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Nehir 5 Ekim

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Nehir 5 Ekim

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Geçmiş Zaman (Past Tense)

Geçmiş zamanda Düzenli ve Düzensiz fiillerimiz vardır. Düzenli fiillerimiz -ed,


-d ve -ied takısı alırken, düzensiz fiillerimiz şekil değiştirir.

Sadece olumlu cümlelerde fiil ikinci halini alır (-ed takısı alır veya V2 olur).
Soru cümlelerinde veya olumsuz cümlelerde fiil ek almaz yani YALIN hali ile
kullanılır.

TO BE → Was / Were (Geçmiş zamanda OLMAK yardımcı fiili)


Were you at school yesterday?
Yes, I was.

Was your mother ill last week?


No, she wasn’t.

Was Beste hungry two hours ago?


Yes, she was.
No, she wasn’t.

Fiil varsa (yani eylem ifade eden kelime; gitmek, gelmek, görmek, oynamak vb)
soru ekimiz DID. Olumsuzluk ekimiz → didn’t

Did you watch Survivor yesterday?


(Dün Survivor’ı izledin mi?)
Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
Did Beste play video games yesterday?
Yes, she did.
No, she didn’t.

Did Öznur make a cake yesterday?


Yes, she did.
No, she didn’t.

Did Cem play the guitar last night?


Yes, he did.
No, he didn’t.

Did you? Yes, I did.


No, I didn’t.

Did he? Yes, he did.


No, he didn’t.

Did she? Yes, she did.


No, she didn’t.

Did it? Yes, it did.


No, it didn’t.

Did we? Yes, we did.


Did we go to the cinema? No, we didn’t.
Yes, we did. (Evet biz gittik.)
Yes, you did. (Evet siz gittiniz.) Yes, you did.
No, you didn’t.

Did they? Yes, they did.


No, they didn’t.
Düzenli fiil -d, -ed, -ied

like Liked sevmek

enjoy enjoyed hoşlanmak

dance danced dans etmek

agree agreed aynı fikirde olmak

watch watched izlemek

look looked bakmak

play played oynamak

clean cleaned temizlemek

cook cooked yemek yapmak

listen listened dinlemek

climb climbed tırmanmak

visit visited ziyaret etmek

laugh laughed gülmek

brush brushed fırçalamak

walk walked yürümek

try tried denemek

tidy tidied toplamak, düzenlemek

cry cried ağlamak

carry carried taşımak

prefer preferred tercih etmek

stop stopped durmak


live lived yaşamak

help helped yardım etmek

arrive arrived varmak

wash washed yıkamak

stay stayed kalmak

die died ölmek

jump jumped zıplamak

Did your mother listen to music yesterday?


(Annen dün müzik dinledi mi?)
Yes, she did.
Yes, she listened to music yesterday.
No, she didn’t.
No, she didn’t listen to music yesterday.

When did your mother listen to music?


(Annen ne zaman müzik dinledi?)
She listened to music two hours ago.

Did your father play football last week?


Yes, he did.
Yes, he played football last week.
No, he didn’t.
No, he didn’t play football last week.

Did Beste visit her grandparents last weekend?


Yes, she did.
Yes, she visited her grandparents last weekend.
No, she didn’t.
No, she didn’t visit her grandparents last weekend.

Did Toprak tidy his room?


Yes, he did.
Yes, he tidied his room.
No, he didn’t.
No, he didn’t tidy his room.

….ago → önce
Two hours ago → 2 saat önce
Three weeks ago → 3 hafta önce
A year ago → 1 yıl önce
Five months ago → 5 ay önce
Three days ago → 3 gün önce
Yesterday → Dün
Last → Geçen

Last night → dün gece


Last week → geçen hafta
Last month → geçen ay
Last year → geçen yıl

Past Continuous

Was / Were Ving → geçmişte devam eden


At this time → bu saatlerde
At that time → o saatte
Yesterday → dün
When → o an, olay olduğunda → PAST TENSE
While → -iken olay olurken → PAST CONTINUOUS

I was having dinner with my sister yesterday at this time.


I was reading a book.
I was riding a bike.
Beste was setting the table.
My dad was watering the plants.
My mom was cooking.

Call → aramak
Çınar called me.
I was having dinner.

I was having dinner when Çınar called me. (Çınar beni aradığı anda akşam yemeği yiyordum.)
When Sıla called me, I was having dinner with my family.
Çınar called me while I was having dinner. (Akşam yemeğimi yerken Çınar beni aradı.)
While I was having dinner with my family, Sıla called me.

