CHAPTER- 5 LIFE PROCESSES

1. Energy in the case of higher plants and animals is obtained by 1

(a) Breathing (b) Tissue respiration
(c) Organ respiration (d) Digestion of food
2. In which of the following groups of organisms, blood flows through the heart only once 1
during one cycle of passage through the body?
(a) Rabbit, Parrot, Turtle (b) Frog, crocodile, Pigeon
(c) Whale, Labeo, Penguin (d) Shark, dog fish, sting ray
3. Which of the following statement is TRUE about the uptake of water in plants? 1
(a) It occurs all the time due to diffusion.
(b) Water enters the roots due to osmosis.
(c) At night when transpiration is low, roots do not take up water.
(d) The movement of water from roots to leaves is bidirectional.
4. The graph below represents the blood lactic acid concentration of an athlete during a race of 1
400 m and shows a peak at point D.

Lactic acid production has occurred in the athlete while running in the 400 m race. Which of
the following processes explains this event?
(a) Aerobic respiration (b) Anaerobic respiration
(c) Fermentation (d) Breathing
5. The characteristic processes observed in anaerobic respiration are 1
i) presence of oxygen
ii) release of carbon dioxide
iii) release of energy
iv) release of lactic acid
(a) i), ii) only (b) i), ii), iii) only
(c) ii), iii), iv) only (d) iv) only
6. Study the table below and select the row that has the incorrect information. 1

7. Carefully study the diagram of the human 1

respiratory system with labels (i), (ii), (iii) and
(iv). Select the option which gives correct
identification and main function and /or
characteristic.

(a) (i) Trachea: It is supported by bony rings for conducting inspired air.
(b) (ii) Ribs: When we breathe out, ribs are lifted.
(c) (iii) Alveoli: Thin-walled sac like structures for exchange of gases.
(d) (iv) Diaphragm: It is pulled up when we breathe in.
8. Oxygen saturation levels refer to the extent haemoglobin is bound to oxygen. As altitude 1
increases, the atmospheric pressure decreases. Which of the following graphs correctly
represents the oxygen saturation levels as altitude increases?

(a) P (b) Q
(c) R (d) S
9. What is common between extensive network of blood vessels around walls of alveoli and in 1
glomerulus of nephron?
(a) Thick-walled arteries richly supplied with blood.
(b) Thin-walled veins poorly supplied with blood.
(c) Thick-walled capillaries poorly supplied with blood.
(d) Thin-walled capillaries richly supplied with blood.
10. Opening and closing of stomatal pore depends on: 1
(a) atmospheric temperature
(b) oxygen concentration around stomata
(c) carbon dioxide concentration around stomata
(d) water content in the guard cells
11. Identify the option that indicates the correct enzyme that is 1
secreted in location (i), (ii) and (iii).
(a) (i) - lipase, (ii) - trypsin, (iii) - pepsin
(b) (i) - amylase, (ii) - pepsin, (iii) - trypsin
(c) (i) - trypsin, (ii) - amylase, (iii) - carboxylase
(d) (i) - permease, (ii) - carboxylase, (iii) - oxidase

12. The figure given below shows a schematic plan of blood 1

circulation in humans with labels (i) to (iv). Identify the
correct label with its functions?

(a) (i) Pulmonary vein - takes impure blood from body part.
(b) (ii) Pulmonary artery - takes blood from lung to heart.
(c) (iii) Aorta - takes blood from heart to body parts.
(d) (iv) Vena cava takes - blood from body parts to right auricle.
13. Plants use completely different process for excretion as compared to animals. Which one of 1
the following processes is NOT followed by plants for excretion?
(a) They can get rid of excess water by transpiration.
(b) They selectively filter toxic substances through their leaves.
(c) Waste products are stored as resins and gums in old xylem.
(d) They excrete waste substances into the soil around them.
14. Identify the phase of circulation which is represented in the diagram 1
of heart given below. Arrows indicate contraction of the chambers
shown.

