodes easily.
18 Assertion(A): Iron is used in the construction of bridges and buildings. 1

Reason(R): Iron has high tensile strength and can withstand heavy loads.

Section-B
Question No. 19 to 22 are very short answer questions
19 The electronic configuration of two elements A and B are 2,8,1 and 2.8,7 respectively. 2

(a) Identify the type of compound that will be formed by the reaction of two elements.

(b)Draw its formation.

26
20 A reddish-brown metal A does not react with dilute HCl and dilute H2SO4. It forms a black 2
coating of oxide B on heating. It reacts with conc. H2SO4 to produce a gas which smells of
burning sulphur. Identify A and B.
21 You must have seen tarnished copper vessels being cleaned with lemon or tamarind juice. Explain 2
why these sour substances are effective in cleaning the copper vessels.
22 Give reasons for the following; 2
(a) Carbonate and sulphideores are usually converted into oxides in the process of extraction.

(b) Al is highly reactive metal, still it is used to make utensils for cooking.

Section-C
Question No. 23 to 28 are short answer questions
23 A metal M has the electronic configuration 2,8.3. It occurs in nature as M2O3. Answer the 3
followingquestions:
(a) Name the metal and its ore
(b) How is metal oxide converted to metal
(c) Will the following reaction occur or not?
2M + 3FeSO4 → 3Fe + M2(SO4)3

24 A metal M on reacting with dilute acid liberates a gas G. The same metal also liberates gas G 3
when reacts with a base

(a) Write the name of gas G

(b) How will you test the presence of this gas?

(c) Write chemical equation for the reactions of the metal with an (i) acid and (ii) base
25 Of the three metals X, Y and Z. X reacts with cold water, Y with hot water and Z with steam only. 3
Identify X, Y and Z and also arrange them in order of increasing reactivity
26 Read the following passage and answer the questions: 3
Samples of 4 metals A,B,C and D were taken and added to the following solutions one by one.
The results obtained have been tabulated as follows.
Metal FeSO4 CuSO4 ZnSO4 AgNO3
A No reaction Displacement ---- ----
B Displacement -- No reaction --
C No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction Displacement
D No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction

Use the table given above to answer the following questions about metals A,B,C and D.
(a) Which is most reactive metal
(b) What would you observe when B is added to a solution of Copper (II) sulphate.

(c) Arrange the metals A,B,C and D in order of decreasing reactivity.

27 (a) By the transfer of electrons, illustrate the formation of bond in magnesium chloride and 3
identify the ions present in this compound.
(b) Ionic compounds are solids. Give reasons.
(c) With the help of a labelled diagram show the experimental set up of action of steam on a
metal.

27
28 (a) Give the chemical reaction involved during roasting of Zinc ore? 3
(b) Show the formation of Na2O by electron dot structure.
(c) Name one metal and one nonmetal that exists in liquid state at room temperature.
SECTION - D
Question No. 29 to 32 are case-based/data -based questions.
Internal choice is provided in one of these sub-parts.
29 Metals are required for a variety of purposes. For this we need their extraction from their ores. 4
Ores mined from the earth are usually contaminated with many impurities which must be
removed prior to the extraction of metals. The extraction of pure metal involves the following
steps:
(1) Concentration of ore
(2) Extraction of the metal from the concentrated ore
(3) Refining of the metal
(a) Name an ore of Mercury.
(b) What happens to zinc carbonate when it is heated strongly in a limited supply of air?
(c) The reaction of a metal A with Fe2O3 is highly exothermic and is used to join railway tracks.
(I) Identify the metal A and name the reaction taking place.
(II) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of metal A with Fe2O3.
OR
(c) (I)We cannot use carbon to obtain sodium from sodium oxide. Why?
(II)State the reactions taking place at cathode and anode duringelectrolytic reduction of molten
sodium chloride
30 Calcium starts floating because the bubbles of hydrogen gas formed stick to the surface of the 4
metal. Magnesium does not react with cold water. It reacts with hot water to form magnesium
hydroxide and hydrogen. It also starts floating due to the bubbles of hydrogen gas sticking to its
surface. Metals like aluminium, iron and zinc do not react either with cold or hot water. But they
react with steam to form the metal oxide and hydrogen.
(a) Why does calcium float?
(b) Name the metal which reacts with cold water
(c) Write balanced chemical reaction of Iron with steam
OR

(c)Show the formation of Calcium oxide by the transfer of electrons.

