Module 3: Organic farming and Waste management

1.Introduction:

Organic farming:

Organic farming is a method of agriculture that avoids synthetic substances and

instead uses natural processes and resources to grow crops.

• In this the dairy faming is one the organic farming which is very trending and profitable
farming. Dairy farming is an agricultural practice that involves raising livestock, such as
cows, buffaloes, sheep, and goats, to produce milk and dairy products. Dairy farmers
focus on managing the health and welfare of their animals to ensure they produce the
highest quality and quantity of milk possible. The milk is then processed into dairy
products like cheese, butter, yogurt, cream, and curd.
• We are visit the dairy farm present near Kotturu in Karnataka. This is big dairy farm in
near Kotturu and they have more than 84 cows and around 20 buffaloes. They produce
around 400ltrs milk per day.

Waste management:

Waste management is the process of managing waste from its creation to its disposal or
recovery.

• The goal of waste management is to reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills
and to minimize the environmental impact. Waste management is important for
sustainable development and the transition to a circular economy.
2. Executive summary:
Organic farming, in the European Union more commonly known as ecological farming
or biological farming, is an agricultural system that uses fertilizers of organic origin such
as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal and places emphasis on techniques
such as crop rotation and companion planting. It originated early in this 20th century in
reaction of to rapidly changing farming of practices. Certified organic agriculture accounts for
70 million hectares globally, with over half of that total in Australia.

Organic farming continues to the be developed by the various organizations today.

Biological pest of control, mixed of cropping and the fostering of insect predators are
encouraged. Organic is standards are Vegetables from ecological farming designed to allow
the use of naturally-occurring substances while prohibiting or strictly limiting synthetic
substances. For instance, naturally-occurring pesticides such as pyrethrin are permitted, while
synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are generally prohibited. Synthetic substances that are
allowed include, for example, copper sulfate, elemental sulfur and Ivermectin. Genetically
modified organisms, nanomaterials, human sewage sludge, plant growth regulators,
hormones, and antibiotic use in livestock husbandry are prohibited. Organic farming
advocates claim and independence, health, food security, and food safety.

Dairy products or milk products, also known as lacticinia, are food products made from (or
containing) milk. The most common dairy animals are cow, water buffalo, nanny goat, and ewe.
Dairy products include common grocery store food around the world such as yogurt, cheese,
milk and butter.

A waste management system is a streamlined process that organizations use to dispose of,
reduce, reuse, and prevent waste. Also known as waste disposal, it is an approach where
companies implement comprehensive strategies to efficiently manage wastes from their origin
until their final disposal.
3.Body:

Organic farming:

Organic farming, also known as ecological farming or biological farming, is a method of

agriculture that uses natural processes and resources to produce food. It aims to preserve the
environment and produce healthier food by avoiding the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides,
and genetically modified organisms.

Organic farming practices include:

• Using organic fertilizers: Organic farmers use fertilizers made from organic materials
like compost manure, bone meal, and green manure.

• Crop rotation and companion planting: These techniques are used in organic farming.

• Cover crops: These crops are planted to protect the soil from erosion and add organic
matter.

• Compost: Compost adds nutrients and beneficial microbes to the soil.

In India, the National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF) is a central sector scheme that has
been ongoing since the 10th Five Year Plan. PGS-India (Participatory Guarantee System of
India) is another initiative that emphasizes the participation of stakeholders in the organic
farming process.
Dairy farming:

Dairy farming is a type of agriculture that involves the care and feeding of cattle to produce
milk and dairy products. Dairy farmers focus on the health, welfare, and milk production of their
animals to get the best quality and quantity of milk possible.

Dairy farming requires detailed programs for herd health, reproduction, and calf care, in addition
to nutrition and financial aspects. Some tips for dairy farming include:

➢ Providing animals with plenty of fresh clean water every day

➢ Adding a pinch of salt to the drinking water to provide minerals
➢ Ensuring animals have a comfortable place to lay and get up and down from
➢ Using a nutritionist to visit the farm once a week to look at the cows' body condition,
milk components, and production.
Importance of dairy farming:

Milk is a wholesome food among all the animal products. It contains in proper proportions
the various essential food ingredients required by human body in an easily digestible form.
Inclusion of milk in the human diet increases the digestibility of other types of food as well. The
productivity of milk varies in different countries, as some countries are surplus in production,
some are deficit in production, and in some of the countries, availability matches their
requirement.

