L!nk!

ng verbs

● Ş"md"k" zaman- He looks a b"t confused

● You look a b"t tense
● You look l"ke you ve had a b"t of shock

Apart from=As well as zıt manada

Future Plans

● W"ll = anlık alınan kararlar Ill call you later

● Go"ng to önceden planlanmış ama yüzde yüz değ"l
● Verb+"ng plan tar"h bell" kes"nleşm"ş planlar

As !f / As Though

● He acted as "f he d"dnt hear anyth"ng,but he d"d.

● It looks as "f "t w"ll ra"n shortly
● You seem as though you are go"ng to sleep.
● You seem as though had a shower.You must have walked under ra"n.(b"r şey uydururken
past tense kullanırız)
Kısaca bu kalıplar you sounds l"ke u walked "n ra"n dek" l"ke ın daha formal hal"

Alışkanlık soruları

● How often
● Do you (ever) go …
● Do you play tenn"s (a lot)?
● D"d you play tenn"s (much) when you…

Past hab!ts

● Geçm"ş alışkanlıklar "ç"n past s"mple kullanırız

● When I was ch"ld, we never went anywhere at weekends.

Negat!f compar!sat!on

Not as good as
Not as fast as
Nearly,qu"te,less

Perfect Cont!nous ve S!mple farkı

● B"r süreç "se cont"nuous

● Rapor ver"yorsak perfect (tam zamanı bell" değ"l)

Tend To

● Genelleme yaparken tend to kullanırız

● I tend to eat ch"cken
● Do you tend to play tenn"s
● I have tended to avo"d eat"ng raw meet
● I tend not to eat
● I dont tent to eat

B"r nesnen"n veya canlının k"ş"n"n o an ne yaptığını anlatırken was were ama yaşanmış veya anlık
yapılan reaks"onlar "ç"n s"mple past

Not: soru kalıbına göre cevap ver

D"d you ……
-cevap mutlaka past s"mple
Have you…..
-cevap perfect

Ever s"nce= den ber"

He's been depressed ever s"nce he got d"vorced

Yoruma yapma(Must-Cant)

● Olumlu yorum yaparken “must” olumsuz yaparken “cant” kullanıyoruz musnt kullanmıyoruz
● Yorum yaparken genelde past ve present tense kullanırız

Wow,that must be great job

It cant be h"m
That cant be easy

……. to beg"n w"th görüyorsasak mutlaka boşluk past(was-were)

Be supposed to
I am suppose to do th"s job

General
In general
On the whole
Generally speak"ng
As a rule
Hardly ever( nerdeyse h"ç)

Future T!me Clauses

W"ll + when/as soon as + s"mple present or perfect
Ill tell h"m when he gets home

The moment he comes through the door " w"ll tell h"m

I w"ll cook as soon as the k"ds have got back from school

Once I ve f"n"shed th"s I w"ll call you

Quant!f!ers

● No - There are no c"nemas nearby,there w"ll be no food

● Not any - There are not any clubs round here , I dont have any "dea
Hardly any - Hardly any locals can afford th"s
Almost no - We saw almost no trouble
So few - There were so few peolle

● A few - Many (countables)

A l"ttle - Much (uncountables)
A lot of (both)

● Much many genelde konuşma d"l"nde olumsuz A lot of genelde olumlu cümlelerde kullanılır
ama formal veya akadem"kte much many olumlu "ç"n kullanılır
 ●
ama formal veya akadem"kte much many olumlu "ç"n kullanılır
● Every y" s"ngularlar "ç"n kullanırız I v"s"ted every meseum
● L"ttle olumsuz a l"ttle olumlu anlam(there was a l"ttle food dersek çok fazla yok ama yeter"
kadar var ama eğer there was l"ttle food dersek yetmeyecek kadar az dem"ş oluruz.)a few
olumlu cümleler "ç"n yan" yeter" kadar var dem"ş oluruz yan" a her zaman b"r m"ktar var
anlamı katar)

FUTURE IN THE PAST

(planlanan ama gerçekleşmeyen şeyler !ç!n veya planlanmayıp olan şeyler !ç!n
Yapacaktık edecekt!k)

● Was/were + go"ng to + verb (olayın gerçekleş"p gerçekleşmed"ğ"n" "fade eder)

I was go"ng to go out for a walk when "t started ra"n

I wasnt go"ng to do anyth"ng but some fr"ends "nv"ted me

Tahm"n tekl"f veya söz "ç"n would(not) + verb kullanırız(olayın gerçekleşeb"leceğ"n" veya
gerçekleşemeyeceğ"n" tahm"n eder)