31 The process of removing impurities from a crude metal is called refining. Refining of metal can 4
be done by a number of ways but electrolytic refining is the most common and most effective
method used for refining metals. Many metals such as Cu, Zn,Ag, Au etc. are refined
electrolytically. In this process impure metal acts as the anode and a thin strip of pure metal acts
as the cathode. A solution of the metal salt is used as the electrolyte.
Answer the following questions.
(a) What is cathode for the electrolytic refining of copper?
(b) What is the electrolyte used in this process?
(c) Write down the reactions at anode and cathode.
OR

(c) Explain the principle behind the electrolytic refining of copper.

32 Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow: 4
Gold is the yellow, shining metal. It does not corrode when exposed to atmosphere. Because it is
highly unreactive metal. Gold does not tarnish and retains its lustre for years though gold is
highly resistant to corrosion but the shine of gold ornaments decreases with time and they become
somewhat dull. Such gold ornaments are polished by jewellers to make them glitter again by
dipping them in a solution.

28
 a) Why gold is used for making jewellery?
b) Explain why gold does not tarnish or corrode?
c) Can you guess the solution used by the jewellers to restore the shine of dull gold ornaments?
What is its composition?
OR

c) Do you think that the jewellers cheat the people by cleaning the gold ornaments by putting
them in the above solution for polishing the ornaments? Justify your answer.

Section-E
Question No. 33 to 36 are long answer questions.
33 Explain the following: 5
(a) Reactivity of Al decreases if it is dipped in HNO3
(b) Carbon cannot reduce the oxides of Mg.
(c) NaCl is not a conductor of electricity in the solid-state whereas it does conduct electricity in
aqueous solution as well as in molten state
(d) Iron articles are galvanised.
(e) Metals like Na, K, Ca and Mg are never found in their free state in nature.
34 (a) Giving one example of each explain how the following metals are obtained from their 5
compounds by the process of reduction:
(i) Metal A which is low in the activity series of metals
(ii) Metal B which is in the middle of the activity series of metals.
(iii) Metal C which is high in the activity series of metals

(b) In the electrolytic refining of metal M name, the cathode,anode, and the electrolyte.
35 A metal ‘M’ is stored under kerosene. It vigorously catches fire, if a small piece of this metal is 5
kept open in air. Dissolution of this metal in water releases great amount of energy and the metal
catches fire. The solution so formed turns red litmus blue.
(a) Name the metal ‘M’.
(b) Write formula of the compound formed when this metal is exposed to air.
(c) Why is metal ‘M’ stored under kerosene?
(d) If oxide of this metal is treated with hydrochloric acid, what would be the products?
36 (a) A metal A, which is used in thermite process when heated with oxygen gives and oxide B, it is 5
amphoteric in nature. Identify A and B and write down the reactions of oxide B with HCl and
NaOH.
(b) A metal M does not liberate Hydrogen with dilute acids but reacts with oxygen to give a black
coloured product. Identify M and black coloured product and also write the reaction of metal M
with oxygen.
(c) Write down the differences between minerals and ores.
Answer

Chapter: -Metals &Non Metals

1 (b) Has low melting point 1

2 (d) TheorefromwhichmetalMisextractedisbauxite. 1

3 (d) (II) and (IV) 1

29
4 (c) Carbon as reducing agent 1

5 (b) Au 1

6 (d) Y is a non-metal and Z is a metal 1

7 (b) CuSO4 1

8 (a) Most reactive: C; Least reactive: B 1

9 (a) Deposited on cathode. 1

10 (d) When current is passed, pure copper from the electrolytic solution deposits at the cathode. 1

11 (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are truesand reason (R) is the correct explanation of 1
assertion(A).
12 (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are trueand reason (R) is the correct explanation of 1
assertion(A).
13 (c)A is true but R is false. 1

14 (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are trueand reason (R) is the correct explanation of 1
assertion(A).
15 (c)A is true but R is false. 1

16 (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are trueand reason (R) is the correct explanation of 1
assertion(A).
17 (c)A is true but R is false. 1

18 (a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are trueand reason (R) is the correct explanation of 1
assertion(A).
19 (a) Ionic Compound. 2

(b)

20 Cu, CuO 2

30
21 Basic copper carbonate is formed when copper combines with damp carbon dioxide in the air, 2
and the bright brown surface of the copper vessel is overlaid by a green coating of copper
carbonate.
Acids present in lemon or tamarind destroys the covering by neutralizing the basic Copper
carbonate.
As a result, to restore their lustre, corroded copper vessels are cleaned with lemon or tamarind
juice.
2Cu(s)+CO2(g)+O2(g)+H2O(l)→CuCO3.Cu(OH)2(s)
22 (a) It is much easier to reduce oxide ore to get metals as carbonate and sulphide ores are not 2
easily reduced.

