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Practical Research 2
Quarter 2 – Module 5
Data Presentation and Interpretation
Practical Research 2 – Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 5: Data Presentation and Interpretation

First Edition, 2020

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Learning Competencies: Presents and interprets data in tabular and graphical forms (CS_RS12-IId-g-2).

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

 interpret the tables and graphs following the suggested guidelines
 presents data in tabular and graphical forms

Lesson 1: Introduction: Data Presentation and

Interpretation

What is it
Data presentation and analysis is one of the most essential part in your research study. An
excellent data presentation can be potential for winning the hearts of the panelists, clients, or simply the
readers. No matter how good your data, if it is not well presented, you will not be able to earn the
preferences of those whom you are trying to persuade. Good data presentation matters.

Techniques in Data Processing

Remember to organize your data based on your research questions. The data processing involves
three actions: editing, coding, and tabulation.
Editing is a process wherein the collected data are checked. At this stage, handling data with
honesty should be employed. When you edit it is expected that you will not change, omit, or makeup
information if you think that the data you collected is insufficient or does not meet your personal
expectations. The main purpose of editing is for checking the consistency, accuracy, organization, and
clarity of the data collected. Data editing can be done manually like traditional tallying or with the assistance
of a computer or combination of both.
Coding is a process wherein the collected data are categorized and organized. It is usually done in
qualitative research. In quantitative research, coding is done to assign numerical value to specific indicator
especially if it is qualitative in nature. This numerical value will be useful when you are going to analyze
your data using statistical tool.
Tabulation is a process of arranging data. In many studies, table is used to do this process.
Tabulation can done manually or electronically using MS Excel. Again organize the data based on your
research questions. Before inputting your data into the table, it will be helpful to review your statistics class
on how to arrange data according to the statistical techniques you will use. Take note that the digital tool
you are going to use will also matter on how you are going to tabulate your data; like MS Excel, Minitab,
or other digital tools have different ways of entering your data. Correct arrangement of your data will be
helpful during actual data analysis.
Presentation and Interpretation of Data
The next step after editing, coding, and tabulating the data is to present them into graphical or
visual presentation called non-prose materials. The purpose of presenting the data in this way is to make
the outlined of the results more presentable. Non-prose materials are composed of graphs, bars, tables,
charts, diagrams, illustrations, drawings, and maps. .
In quantitative research, tables and graphs are usually used. Standard format in presenting the data
into a table or a graph like its title, labels, contents, and many more can be followed as well when school
institutional format is not provided or identified.
 What’s More
Directions: Identify the terms being defined.
1. _______ are composed of graphs, bars, tables, charts, diagrams, illustrations, drawings, and maps.
2. It is a process of arranging data into a table which can be done manually or electronically using
MS Excel.
3. A process wherein the collected data are categorized and organized.
4. ______ is a process wherein the collected data are checked for consistency, accuracy, organization,
and clarity.

Lesson 2: Tables

What is it

Tables
Table helps summarize and categorize data using columns and rows. It contains headings that
indicate the most important information about your study.
To interpret the tables, one needs to do the following:
1. Analyze the connections among the details of the headings.
2. Check the unusual pattern of the data and determine the reason behind these.
3. Begin with the table number and the title.
4. Present the significant figures (overall results, high and low values, the unusual pattern).
5. Refrain from repeating again what’s inside the table.
6. Support your findings with literature and studies that confirms or contrasts your results.
7. Establish the practical implications of the results. This will add value to your research
findings.
8. End with a brief generalization.

Sample Interpretation for the Given Table

Table 3. Correlation Analysis of Positive Discipline and Sense of Belonging

Variables Sense of Belongingness Interpretation

Classroom Pearson
.973
Interaction Correlation Significant
p .000**
Use of Pearson
.073
Reinforcement Correlation Not Significant
p .663
*p<.05, **p<.01
Table 3 shows that there is a significant relationship between the classroom interaction that facilitates positive
discipline and sense belonging (r = .973, p = 0.000). The feeling of being safe and welcome in school is significantly related
to how the teachers manage classroom interaction. This result is supported by the early studies on classroom management by
Brophy and Avertson (1976) that though variety of teaching behaviors affect effective teaching; classroom management
appeared to be one of the most critical aspects as viewed by students.

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 What’s More

Directions: Write a brief interpretation of the table below following the suggested guidelines.(4pts.)