***

Present Perfect Tense has/have V3


He / She /It has V3, -ed
I / You / We / They have V3, -ed

How Long? → Ne zamandır? since/for

→ Geçmişte bir zaman başlamış ve olay hala devam ediyor.

How long have you known Şiir?


I have known her since 2015.
I have known her for six years.

How long have you known Feyza and Zeynep?


I have known them since 2019.

How long have you known Baran?


I have known him for five months.

I have known Ahmet Efe since 2016.


How long have we known each other?
We have known each other for a month.

I have worked in this company for ten years.


I have worked in this company since 2012.

Tecrübe sorgularken Life Experience / Questioning Experience


Have you ever eaten sushi?
Yes, I have.
Yes, I have eaten sushi.
No, I haven’t (eaten sushi).

I have never been to Paris.


I have never watched a horror movie.
I have never drunk fizzy drinks in my life.

Have you ever ridden a camel?


No, I have.

**WHEN? → Past Tense (Geçmiş Zaman)

Past Tense geçmişte olmuş bitmiş, günümüze hiçbir etkisi olmayan


olayları içerir.
Present Perfect Tense’de kesin bir tarihten bahsedemeyiz. Tarih
belirtildiği zaman PAST TENSE kullanılmalıdır.

I have done my homework yesterday. (YANLIŞ!)


I did my homework yesterday. (DOĞRU)

Eylül : Have you ever eaten sushi? (Bu soruyu sorarken şimdiye
kadarki hayatında yapıp yapılmadığı merak edilir. Ne zaman
olduğu önemli değil.)
Nadide T. :Yes, I have (eaten sushi).
Eylül : Oh, really? When? (Ne zaman diye sorulduğunda ise Past
Tense ile cevap verilir çünkü artık merak edilen eylemin hangi
tarihte yapıldığıdır.)
Nadide T. : I think I ate it for the first time twelve years ago. (Geçmiş)

**When? → When did you eat it?

Unfinished time period / unfinished assignment/job → Bitmemiş Eylem

I haven’t drunk any coffee today. → Bugün hiç kahve içmedim.


(Bugün henüz bitmedi.)
Feyza hasn’t seen her grandma this week.
Zeynep hasn’t finished her project homework yet.
Eylül hasn’t played with her sister today.
My dad hasn’t arrived home yet.
My mom has worn this dress twice this week. (Hafta bitmemiş, hala
giymeye devam edebilir.)
I still haven’t done my homework.

Present Result → Geçmişte olmuş bir olay ama şu anı etkiliyor. Yakın
Geçmiş

I have lost my keys. → Anahtarlarımı kaybettim.


Danny has broken his arm. → Danny kolunu kırdı.
(Ne zaman kırdığı önemli değil, önemli olan onun kolunun alçıda
olması ve şu andaki yaşam kalitesini etkiliyor olması.)

En sevdiğimiz tercihlerimizden bahsederken (değişebilir)

This is the best movie I have ever seen.


(Bu şimdiye kadar gördüğüm en güzel film.)
She is the best actress I have ever watched.
Titanic is the best romantic movie I have ever watched.
Dragon Fruit is the most delicious fruit I have ever eaten.

Time Expressions (Zaman Zarfları)

Since → dan, den beri : olayın başladığı an veya geçmişte belli bir an
For → dır, dir : zaman aralığı → belirsiz, yuvarlama zaman.

Since my childhood → Çocukluğumdan beri


Since then → O zamandan beri
Since that day → O günden beri
Since my birthday → Doğum günümden beri
Since Monday → Pazartesiden beri
Since May → Mayıstan veri
Since 2015 → 2015’den beri
Since 9 o’clock → Saat 9’dan beri
Since two weeks ago → iki hafta önceden beri
Since the beginning of the term → Dönemin başlangıcından beri
Since the beginning of the year → Yılın başlangıcından beri
Since last week → Geçen haftadan beri
Since last year → Geçen yıldan beri
Since last month → Geçen aydan beri
Since last night → Dün geceden beri
Since last Saturday → Geçen cumartesiden beri
Since last summer → Geçen yazdan beri
Since yesterday → Dünden beri
Since (this) morning → Sabahtan beri
Since the 8th → 8inden beri
Since we met → Tanıştığımızdan beri
Since I was eight → 8 yaşımdan beri
***Since’den sonra gelen cümle her zaman Past Tense olur:
I haven’t called Sally since I saw her at the party.