(b) A protective layer of Aluminium oxide is formed over Aluminium which is very less reactive
substance.
23 (a) Aluminium, Bauxite 3
(b) Electrolytic Reduction
(c)Reaction will take place, as Al is more reactive than iron.
24 (a) Hydrogen. 3
(b) When a burning splinter brought in contact with this gas, it burns with blue flame and pop
sound.
(c) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) →ZnCl2(aq) + H2 (g)
Zn(s) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na2ZnO2( aq) + H2(g)
25 X- Na/KY- Mg 3
Z- Fe
Z<Y<X
26 (a) B 3
(b) Blue colour of copper sulphate will fade.
(c) B > A > C > D
27 (a) 3

Ions present are : Mg2+ and Cl1-

(b) Ionic compounds are solids because the particles which make up ionic compounds are held
together by strong electrostatic bonds.
(c)

28 a) 2ZnS (s)+3O2(g) +Heat→ 2ZnO(s)+2SO2(g) 3

b)

31
 c) Metal- Hg, Nonmetal- Bromine
29 (a) Cinnabar 4
(b) Zinc carbonate is converted to Zinc oxide and carbon dioxide.
(c) (I) Aluminium, Thermite Reaction
(II) Fe2O3 +2Al → Al2O3 +2 Fe + Heat
OR
(c)Sodium is highly reactive than carbon. Sodium is a stronger reducing agent than carbon,so
carbon cannot reduce sodium oxide.
Cathode: Na+ + e → Na

Anode: 2Cl- -2e → Cl2

30 (a) Calcium starts floating because the bubbles of hydrogen gas which are formed during the 4
reaction sticks to the surface of calcium metal.
(b) Sodium
(c) 3Fe (s)+4H2O (g)→Fe3O4(s)+4H2(g)
OR
(c)

31 a) Thin sheet of pure copper 4

b) An aqueous solution of Copper(II)sulphate
c) Anode reaction : Cu → Cu2+ + 2e-
Cathode reaction Cu2+ + 2e- → Cu
OR

c) The principle behind the electrolytic refining of copper is based on the selective deposition of
pure copper from an impure copper anode to a cathode in an electrolytic cell when an electric
current is passed through an acidified copper(II) sulphate solution.
32 a) Gold is one of the less reactive metals. It generally does not react with oxygen, water or acids 4
and loses its lustre. Gold is also very ductile and malleable. Therefore, it is used for making
jewellery.
b) Gold is resistant to oxidation and corrosion due to its inert nature and stability in most
chemical environments.
c) Aqua regia.
Aqua regia is the mixture of 1-part Concentrated Nitric acid and 3- parts of ConcentratedHCl
by volume
OR

c)Yes, the weight of gold reduces drastically when dissolved in aqua regia.

32
33 (a) It forms a layer of aluminium oxide which is passive and makes aluminium less reactive. 5
(b) Mg is stronger reducing agent than carbon.
(c) In aqueous solution as well as in molten state , the ions become loosely bonded and can move
freely.
(d) To prevent it from rusting.

(e) they are highly reactive and reacts with air, moisture and other substances.
34 (a) (i) Obtained by heating in air 5
2HgS +O2 →2HgO + 2SO2
2HgO → 2Hg + O2
(ii) obtained by reduction of its oxide.For example Zinc oxide when heated with carbon,it is
reduced to zinc and carbon monoxide is produced.
ZnO +C → Zn +CO
(iii) by electrolysis when electricity is passed through molten sodium chloride, sodium is
deposited at cathode and chlorine gas is liberated at anode.
2NaCl→ 2Na + Cl2
(b) Cathode: pure M
Anode → impure M
Electrolyte → a water-soluble salt of M
35 a) Sodium 5
b) Na2O
c) Sodium metal is stored in kerosene. It is because it is so reactive that it reacts vigorously with
oxygen of air. It catches fire and starts burning when kept open in the air. Therefore, it is stored in
kerosene to prevent its reaction with oxygen and moisture present in air.
4 Na + O2 → 2Na2O Na2O + H2O →2 NaOH
2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2 + Heat
d) NaCl and H2O
36 (a) A is Aluminium and the oxide is Al2O3 5