In India, milk is produced by a vast number of small, medium and large-sized farms. There is
exponential growth in the number of the commercial dairy farms in the urban and semi-urban
areas of the metros and big cities.

Dairy farming is important for many reasons, including:

• Food security

Dairy farming is a key contributor to global food security. Milk and dairy products are a good
source of protein and minerals, and are essential for a healthy diet.

• Economic benefits

Dairy farming can provide a regular income for farmers through milk production, sales of
animals, and manure sales. It can also provide non-marketed benefits, such as manure for use as
fuel or fertilizer.

• Employment

Dairy farming is a major source of employment, especially in rural areas. In India, 8.4 million
farmers depend on the dairy sector for their livelihoods.

• Socio-economic transformation

Dairy farming can help transform the socio-economic status of communities. For example, in the
UK, dairy farmers are an important part of the local economy, helping to sustain local shops,
markets, and post offices.

• Environmental benefits

Well-managed dairy farming can improve soil health. Hedgerows created to divide grazing
pastures for dairy cattle can also provide shelter for livestock and create habitats for farmland
wildlife.
 Dairy is a universal agricultural production: people milk dairy animals in almost every
country across the world, and up to one billion people live on dairy farms. 1 It is a vital part of
the global food system and it plays a key role in the sustainability of rural areas in particular.

Economic growth of dairy production in India:

India's dairy industry is growing rapidly, and is expected to continue to do so in the coming
years:
• Market size
The dairy industry in India was worth INR 16,792.1 billion in 2023, and is expected to grow to
INR 49,953.5 billion by 2032.
• Milk production
India is the world's largest producer of milk, contributing over 22% of the global total. Milk
production in India has grown at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6% over the past
decade.
• Exports
India's dairy exports are growing, with major destinations including the United Arab Emirates,
Saudi Arabia, the USA, Singapore, and Bhutan.
• Revenue growth
Crisil Ratings expects the dairy industry to see revenue growth of 13-14% in the 2024-25
financial year.
• Government support
The government is supporting dairy development through initiatives that are expected to drive
the industry's growth.
 Other factors that are contributing to the dairy industry's growth include: technological
innovation, improved cold chain infrastructure, enhanced retail and e-commerce platforms, and
rising consumer demand. However, dairy farmers in India face challenges such as inadequate
vaccination coverage, which can lead to significant economic losses due to animal diseases.
Milk production is growing at the rate of 2% in the world, whereas in India, its growth rate
is more than 6%. Investments in technologies like Bulk Milk Coolers (BMCs), immersion
coolers and advanced milk testing kits. Opportunities in setting up organized and certified farms
for rearing and breeding quality heifers.

In the dairy farming which we are visit in near Kotturu they produce around 400 litres of milk
per day. They have the milk power point which they are distribute throughout the state. They sell
the milk 35rs per litre around they get 14000 per day. They have heavy maintenance of cows and
they are putted the slaves to maintenance with the salary of 30000 per family . the waste which
is come from the cows they have gonna store and sell as some prices like 1load of waste they
cost about 4000. The waste has been converted into some organic fertilizer and its is used for the
organic farming .
Cow waste can be converted into fertilizer through a number of methods, including composting,
granulation, and pyrolysis:
• Composting: A biological process that uses microorganisms to break down organic
waste and create nutrient-rich fertilizer. To compost cow manure, you can pile it up and
let nature take its course, or you can mix it with other organic materials like hay, grass
clippings, or sawdust. You'll need to turn the pile periodically to ensure even
decomposition.
• Granulation: A process that turns cow manure into dry granules, pellets, or
agglomerates. The manure should contain about 45–55% water to produce granules. A
disc pan granulator can be used to improve the quality and efficiency of the granules.
• Pyrolysis: A process that can be used to produce biochar from cow manure. The ideal
pyrolysis temperature is 500°C.
Benefits of dairy farming
Dairy farming has many benefits, including:
• High demand: Milk and other dairy products are in high demand, and the demand is
expected to continue.