FOR → Zaman aralığı - (zamanı yuvarladığımız için for kullanırız).

For a long time : uzun zamandır = for such a long time


For a week : bir haftadır
For only a week : sadece bir haftadır
For two weeks : iki haftadır
For two seconds : iki saniyedir
For three years : üç yıldır
For two centuries : iki asırdır
For three decades : üç on yıldır (30 yıldır)
For seven months : yedi aydır
For six hours : altı sattir
For many hours : saatlerdir
For a few hours : birkaç saattir
For ages : asırlardır
For several months : birkaç aydır
For a few minutes : birkaç dakikadır
For the last three months : son üç aydır
For more than a week : bir haftadan fazladır
For a whole week : bütün bir haftadan beri

OTHER TIME EXPRESSIONS

STILL → Hala, Henüz


Sadece olumsuz cümlelerde hasn’t ve haven’t ‘dan önce gelir.
Feyza still hasn’t done her homework.
Ezgi still hasn’t played with her toys.

→ I still don’t know how to prepare sushi.

Yet → Olumsuz cümle sonunda ve sorularda, Henüz & Hala

Soru → cümle yapısı olumlu olabilir ama anlamı olumsuz.


→ cümle yapısı olumsuz olabilir, anlamı da olumsuzdur.

Have you done your homework yet? → Hala ödevini yapmadın mı?
(Amacımız ödevin bitip bitmediğini öğrenmek.)
Haven’t you done your homework yet?
(Olumsuz sorduğumuz zaman amacımız vurgu yapmak. Yani ödevin çoktan
bitmiş olması gerektiği için böyle bir soru soruyoruz. Yapıp yapmadığından
emin değiliz, şüphemiz var o yüzden olumsuz soruyoruz.)

Have you called your mother yet?


Haven’t you called your mother yet?

I haven’t called my best friend yet since my birthday.


I haven’t seen Şiir since last summer.

Already → zaten, çoktan : soru ve olumlu cümlelerde kullanılır.

→ Have you called your mother already?


→ I have already tidied up my room.
→ Baran has already studied for his quiz.
→ Have you already finished? (şaşkınlık).

Just → henüz, şimdi : olumlu cümlelerde kullanılır.


→ Would you like to have some cookies? I have just baked them.
→ Have you seen Hümeyra? → She’s just gone out.
→ Have you just called me crazy? → şimdi, az önce.

Ever → şimdiye kadar, hiç : sorular ve olumlu cümleler.

Have you ever done base jumping?


This is the best smoothie I have ever drunk.

So far : → şimdiye kadar → soru, olumlu cümle & olumsuz cümle


How many museums have you seen so far?
So far, I have seen three museums.
I have seen three museums so far.
I have so far seen three museums.
I haven’t seen any ghosts so far.

Never → hiç OLUMLU cümle (cümle yapısı olumlu, anlam olumsuz)

I have never been to Paris.

Lately / Recently : Son zamanlarda, soru, olumlu cümle & olumsuz


cümle

I haven’t seen my grandad recently / lately.


Have you recently seen your grandad?
I have recently started learning English.

Before → (daha) ÖNCE, önceden (soru, olumlu, olumsuz)


I have never ridden a horse before.
Have you ever ridden a horse before?
I have ridden a horse before.
Past Tense (v2→ looked, bought, took Present Perfect Tense
etc.) Has / Have V3
Negative didn’t V1
Question: Did you go to school? I have eaten my lunch.
I haven’t eaten my lunch.
Ana fill olmadığı zaman yardımcı fiil Have I eaten my lunch?
kullanırız. Was/Were

Yesterday → dün Already → çoktan, zaten


…ago → önce Still → hala
*two weeks ago Just → Henüz
A long time ago : uzun zaman önce Yet→ Henüz
Last → geçen So far → Şimdiye kadar = Until now
Last night → dün gece Ever → Şimdiye kadar, hiç
Last year → geçen yol Before → önce
Last week → geçen hafta Lately / Recently → Son zamanlarda
Last weekend → geçen hafta sonu Never → asla, hiç
Last summer → geçen yaz Since → dan, den beri (başlangıç
In 1990 zamanı)
In 2010 For → dır, dir (zaman aralığı)
In 1850 This → bu
Earlier → Daha öncesinde Until → e kadar
When → olduğunda (v2)
While → iken (was / were Ving)

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