(b) Metal M is Copper and black colour oxide is CuO

2Cu + O2 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡→ 2CuO
(c)

33
 Chapter: -Carbon and its Compounds
Section- A
Select and write the most appropriate option out of the four options given for
each of the questions 1 - 10. There is no negative mark for incorrect response.
1 Neha studies that soap solution results in micelle formation, which helps to remove dirt. It has a 1
unique orientation which helps in keeping the dirt out of the water, as shown in the image.
What helps the dirt to rise away?
(a) Suspension of the dirt in the micelles
(b) A collection of water molecules in the Centre of the
micelle.
(c) The attraction between the ionic end and the dirt to remove it.
(d) Mixing of the soap molecules along with the dirt to make it
heavier.

2 The picture shows the incomplete chain structure of a carbon compound. The second carbon atom 1
has two free electrons. How many oxygen atoms can combine with the second carbon atom to
complete the structure?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
3 Ethanol on complete oxidation gives 1

(a) acetic acid/ethanoic acid

(b) CO2 and water
(c) ethanal
(d) acetone/propanone
4 2-Methylpropane gets oxidized with oxidizing agents like alkaline KMnO4 to 1
(a) Isobutane
(b) Tert-butyl alcohol
(c) Secondary-propyl alcohol
(d) All of above
5 Identify the IUPAC name of 1

34
 (a) 2-ethyl-2-methylpropane
(b) 2, 2-dimethylbutane
(c) 1,1,1-trimethylpropane
(d) 2, 2-methylbutane
6 A white shirt has a yellow stain of curry. When soap is rubbed on this shirt during washing, the 1
yellow stain turns reddish-brown. On rinsing the shirt with plenty of water, the reddish-brown
stain turns yellow again.
(i) Soap is acidic in nature.
(ii) Soap is a basic in nature.
(iii) Turmeric is a natural indicator which gives reddish tinge in bases.
(iv) Turmeric is a natural indicator which gives reddish tinge in acids.
Select the correct statements.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iv).
7 In the neighbourhood of your school, hard water required for an experiment is not available. 1
Select from the following groups of salts available in your school, which ifdissolved in distilled
water will make it hard?
(a) Sodium Chloride, AmmoniumChloride
(b) Potassium Chloride, Sodium Chloride
(c) Sodium Chloride, Sodium Acetate
(d) Calcium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride
8 A student added acetic acid to test tubes I, II, III and IV containing the labeled substance and then 1
brought a burning splinter near the mouth of each test tube.
The splinter would be extinguished when brought near the mouth of test tube:

(a) I and II
(b) II and III
(c) III and IV
(d) I and IV
9 On the basis of study of saponification reactions, a group of students noted down the following 1
comments in their notebooks:
(I) The nature of the reaction mixture is basic.
(II) In saponification reactions, heat is evolved.
(III) Saponification reaction is a neutralization reaction.
(IV) Soap is nothing but a salt of fatty acids.
Select the correct comments.
(a) I, II and III
(b) I, II and IV
35
 (c) II, III and IV
(d) III, IV and I
10 A student conducts an activity, where he took a naphthalene ball and burnt it. He observed that it 1
gives a yellow flame with lots of black smoke and sooty deposits around it. What type of
hydrocarbon is it?
(a) Unsaturated, as black smoke represents complete combustion.
(b) Unsaturated, as sooty deposit represents unburnt hydrocarbons.
(c) Saturated, as it gives a yellow flame which represents complete combustion.
(d) Saturated, as the burning of any substance represents a complete combustion.
11 DIRECTION: The following questions (Question No 11 to 18) consist of two statements – 1
Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer the questions selecting the appropriate option given
below:
a) Both A and R are true And R is the correct explanation for A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A.
c) A is true, R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

Assertion (A): Boiling point of pentane is higher than 2,2-dimethylpropane.

