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Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
Misamis Street, Bago-Bantay, Quezon City

UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS

(USLeM)

INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS, AND IMMERSIONS

Week 1
Writer/Layout/Illustrator Language Editor
Dr. Jaypee G. Casipit Cedenia F. Fadriquela

Content Validators
Virgilio D. Alcayde
John Keeneth M. Ferrrera

MANAGEMENT TEAM
Dr. Malcolm S. Garma
Regional Director

Dr. Genia V. Santos Ms. Charito A. Villanueva

Chief, CLMD EPS, CLMD-ALS

Mr. Dennis M. Mendoza Ms. Nancy C. Mabunga

EPS, CLMD – LRMS Librarian II, CLMD-LRMS

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 12 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS & IMMERSIONS
__________________________________________________________________________________
LESSON: PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DATA

EXPECTATIONS
This supplementary learning material will help you to:
• identify different techniques in presenting quantitative and qualitative data; and
• use the appropriate techniques in presenting and interpreting quantitative and
qualitative data.

PRETEST
Directions: Read the following questions below. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
sheet of paper.
1. What technique of presentation of data is described as words, statements, or
paragraphs with numerals and numbers to represent the data?
A. graphical C. tabular
B. outlining D. textual

2. Which of the following techniques portrays the visual presentation of data using
symbols?
A. graphical C. tabular
B. outlining D. textual

3. If you were to present the result of the Focused Group Discussion you
conducted for your qualitative research, what kind of techniques should you use?
A. graphical C. tabular
B. outlining D. textual

4. During the Final Defense, a research panel member asked you a question, “Can you
show us the change or trend of your study from the day you commenced to its
culmination time?” What would you present in front to answer the question from the
panel member?
A. bar graph C. pie graph
B. line graph D. vertical graph

5. Below is the Profile of the Respondents According to Sex. Which of the following
presentations is correct?
A. Male Female C.

76 or 30% 178 or 70% F

M
70%
70%
B. D.

Female
Male

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 12 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS & IMMERSIONS
__________________________________________________________________________________
LOOKING BACK

Directions: In the previous lesson, you learned that data collection is a process of
collecting and measuring information in a defined systematic fashion on variables of
interest. Read and analyze the research abstract below and answer the guide questions
that follow.

Like I hope me too: The SHS Learners’ Concept of “Sana ol”

Jaypee G. Casipit, Ph. D
Abstract: The term “sana ol” is commonly utters by any walks of life here in the
Philippines. To further understand it and its connotations, several interviews were held
with those who utter this expression and those who don’t. They were asked for their
definition and opinions about the term. Interview responses were analyzed and, together
with previous knowledge from a variety of sources, were used to create a list of ideas and
ideas that could help form new ideas about the meaning of “sana ol”. As an exploratory
study, no conclusion can be made on the general definition of “sana ol”, rather, it is
revealed that the term “sana ol’ is an expression of SHS learners who heard or saw
things, people, situation, etc. and eventually wished they can have it too. Also, “sana ol”
has been used with a variety of positive and negative traits, including, but not limited to,
“envy’ or “jealousy”, “hopeful”, and “being positive”. The term continues to be used
differently by many and can be considered a social construct unique language construct
to all. These concepts gathered by the study may be used in future quantitative studies
to obtain more generalized opinions based on numerical data from a population sample.

Guide Questions:

1. What are the types of data gathered in the research abstract presented?

2. What data collection methods are used in the study?

3. Identify the research instruments used by the researcher in collecting data.

4. Do the research tools and data collection procedures match in obtaining empirical data
for the study? Why or why not? Explain.

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 12 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS & IMMERSIONS
__________________________________________________________________________________
BRIEF INTRODUCTION

• To create and present an organized picture of information from a research report, it is

important to use certain techniques to communicate findings and interpretations of
research into visual form.
• The common techniques being used to display results are tabular, textual, and
graphical methods.
• Textual Presentation of Data
Textual presentations use words, statements, or paragraphs with numbers to describe
data.

