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Preparation of Soap

Investigatory Report

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Avnish Bhasin
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34 views10 pages

Preparation of Soap

Investigatory Report

Uploaded by

Avnish Bhasin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemistry

Project Report
On
“PREPARATION OF
SOAP”
Session: 2024-25

Under Supervision of Submitted


by
Ms. Jyoti Rana Akshat
Lecturer in Chemistry Roll No.
Class XII (Non-
Medical)

SAHARA COMPREHENSIVE
SCHOOL,
KURUKSHETRA
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled “Preparation of Soap”, has

been undertaken by Akshat Roll No. ………………. a student of XII

(Non-Medical).

This project has been carried out as a part of Chemistry projects as

prescribed by the Central Board of Secondary Education. This work is done

by candidate’s own efforts.

Ms. Jyoti Rana

Lect. in Chemistry
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I express my deep sense of gratitude to Ms. Jyoti Rana, Lecturer of

Chemistry, Sahara Comprehensive School, Kurukshetra, for his

inspiration, valuable guidance and constant encouragement in the

completion of this project. Without him it would have been an impossible

task for me. I have put my sincere effort to make this project interesting. I

have fully consulted all the available books on this subject and I am thankful

to esteemed authors.

Akshat
Class 10+2
Medical
Roll No.
CONTENTS

NO. TOPIC

1. INTRODUCTION

2. EXPERIMENT

3. PREPARATION

4. PROCEDURE
INTRODUCTION

Soaps are the sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids which has

cleansing properties in water.

Eg:- Sodium stearate, sodium oleate, or sodium palmitate

Fat or Oil + Sodium Hydroxide heat. Soap + Glycerol (Alcohol)

Sodium soaps are hard whereas potassium soaps are soft. Showing creams and

liquid soaps are soft. Whereas others are hard. Soaps are 100% biodegradable.
EXPERIMENT

The foaming capacity of a soap depends upon the nature of soap and

its concentration. The solutions are then allowed to stand when the foam

produced during stocking disappears gradually. The time taken for the foam

to disappear in each sample is determined. The longer the time taken far

disappearance of foam in given sample of soap, greater is its foaming

capacity.
REQUIREMENTS

a) Apparatus:

Three 100ml conical flask, Three 10ml test tubes, 50m1 measuring cylinder,

test tube stand, stop watch.

b) Chemicals:

Three different samples of soap, distilled water.

Theory:

Soaps are mixture of sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids

containing 12-18 carbon atoms. They are generally prepared by the

hydrolysis of fats and oils with sodium or potassium hydroxide. As a result

of this hydrolysis, commonly known as saponification, glycerol and soap are

produced.
PREPARATION

(i) Dissolve 4g of sodium hydroxide in about 10ml. of water in a beaker

and keep it aside.

(ii) Take 10g of Castor oil in china dish and warm it.

(iii) Add slowly with stirring 1g of powdered rosin to the warm oil.

Maintain the temperature around 80°C.

(iv) Pour sodium hydroxide solution in to the warm oil slowly with

stirring. Go on stirring (for about 10 minutes) till a semi-solid mass is

obtained.

(v) Transfer the semi-solid mass to a Petri dish and allow to cool when it

solidifies. Then cut the solid soap into pieces of desired size.

(vi) Repeat the above procedure with 10g each of the remaining two oils.
PROCEDURE

(i) Take three l00ml conical flask and labelled them as A,B,C. put 50m1

of distilled mater in each flask and add 50g of soap of different

variety.

(ii) Warm the content of each flask to get a clear solution.

(iii) Take three l0ml test tubes, add 5m1 of distilled meter to each one of

them and label them as A,B,C Now add 1 ml of soap solution from

each conical flask to corresponding test tube.

(iv) Close the mouth of test tube A with your thumb an shake it’s contents

vigorously for one minute. Place the test tube in test tube stand and

note the time taken for disappearance of foam produced.

(v) Repeat the same procedure far test tubes Band C shaking each with

same force far same time. Note the time taken for disappearance of

foam in each case.

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