Reason (R): There is steady increase in boiling point with increase in molecular mass and
decrease in branch of the carbon chain.
12 Assertion (A): n-Pentane and n-Hexane belong to a homologous series. 1
Reason (R): n-Pentane and n-Hexane belong to the same class of hydrocarbons and they differ
by a - CH2 - group.
13 Assertion (A): Ethanoic acid liberates hydrogen with sodium metal. 1
Reason (R): More reactive sodium displaces hydrogen from ethanoic acid.
14 Assertion (A): IUPAC name of the compound 1

is 2-ethoxy-2-methylethane
Reason(R): In IUPAC nomenclature, ether is regarded as hydrocarbon derivative in which a
hydrogen atom is replaced by - OR or - OAr group [where, R = alkyl group and Ar = aryl group].
15 Assertion (A): Hydrocarbons are very good fuels. 1
Reason (R): The main sources of hydrocarbons are natural gas, petroleum and coal.
16 Assertion(A): Completely pure ethyl alcohol is known as absolute alcohol. 1
Reason(R): Absolute ethanol can be obtained by simple fractional distillation of a mixture of
alcohol and water.
17 Assertion(A): Both soaps and detergents give lather with hard water. 1
Reason(R): Soaps containing RCOONa salt from precipitate with Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions present in
hard water.
18 Assertion(A): Propanone and butanal are functional isomers. 1
Reason(R):Functional isomers have different functional groups.

Section-B
Question No. 19 to 22 are very short answer questions
19 Write the names of the following compounds. 2

36
20 (a) Detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps. Justify the statement. 2
(b) Carbon, the Group (14) element in the Periodic Table, is known to form compounds with
many elements. Write an example of a compound formed with
(i) Chlorine (Group 17 of the periodic table)
(ii) Oxygen (Group 16 of the periodic table)
21 (a) Explain why can not we have isomers of first three members of alkane family. 2
(b) Write the functional group present in carboxylic acid and alcohol.
22 3 mL of ethanol is taken in a test tube and warmed gently in a water bath. A 5% solution of 2
alkaline potassium permanganate is added first drop by drop to the solution.
(i) State the role of alkaline potassium permanganate in this reaction.
(ii) What happens to the colour of KMnO4 added initially and then in excess?
Section-C
Question No. 23 to 28 are short answer questions
23 a) Write the names of the functional groups present in: 3

(b) Draw the structure of ethyl ethanoate.

c) Describe a chemical test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon.
24 What is the role of reagents written on arrows in the given chemical reactions? 3

25 Give reasons for the following observations: 3

(a) The element carbon forms a very large number of compounds.
(b) Acetylene burns with a sooty flame.
(c) Kerosene does not decolorize bromine water while cooking oils do.
26 How would you bring about the following conversions and write the reaction involved 3
(a)Ethanol to Ethene.
(b) Propanol to propanoic acid.
(c)Mention the type of the reaction in aforesaid cases.
27 An organic compound 'X' has the molecular formula C2H4O2. It has a pleasant smell. It does not 3
turn blue litmus red; nor does it give any effervescence with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution.
Predict the compound. Give its structural formula as well as IUPAC name.
28 (a) Give reason: Petrol regarded as a better fuel than kerosene. 3
(b) Draw the structure of an unsaturated cyclic compound having six carbon atoms. Also draw its
electron dot structure.
SECTION - D
Question No. 29 to 32 are case-based/data -based questions.

29 The given figure refers to a chemical reaction taking place in the set up. A sweet fruity smell can 4
be sensed coming out from the test tube.

37
 a) Write the reason behind the fruity smell?
b) State the role of cone. H2SO4 in this reaction.
c) Why is it advised to heat the test-tube in a water bath and not directly?
OR
c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction and write the chemical name of the product
formed.
30 This diagram represents a series of chemical reactions. Observe the cases and answer the 4
following questions :

(a)What change would you observe in the calcium hydroxide solution taken in tube B?
(b) Write the reaction involved in test tubes A and B.
(c) Would you expect the same change if ethanol is given instead of ethanoic acid? Explain.
OR
(c) How can a solution of lime water be prepared in the laboratory?
31 A soap is a water-soluble compound which is made via a process called saponification by the 4
reaction between sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide with vegetable or animal oil
(fats).Detergents are better cleansing agents than soaps because we can use them even with hard
water. Detergents have a more decisive cleansing action than soaps and are more soluble in water
than soaps. The charged ends of detergents do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and
magnesium ions in hard water. When soap is used for washing clothes with hard water, it reacts
with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble precipitate called scum.
Scum sticks to the cloth to be washed, making cleaning clothes difficult.
(a) Mention the functional group present in soap & detergent
(b) Mention the type of chemical reaction observed below and define.