• Low investment: Dairy farming can be less expensive to start than other types of
farming.
• Livelihood: Dairy farming provides a source of income for farmers.
• Economic growth: Dairy farming creates jobs and supports rural communities.
• Nutritional value: Dairy products are a good source of protein, calcium, vitamins, and
other nutrients.
• Health benefits: Dairy products can contribute to overall health and well-being. Milk
can help with rehydration, refueling, and repairing muscles after exercise.
• Working outdoors: Working outdoors can have health benefits like lower stress and
improved immune function.
• Creating your own produce: Dairy farmers can make products like butter, cheese, ice
cream, and yogurt.
• Working with animals: Dairy farmers get to work with cows.

Uses of dairy farming products

Dairy products have many uses, including:

• Food: Dairy products are a key part of the human diet and are used in many foods, such
as milk chocolate.
• Nutrition: Dairy products are rich in protein, calcium, magnesium, vitamin A, vitamin
D, and zinc. They can help build healthy bones, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce
the risk of gum disease.
 • Income: Small-scale dairy farming can provide additional income for the poor.

• Manufacturing: Dairy products are manufactured into more stable products, such as
butter, cheese, dried milk, ice cream, and condensed milk.
• Infant formula: Infant formula is made from dried milk powder with specific additives
for feeding human infants.
• Livestock feed: Whey and buttermilk can be used as livestock feed.

Waste management:

Waste management involves reducing the amount of waste and avoiding potential environmental
and health risks. Here are some ways to handle waste management:

Reduce waste: Limit plastic use, use cloth bags instead of plastic bags, and use cloth rags
instead of paper towels.

Reuse: Reuse items as much as possible.

Recycle: Recycling is an effective way to reduce waste, conserve natural resources, and reduce
pollution. You can recycle at home or at designated recycling centers.

Compost: Composting is a biological process that turns organic waste into a valuable product
and returns organic matter to the soil.
Incinerate: Incineration, or combustion, involves burning solid waste at high temperatures to
reduce its volume and generate energy. Proper air pollution control systems are important to
minimize harmful emissions.

Landfill: Landfilling is an effective method of waste management, but it has several

environmental concerns. Landfills can only accommodate a certain amount of waste, and it can
take decades to reclaim them.

Source reduction: Source reduction, also known as waste prevention or pollution prevention,
involves eliminating waste before it is created.

10 Steps for Effective Waste Management Planning

1. Identify the Waste Your Facility Creates.

2. Identify Waste Streams.

3. Establish a Waste Management Team.

4. Assess Current Waste Disposal Methods.

5. Consider Your Waste Hierarchy.

6. Select Waste Management Partners.

7. Set Targets for Waste Reduction.

8. Create a Waste Management Action Plan.

4.Conclusion:
Organic farming can be a sustainable way to produce food and care for the environment:
• Food safety
Organic food is generally considered to be safer and more nutritious than conventional
food. Organic farming reduces exposure to pesticides because it avoids synthetic chemicals and
uses natural pest control methods.
• Environmental health
Organic farming is more eco-friendly than conventional farming:
• Soil health: Organic farming improves soil health by reducing soil erosion and
degradation.
• Water quality: Organic farming maintains water quality by reducing
environmental pollution.
• Biodiversity: Organic farming increases biodiversity by promoting biological
cycles and species richness.
• Economic growth: Organic farming can boost the regional economy. The organic food
market is growing rapidly, and organic farming is practiced in 188 countries.
• Animal welfare: Organic farming can increase animal welfare.
• Sustainable future: Organic farming is essential for a sustainable future because it
ensures the long-term health of the planet and future generations.
Waste management is essential
Waste management is a vital practice that protects the environment and human health. Improper
waste disposal can have long-lasting negative effects on the planet.
• The three Rs are the foundation
The three Rs, reduce, reuse, and recycle, are the basis for sustainable waste management.

• Sustainable practices
Sustainable waste management practices include recycling, composting, waste reduction, and
using modern waste-to-energy facilities and landfills.

• Waste management benefits society

Waste management can:
• Reduce pollution: Waste is a major cause of environmental degradation.
 • Increase hygiene: Waste management can improve the hygiene of cities, making
them better places to live.

• Reduce waste production: Recycling can help reduce waste and generate new
products.

• Create jobs: Waste management systems require workers to collect and dispose
of waste.

o Produce energy: Many waste products can be used to produce energy.

• Individual involvement is important: people should be educated and encouraged to

practice the three Rs instead of producing waste.
• Governments should prioritize waste disposal: Governments and municipalities
should prioritize waste disposal.

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