Table 1. Frequency and Percentage Distribution of Student’s Overall Performance in Pre-

Calculus Pretest

Student’s Overall Performance f %

Outstanding 2 5
Very Satisfactory 15 30
Satisfactory 33 66
Unsatisfactory 0 0
Poor 0 0
Total 50 100

Lesson 3: Graphs

What is it
Graphs
Graphs focuses on how a change in one variable relates to another. Graphs use bars, lines, circles,
and pictures in representing the data. In interpreting the graph, it is the same process in table. In choosing
what type of graph to use, determine the specific purpose of the presentation. Line Graph illustrates trends
and changes in data over time, Bar Graph illustrates comparisons of amounts and quantities, while Pie
Graph (Circle Graph) displays the relationship of parts to a whole.

Sample Interpretation of a Bar Graph

Figure 1. GRSHS-X Canteen Lunch Me

Figure 1 shows the canteen lunch menu of GRSHS-X. The graph reveals that rice is highly
patronized by the students and teachers with 150 cups sold daily. It can also be noted that pork
and chicken menus have a good number of buyers (315 serve/pieces). Vegetable menus cannot
be undervalued since several consumers (135 serve/pieces) also patronized the food. At the
same time, seafood menus earn the last spot (50 serve/pieces sold). Generally, students and
faculty of GRSHS-X preferred meat (pork and chicken) menus next to rice.

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Sample Interpretation of a Line Graph

Sample Interpretation of a Pie Graph

Figure 3 showed the result of the survey conducted to Grade 7 students when asked about their dream job.
From the graph, forty percent (40%) and thirty percent (30) of the participants wanted to become a doctor and an
engineer, respectively with just thirty percent (30%) left for other professions. Only about five percent (5%) wanted
to become a teacher. From the data, more than 70% of the Grade 7 students will likely pursue STEM strand courses
when they graduate in high school.

What’s More

Direction: Interpret the graph following the guidelines in interpreting the graph. (4pts)

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 Assessment

Directions: Choose the best answer from the given choices.

1. Which of the following is a graph that uses a line to represent data?

A. A vertical graph B. A pie chart C. A line graph D. A bar chart

2. Which of the following data processing techniques refers to ordering the data into a table?
A. Arrangement B. Tabulation C. Editing D. Coding

3. Which graph uses vertical bars to represent data?

A. vertical graph B. pie chart C. line graph D. bar graph

4. A process wherein the collected data are checked for consistency, accuracy, organization,
and clarity.
A. Coding B. Editing C. Tabulation D. Arrangement

5. Which of the following data processing techniques wherein the collected data are
categorized and organized. Labeling using numbers and symbols are also applied.
A. Coding B. Editing C. Tabulation D. Arrangement

6. A non-prose materials that helps condense and classify information using columns and
rows.
A. Tables B. A pie chart C. A line graph D. A bar chart

7. ________ are bits of information or facts known by everyone.

A. Questionnaire B. Data C. Tests D. Tables

8. Which of the following is a graph that uses pie slices to show relative sizes of data?
A. A vertical graph B. A pie graph C. A line graph D. A bar graph

9. Which of the following is a graph that refers to a graphical representation of data, quantities
or numbers using bars or strips.
A. A vertical graph B. A pie chart C. A line graph D. A bar graph

10. _______ are composed of graphs, bars, tables, charts, diagrams, illustrations,
drawings, and maps.
A. Non-prose materials B. Questionnaires C. Tables D. Graphs

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 Answer Sheet

Name: __________________________________________________________
Grade & Section: ________________ Score: _______

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Quarter 2 – Module 5

Assessment
Lesson 1
What’s More 1. 6.
1.
2. 2. 7.
3. 3. 8.
4.
4. 9.
5. 10.

Lesson 2
What’s More
Interpretation:

Lesson 3
What’s More
Interpretation:

But Jesus looked at them and said, “With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible.”
Matthew 19:26
Congratulations! You made it! 😊 Keep it up!

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 Answer Key

10. A 5. A
9. D 4. B
8. B 3. D
7. B 2. B Answer may vary
6. A 1. C What’s More
Assessment Lesson 3

Answer may vary

What’s More
Lesson 2

Editing 4.
Coding 3.
Tabulation 2.
Non-prose materials 1.
What’s More
Lesson 1

Quarter 2 - Module 5

References

Barrot, Jessie S. Practical Research 2 for Senior High School. Quezon City, Philippines: C & E Publishing,
Inc., 2017.

Fraenkel, Jack R. and Wallen, Norman E. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. Asia: Mc-
Graw Hill Companies, Inc., 2006.

Fraenkel, Jack R. and Wallen, Norman E. 2020. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education. 6th
ed., McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Accessed June 3, 2020. https://bit.ly/3eBIVrs