38
 (c)What do you mean by micelles? Write cleansing action of soap.(with diagram)
OR
(c) Write the difference between saponification and esterification reaction.
32 Organic compounds exhibit isomerism. Structural isomerism in organic compounds is basically 4
of 3 types. They are chain isomerism, position isomerism and functional isomerism. The
compounds with bivalent functional groups exhibit another type of isomerism called metamerism.
Metamers differ with respect to the length of the alkyl chains attached to the same functional
group.
(a) Give one example for the metamers of any one functional group.
(b) Give structures and IUPAC names for the chain isomers of hexane.
(c)Name any two functional groups which exhibit metamerism. Metamerism has close
resemblance to one of the three types. Identify that.
OR
(c) Which class of compounds are considered as functional isomers of carboxylic acids? What is
the functional isomer of the first homologue of carboxylic acid which exhibits functional
isomerism?
Section-E
Question No. 33 to 36 are long answer questions.
33 One day, Swati and Sneha were discussing their favourite foods. Swati told Sneha “The smell of 5
paratha or halwa made in ghee always increases my appetite. While normally I eat only one
paratha, but if made in ghee, I have at least two of them”.
Study the chemical equation given below:

(a) Write one

application
of the reaction shown in above reactions.
(b) Unsaturated hydrocarbon shows addition reactions but not saturated hydrocarbon. Why?
(c). An organic compound ' X ' of molecular formula C4​H8​O2​has sweet smell. It can be
hydrolysed with acid or base. On hydrolysis with dilute H2​SO4​, it gives two compounds ' Y ' and
'Z'. ' ' Y ' on oxidation gives compound 'Z. Identify X, Y and Z. Name the reactions and write the
chemical equation of the reactions involved.

34 a) Convert the following 5

i) Ethene to Ethane
ii) Methane to Carbon tetrachloride
iii) Ethanol to Ethanoic acid
b) Read the following statements and answer the given questions
Elements forming ionic compounds attain noble gas configuration by either gaining or losing
electrons from their valence shells.
i) Carbon cannot attain such a configuration in this manner to form its compounds. Why?
ii) Carbon compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity. Why?
35 A compound C of molecular formula C2H4O2 reacts with sodium metal to form a compound R 5
and evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound. Compound C on treatment with an alcohol A in
presence of an acid forms a sweet smelling compound S of molecular formula C3H6O2.On
addition of NaOH to C, it also gives R and S. Identify C,R A,S and write down the reaction
involved.

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36 (a)A compound X has molecular formula C4H10, it undergoes substitution reaction readily than 5
addition reaction. It burns with blue flame and present in LPG.
Identify X and give the balanced equation for its combustion and substitution reaction with
chlorine (2 mol)in presence of sunlight.
(b)Give chemical testto distinguish the presence of ethanol and ethanoic acid. (At least two tests).
Answer
Chapter: - Carbon and its Compounds
1 (a) Suspension of the dirt in the micelles 1