Example:
Figure 1 shows the sex profile of the respondents. 76 or 30% are males,
and 178 or 70% are females. Studies have examined gender differences in online
teaching. Aydin’s (2005) study in Budharani and Wang (2019) found out that
gender had no effect on faculty’s perception of roles and competencies. However,
Brigg’s (2005) in Martin, Budharani and Wang (2019) found out the gender specific
differences in perceptions of the importance of the online teaching roles and
competencies. In a study by Shea (2007) in Martin, Budharani and Wang (2019)
found out the differences in gender pertaining to motivations to teach online. In
other studies, as cited by Martin, Budharani and Wang (2019), men rated their
ability to use instructional technology higher than women did, both genders had
similar frequencies of technology use.

Source: Casipit, J.G. (2021). Secondary School Teachers and Instructional Competencies on the
learning delivery modalities: a development plan in the new normal [Unpublished dissertation]. Universidad De
Manila

• Tabular Presentation of Data

Tables present clear and organized data. A table must be clear and simple but
complete.

A good table should include the following parts:

Table number and title - these are placed above the table. The title is usually
written right after the table number.

Caption subhead – this refers to columns and rows.

Body - it contains all the data under each subhead.

Source – it indicates if the data is secondary and should be acknowledged.

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 12 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS & IMMERSIONS
__________________________________________________________________________________
Example for tabular presentation of data
Table 1
Level of readiness of the respondents in terms of online distance learning
No Weighted Level of
Indicators
Mean Readiness
1 I contact my learners regularly. 4.15 Ready
Agree
2 I make sure to have an e-mail response policy. 3.75 Ready
Agree
3 I develop online cooperation and collaboration among 4.07 Ready
learners. Agree
I use chats and discussion forums that 4.32 Strongly
4 encourage learners to communicate with one Strongly Agree Ready
another.
5 I establish a buddy system in which two learners’ pair 3.50 Ready
up for mutual help. Agree
I hold question and answer sessions 4.02
6 online that give learners the opportunity to find out Agree Ready
more about certain topics.
I use various platforms like Zoom, Google Meet. 3.48
7 Microsoft Live, and/or Stream Yard. Agree Ready
8 I set up an active learning environment. 4.00 Ready
Agree
I produce an interactive web page for learner use. 3.13 Moderately
9 Neither agree Ready
nor disagree
I set up an automated response to inform learners 3.46
10 that their work has been received. Agree Ready
Overall Mean 3.79 Ready
Agree
Source: Casipit, J.G. (2021). Secondary School Teachers and Instructional Competencies on the learning delivery modalities:
a development plan in the new normal [Unpublished dissertation]. Universidad De Manila

• Tabular Presentation with Textual Analysis

Indicated in Table 1 is the level of readiness of the respondent-teachers on online
distance learning. The respondents strongly agreed that they use chats and discussion
forums that encourage learners to communicate with one another with a mean of 4.32
interpreted as strongly ready. They agreed on contacting their learners regularly (4.15)
interpreted as ready; they make sure to have an email response policy (3.75)
interpreted as ready; they develop online cooperation and collaboration among
learners (4.07) interpreted as ready; they establish a buddy system in which two
learners’ pair up for mutual help (3.50) interpreted as ready; hold question and answer
sessions online that give learners the opportunity to find out more about certain topics
(4.02) interpreted as ready; they use various platforms like Zoom, Google Meet.
Microsoft Live, and/or Stream Yard (3.48) interpreted as ready; they set up an active
learning environment (4.00) interpreted as ready, and they set up an automated
response to inform learners that their work has been received (3.46) interpreted as
ready. They neither agree nor disagree on setting up an active learning environment
interpreted as moderately ready.
Source: Casipit, J.G. (2021). Secondary School Teachers and Instructional Competencies on the learning delivery
modalities: a development plan in the new normal [Unpublished dissertation]. Universidad De Manila

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 12 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS & IMMERSIONS
__________________________________________________________________________________
• Graphical Method of Presenting Data
A graph or chart portrays the visual presentation of data using symbols such as lines,
dots, bars, or slices. It depicts the trend of a certain set of measurements or shows a
comparison between two or more sets of data or quantities.
• Line graph
A line graph is a graphical presentation of data that shows a continuous change of
trend. It may show an ascending or descending trend.

Figure 1. Number of Families

• Bar Graph
A bar graph uses bars (horizontal or vertical) to compare categories of data.

Figure 2. Seminars Attended in Digital Literacy

• Pie Charts or Circle Graphs

A pie chart is usually used to show parts of a whole compare to each other and the
whole.