I d"dnt th"nk the shop would be anyth"ng spec"al but "t was great

I sa"d I’d go w"th her(but " d"dnt)

Managed to , be able to and be forced to

Managed to

geçm"şte bel"rl" b" güç veya efor gerekt"ren şeyler"n yapıldığını veya yapılmadığını bel"rtmek "ç"n
veya çok aptalca b"r hatayı anlatırken

It was hard to get the cat out of tree but they managed to do "t "n the end

I d"dnt manage to get a photo of the b"rds

Was were able to

Aynı mantık was/were able to + verb

We were f"nally able to f"nd a tour
We were f"nally able to f"nd a tour

Was Were Forced to

We were forced to wa"t under the trees unt"l the ra"n stopped

Wasnt able to ve d"dnt manage to ya alternat"f couldnt kullanab"l"yoruz

Ama olumlu da could u alternat"f olarak kullanamayız.

Talk!ng About Memor!es

● Remember + VERB"ng

I remember meet"ng them for the f"rst t"me

Do you remember go"ng to that meseum for the f"rst t"me

● Would kalıbını geçm"şte çok tekrar eden anılar veya alışkanlıklar "ç"n de kullanırız

I would spend hours play"ng games

We’d v"s"t my parents every weekend

Express!ng Regrets Us!ng W!sh

Olmamış şeyler !ç!n W!sh + past perfect

I w"sh I’d been a b"t str"cker w"th my ch"ldren

I w"sh I had worked a b"t harder at school

Olmuş şeyler !ç!n hadnt + v3

I w"sh I hadnt eaten so much

I w"sh we hadnt met "n the f"rst place

● W"shden önce vurgu yapmak "ç"n realy kullan"l"r( I really w"sh I had spoken to her earl"er)

THIRD CONDITIONAL

● IF CLAUSE - past perfect

 ● IF CLAUSE - past perfect
● Result - would have + v3

– If he had been dr"v"ng more slowly, he wouldnt have crashed

– If I’d stayed "n Iraq , none of th"s would have happened

Cümleye "fl" kısımla başladıysan b"t"nce v"rgül sonra result ama eğer result "le başladıysan
v"rgülsüz d"rek "f

SHOULD HAVE

● Geçm"şte olan b"r şey "ç"n daha "y" alternat"f sunarken kullanırız Yapmalıydım g"b")
● Should have + v3 (My battery d!ed,I should have charged !t before I left)
● Güçlend"rmek "ç"n so ve much kullanırız(I shouldnt have eaten such a b"g meal, He
shouldnt have been dr"ven so fast)

Cont!n!ous Form

● Should have + been+ VERB"ng

You should have been work"ng,not look"ng at "nstagram

The kullanımı
Özel tek olan ve "ç"nde geçen k"ş"ler"n b"ld"ğ" şeylerde the kullanırız

The "nfo that " gave "s clas"ff"ed

The f"lm that u told me was amaz"ng
When was the "nternet "nvented?

REPORTED SPEECH

● Present s"mple > past s"mple

● Past s"mple,perfect s"mple > past perfect
● Cont"n"ous > past cont"n"ous
● Be go"ng to > was go"ng to
● W"ll > would
● Can > could
● Must , have to > had to
● Yes no sorusu aktarırken "f ya da whether kullanırz tense değ"ş"m" aynı -Can " have look at
"t?
 -She asked "f she could have a look…

Pass!ves

Present S!mple

● (am "s are + v3) He eats apple > the apple "s eaten

Present Cont!n!ous

● (Am "s are + be"ng + v3) She "s wr"t"ng a letter > A letter "s be"ng wr"tten by her.

Past S!mple

● (Was were + v3) She wrote a letter > A letter was wr"tten by her

Past Cont!nuous

● (Was were + be"ng + v3) She was wr"t"ng a letter > A letter was be"ng wr"tten by her

Present Perfect

● (Have/has + been + v3) She has wr"tten a letter > A latter has been wr"tten by her

Past Perfect

● (Had + been + V3) She had wr"tten a letter > A letter had been wr"tten by her

Modal Verbs(w!ll would can could may m!ght must)

● (Modal verb + be + V3) She w"ll wr"te a letter > A letter w"ll be wr"tten by her, He would
solve a problem > A problem would be solved by h"m

A , An , THE