2 (a) One 1

3 (a) acetic acid/ethanoic acid 1

4 (b) Tert-butyl alcohol 1

5 (b) 2, 2-dimethylbutane 1

6 (b) (ii) and (iii) 1

7 (d) Calcium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride 1

8 (a) I and II 1

9 (b) I, II and IV 1

10 (b) Unsaturated, as sooty deposit represents unburnt hydrocarbons. 1

11 (a)Both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion. 1

12 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A. 1

13 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A. 1

14 (d) A is false but R is true. 1

15 (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A. 1

16 (c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false 1

17 (d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true 1

18 (d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true 1

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19 (a) Pentanoic acid 2
(b) Butyne
(c) Heptanal
(d) Pentanol
20 (a) Detergents are better than soaps because they are less affected by hard water, as the 2
hydrocarbon chains in detergents do not precipitate with calcium, magnesium and other metal
ions.
(b) (i) CCl4
(ii) CO2
21 (a) First three members of alkane family are methane (CH4), ethane (CH3−CH3) and propane 2
(CH3−CH2−CH3). Since there is no scope for branching in alkanes having upto three carbon
atoms, therefore no isomerism is possible.
(b) Functional groups for the following are:
carboxylic acid: − COOHand alcohol: − OH
22 (a) Potassium permanganate adds oxygen to the ethanol and converts ethanol to an acid. The acid 2
formed in the reaction is acetic acid.
(b) Initially when alkaline potassium permanganate is added drop by drop to ethanol solution, the
purple colour of alkaline potassium permanganate disappears.
When KMnO4 added in excess, primary alcohol (ethanol) oxidised to carboxylic acid. On further
addition, there will be no colour change as there is no alcohol to oxidise.
23 (i)Ketone (ii)Aldehyde 3
(b)

(c) Bromine water test is usually used to

differentiate between the unsaturated
compounds (like alkenes and alkynes) and saturated compounds (like alkanes). Unsaturated
compounds decolorize the reddish-brown color of bromine water whereas saturated hydrocarbon
does not decolorize bromine water solution.
24 (a) A metal catalyst such as nickel or Pd/C is used in hydrogenation of alkenes. This metal 3
catalyst is used to adsorb the alkene and hydrogen gas onto the surface.
(b) Thus concentrated sulphuric acid is added. It is a catalyst which will speed up the process and
esterification will proceed speedily and complete on time. Also concentrated sulphuric acid has a
property to remove water. Therefore, it also acts as a dehydrating agent.
(c) Alkaline KMnO4plays the role of an oxidizing agent in the reaction involving the conversion
of an alcohol to corresponding carboxylic acid.
25 (a) The element, carbon, forms a large number of carbon compounds because of its property of 3
self-combination (catenation). The ability of one carbon atom to combine with the many other
carbon atoms to form long chains produces a large number of carbon compounds.
(b) Unsaturated hydrocarbons, such as acetylene have a high percentage of carbon. They have a
higher percentage of carbon as compared to corresponding alkanes and alkenes. When acetylene
is burnt in air, it does not get completely oxidized, thereby producing a sooty flame.
(c)Kerosene does not decolourise bromine water while cooking oil does because cooking oilsS
are unsaturated while kerosene is saturated carbon compound. unstaturated carbon chains are
capable of decolourising bromine water while saturated carbon chain cannot decolourise bromine
water.
26 (a) 3

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 (b)

(c)Elimination & oxidation respectively.

27 3

Structure I is that of a carboxylic acid, ethanoic acid.

Since the compound X does not turn blue litmus red and also does not give effervescence with
NaHCO3 solution, it cannot be an acid.
As the compound has a pleasant smell, it will be an ester with structure II. The IUPAC name of
the compound is Methylmethanoate.
28 (a) In petrol, the combustion of hydrocarbons present is complete and they burn with blue flame. 3
However, in kerosene, the combustion is not complete. It burns with smoky flame accompanied
by the release of unburnt carbon atoms. Therefore, petrol is regarded as a better fuel than
kerosene.

29 (a)Alcohol when reacts with acid they produce ester which have fruity smell. 4
(b)It is a catalyst which will speed up the process and esterification will proceed speedily and
complete on time. Also concentrated sulphuric acid has a property to remove water. Therefore, it
also acts as a dehydrating agent.
(c)The water bath will help the ester to get separated from the alcohol and the acids so that we
can obtain the pure ester at the end of the process.Directheating is associated with fire hazards.
Heating the reaction mixture indirectly in a water bath achieves uniform heating with less fire
hazard.
OR
(c) Ester,

