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Linear Algebra Module 10

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MERLBEN DUQUE
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16 views2 pages

Linear Algebra Module 10

Uploaded by

MERLBEN DUQUE
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Binalonan, Pangasinan

College of Teacher Education


First Semester, A.Y. 2023-2024
MODULE 10
Row Echelon Form (Gaussian elimination)

I. Objectives

At the end of the end of this lesson, students should be able to:
1. Define row echelon form (REF) and understand its significance in solving systems of linear
equations.
2. Identify the properties that make a matrix in row echelon form.
3. Use elementary row operations to convert a matrix to row echelon form.
4. Solve systems of linear equations by converting to REF and applying back-substitution.
5. Determine the consistency of a system and the nature of its solutions (unique, infinite, or
none) using REF.

II. Lecture
Row Echelon Form (REF) is a structured format for a matrix that simplifies solving systems of
linear equations. When a matrix is in REF, it has a "staircase" structure that makes it easy to use back-
substitution to find solutions. Row echelon form is commonly reached using Gaussian elimination, a
series of row operations.

Properties of Row Echelon Form (REF)


A matrix is in row echelon form if it satisfies these criteria:

1. All nonzero rows (rows containing any non-zero entries) are above any rows of all zeros.
2. Each leading entry (pivot) in a nonzero row is 1, and each pivot is to the right of the pivot in the
row above it.
3. All entries below each pivot are zero.

Types of solutions:

When a system is in row echelon form, you can determine the nature of its solutions:

 Unique Solution: The system has a pivot in every column associated with a variable.
 Infinitely Many Solutions: If one or more columns lack pivots, indicating "free variables."
 No Solution: If a row shows a contradiction, such as [0 0 … 0∣c] with c≠0.

Example 1

Consider the following system of equations:

Step 1: Write as an Augmented Matrix

Step 2: Use Row Operations to Achieve REF


Now, the matrix is in row echelon form, and we can use back-substitution to find z=1, y=−1, and x=2.

Example 2

Consider the following system of equations:

x+y+z=6
2x+3y+z=14
x+y+2z=10

Convert to Augmented Matrix

The matrix is now in row echelon form, and we can use back-substitution to find z=4, y=6, and x=-4.

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