Figure 3. Civil Status of the Respondents

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 12 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS & IMMERSIONS
__________________________________________________________________________________
ACTIVITIES
Activity 1: True or False
Directions: Read the following questions below. Write TRUE if the statement is correct. Write
FALSE if not. Use the space provided for your answer.

_____1. The Tabular forms can stand alone even without their supporting texts.
_____2. The Bar graph is used in presenting the change or trend of a certain variable.
_____3. If you want to present the profile of respondents according to gender, you can use
the tabular presentation technique.
_____4. The lines and slices can be classified as symbols.
_____5. A good table should include symbols like dots and bars.

Activity 2: What’s on your mind?

Directions: Analyze the given table below, then, write your interpretation by answering the
questions that follow.
Table 2
Level of instructional competencies of the respondents when
grouped according to their profile

Questions:

1. What does the table show?

2. What statistical tool is used?

3. What can be gleaned from the results?

Activity 3: From Text to Table

Directions: Read the transcript below and use a table in presenting the data. You can use a
separate sheet of paper for your answers.

Indicated in Table 2 are the experiences of fifteen (15) teacher - participants as to the
variables of the study. Four themes were identified based on the participants’ answers,
namely, Physical experience, as responded by P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P9; Immediacy of
experience was also seen in the responses articulated by P6 and P10; Virtual Experiences
were significantly more from the responses of P7, P8, P11, P12, P13, and P15; and Mental
experience was also seen as this was transcribed from the answer of P15.
The first question in an interview sought from the participants was their encounters in
distance learning modalities. The following are selected quotes from several participants,
outlining their answers:

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 12 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS & IMMERSIONS
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P1: I learn the hardship of my students just to study and to cope up with their situation
in life, not all students are capable to buy cellphone and load but they made it possible
because they want to finish their studies.”

P2: “The devices used and the internet connectivity.”

P3: “Absences due to lack of gadget and signal. Natural tiredness of the
Students.”
P4: “In the distance learning modalities most of my students are making but their
attendance at the middle of the discussion they disappear.”
P5: “There are some challenges in maintaining good attendance among the
students.”

REMEMBER
There are techniques in presenting and interpreting data:
• Tabular Presentation
• Tabular Presentation with (Textual Analysis, Numerical, and Statistical)
• Graphical Method of presenting the data
• line graph
• bar graph (horizontal and vertical)
• Pie charts or circle graphs

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING:

Directions: Read the interpretations below and use the appropriate presentation.

Indicated in Table 4 are the five themes that emerged were inspiring students to be
more self-directed as articulated by P1, P4, P8, and P14 and working too many roles at the
same time as answered by P2, P9, P13, and P15 got the equal number of three participants.
Meanwhile, applying prescribed curriculum to all types of students placed third among
challenges encountered by participants 3, 6 and 7. Lacking of parental support and internet
connectivity as articulated by P5 and P 11 and getting burnt out, which was told by P10 and
P12.

What kind of presentation is appropriate for the above interpretations?

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 12 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS & IMMERSIONS
__________________________________________________________________________________
POSTTEST
Directions: Read and analyze each statement carefully. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.

1. What is the correct presentation of the data that reveals parts of a whole?
A. bar graph C. line graph
B. circle graph D. tabular

2. Mary is planning to present the profile of respondents. What will she use?
A. bar graph C. pie graph
B. line graph D. table

3. Ms. Tony told Lee to compare the increase of the percentages between pretest and
posttest. What presentation does Lee have to prepare?
A. bar graph C. pie graph
B. line graph D. table

4. Mr. De Castro wanted to know if there are changes in the trend of virus transmission
from March to December 2020 in the Philippines. What data presentation would be
applicable to use?
A. bar graph C. pie graph
B. line graph D. table

5. Which of the following is NOT applicable in a quantitative data presentation?

A. linear C. statistical
B. numerical D. textual

REFERENCES

Casipit, J.G. (2021). Secondary School Teachers and Instructional Competencies on the
learning delivery modalities: a development plan in the new normal [Unpublished
dissertation]. Universidad De Manila

Garcia M. (2021). Visualizing angles, triangles, and quadrilaterals [PowerPoint slides]

https://www.stabular-and-graphlideshare.net/mjlobetos/lesson-26-presenting-and-
interpreting-data-in-ical-froms

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 UNIFIED SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS
Grades 12 – INQUIRIES, INVESTIGATIONS & IMMERSIONS
__________________________________________________________________________________
ANSWER KEY

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