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30 (a) Calcium hydroxide solution in test tube B will become milky due to the formation of calcium 4
carbonate.
(b) Reaction in test tube A:
2CH3​COOH + Na2CO3 ​→ 2CH3​COONa + CO2 + H2​O
Reaction in test tube B:
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ​→ CaCO3 ​+ H2​O
(c) If ethanol is given instead of ethanoic acid, similar changes won’t be observed because
ethanol does not react with sodium carbonate.
OR
(c) First, take distilled water in a beaker and mix calcium oxide powder. After stirring entirely,
wait till the mixture settles down. Decant the clear liquid from the beaker. This liquid is lime
water.
31 (a) -COONa& -SO3Na 4
(b)Saponification: Hydrolysis of esters in presence of base.
(c)Micelles can be defined as spherical molecularaggregatesformed by soap molecules when
dissolved in water.
Cleansing action of soap: Soap is a kind of molecule in which both the ends have different
properties.
● Hydrophilic end
● Hydrophobic end
The first one is the hydrophilic end which dissolves in water and is attracted to it whereas the
second one is the hydrophobic end that is dissolved in hydrocarbons and is water repulsive in
nature. If on the surface of the water, soap is present then the hydrophobic tail which is not
soluble in water will align along the water surface.If agitated forms micelle,which can be washed
away by water.
Micelles

OR

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 (c) In the esterification reactions, esters are produced while in the saponification reactions, soaps
are produced. The esterification reaction is mainly the reaction between an acid and an alcohol
while saponification reaction is mainly hydrolysis of ester.
32 (a) Ketones, Diethyl ketone is the metamer of methyl propyl ketone. 4
(b)

2-Methylpentane

3-Methylpentane
(c) Ether, ketone and ester are bivalent functional groups. All of these compounds exhibit
metamerism. Metamerism is much similar to position isomerism.
OR
(c)Esters are the functional isomers of carboxylic acids. The first homologue of carboxylic acids
which exhibits functional isomerism was ethanoic acid. The functional isomer of ethanoic acid is
methyl methanoate. It’s the ester formed between methanoic acid and methyl alcohol.
33 (a) Hydrogenation of vegetable oil. 5
(b) Unsaturated hydrocarbons are more reactive due to the presence of double bonds and triple
bonds which are weaker than the single bond in saturated hydrocarbons. These double and triple
bonds are the reactive sites in the unsaturated hydrocarbons which easily give addition reactions.
(c) X-Ethyl ethanoate, Y- Ethanol, Z-Ethanoic acid
Saponification
+
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O 𝐻 → CH3COOH + C2H5OH
34 5
(a)

(b)

(c)
Carbon has 4 electrons in
its outermost shell. It cannot
lose 4 electrons to form C4+
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 because very high energy is required to remove 4 electrons.lt cannot gain 4 electrons to form C4-
ions because it is difficult for 6 protons to hold on to 10 electrons
Carbon compounds are covalent in nature. Covalent compounds do not dissociate into ions in
aqueous solution and also it does not have free electrons. Since there is no flow of charge, it is a
poor conductor of electricity
35 ● Here Compound 'C' is Ethanoic acid which is known to have a molecular formula 5
● It reacts with sodium to form Sodium ethanoate which is denoted as the compound 'R' and
the evolved hydrogen gas during the reaction burns with a pop sound.

● Further, when Ethanoic acid reacts with methanol in the presence of an acid, it forms
methyl ethanoate ester which is a sweet-smelling substance with the molecular
formula, C3H6O2.
Here, compound S is Methylethanoate and A is Methanol.
The chemical equation related to the above reaction can be given as
CH3COOH (aq)+ CH3OH H+ CH3COOCH3(aq)+ H2O(l)
When sodium hydroxide is added to ethanoic acid, it gives Sodium ethanoate (S) and water.
● The chemical equation related to the above reaction can be given as

When Methyl ethanoate(S) is treated with NaOH solution, it gives back Methanol and Sodium
ethanoate as compounds A and R respectively.
● The chemical equation related to the above reaction can be given as:

Therefore-

36 (a)The compound X is butane. 5

Balanced equation for combustion of butane.
2𝐶4𝐻10+13O2→8𝐶𝑂2+10𝐻2𝑂
Substitution reaction with 𝐶𝑙2 in the presence of sunlight.
𝐶4𝐻10+𝐶𝑙2→𝐶4𝐻9𝐶𝑙+𝐻𝐶𝑙
𝐶4𝐻9𝐶𝑙+𝐶𝑙2→𝐶4𝐻8𝐶𝑙2+𝐻𝐶𝑙
The substitution reaction continues until all H is replaced by Cl if more chlorine is available.

(b)

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Reaction-
CH3COOH(aq) + NaHCO3 (s)→ CH3COONa(aq)+ H2O(l) +CO2 (g)
(brisk effervescence of carbon dioxide gas)
2ROH+2Na→ 2RONa+H2

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