(a) Blood transferred to the right ventricle and left ventricle simultaneously.
(b) Blood is transferred to lungs for oxygenation and is pumped into various organs
simultaneously.
(c) Blood transferred to the right auricle and left auricle simultaneously.
(d) Blood is received from lungs after oxygenation and is received from various organs of
the body.
15. In the given transverse section of the leaf 1
identify the layer of cells where maximum
photosynthesis occurs.
(a) I, II
(b) II, III
(c) III, IV
(d) I, IV
16. Observe the experimental setup shown below. 1
Name the chemical indicated as ‘X’ that can absorb
the gas which is evolved as a byproduct of
respiration.
(a) NaOH
(b) KOH
(c) Ca (OH)2
(d) K2CO3
17. Generally, food is broken and absorbed within the body of organisms. In which of the 1
following organisms is it done outside the body?
(a) Amoeba (b) Mushroom
(c) Paramoecium (d) Lice
18. A sportsman, after a long break of his routine exercise, suffered muscular cramps during a 1
heavy exercise session. This happened due to:
(a) lack of carbon dioxide and formation of pyruvate
(b) presence of oxygen and formation of ethanol.
(c) lack of oxygen and formation of lactic acid.
(d) lack of oxygen and formation of carbon dioxide.
19. In which of the following groups of organisms, food material is broken down outside the 1
body and then absorbed in?
(a) mushroom, green plants, amoeba (b) yeast, mushroom, bread mould
(c) paramecium, amoeba, cuscuta (d) cuscuta, lice, tapeworm
20. In a person the tubule part of the nephron is not functioning at all. What will its effect be on 1
urine formation?
(a) The urine will not be formed. (b) Quality & quantity of urine is unaffected.
(c) Urine is more concentrated. (d) Urine is more diluted.
21. Select the option which gives correct function and /or characteristic of the four parts of human 1
respiratory system.
(a) Alveoli: Thin-walled sac like structures for exchange of gases.
(b) Diaphragm: It is pulled up when we breathe in.
(c) Trachea: It is supported by bony rings for conducting inspired air.
(d) Ribs: When we breathe out, ribs are lifted.
22. Given below are the functions of some parts of human circulatory system. Identify the correct 1
match.
(a) Pulmonary vein – takes oxygenated blood from body parts to heart
(b) Artery – takes oxygenated blood from heart to lung
(c) Aorta – takes deoxygenated blood from heart to body parts
(d) Vena cava – takes deoxygenated blood from body parts to right atrium
23. Assertion: Resins and gums are stored in old xylem tissue in plants. 1
Reason: Resins and gums facilitate transport of water molecules.
24. Assertion: Amphibians can tolerate mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 1
Reason: Amphibians are animals with two chambered hearts.
Section-B
Very short answer questions
25. (a) How is the wall of small intestine adapted for performing the function of absorption of food? 2
(b) Out of a goat and a tiger, which one will have a longer small intestine? Justify your answer.
26. A plant X was enclosed in a glass jar with some lizards. A similar plant Y was enclosed in 2
another glass jar but without lizards. Both the jars are kept under the same light conditions
for a few hours. Which plant is likely to photosynthesize more and why?
27. Proteinuria is a condition in which significant amounts of protein can be detected in urine. 2
Which process in the nephron is likely to be affected causing proteinuria?
28. Bile juice does not have any digestive enzyme but still plays a significant role in the process 2
of digestion. Justify the statement.
29. In birds and mammals, the left and right side of the heart are separated. Give reasons. 2
30. Patients whose gall bladder are removed are recommended to eat less oily food. Why? 2
31. Name the substances other than water, that are reabsorbed during urine formation. What are 2
the two parameters that decide the amount of water that is reabsorbed in the kidney?
32. What is the purpose of making urine in the human body? Name the organs that stores and 2
releases the urine.
33. Why do arteries have thick and elastic walls whereas veins have valves? 2
Section-C
Short answer questions
34. List three differences between arteries and veins. 3
35. Explain where and how urine is produced 3
36. State the events occurring during the process of photosynthesis. Is it essential that these steps 3
take place one after the other immediately?
37. Explain the processes of aerobic respiration in mitochondria of a cell and anaerobic 3
respiration in yeast and muscle with the help of word equations.
38. The leaves of a plant were covered with aluminum foil, how would it affect the physiology 3
of the plant?
39. (a) How is lymph an important fluid involved in transportation? 3
(b) If lymphatic vessels get blocked, how would it affect the human body? Elaborate
40. A variegated leaf with green and yellow patches in used for an experiment to prove that 3
chlorophyll is required for photosynthesis. Before the experiment the green portions (A) and
the pale-yellow portions (B) are observed. What will be the colour of ‘A’ just before and after
the starch test? Also write the equation of photosynthesis and mark, as well as validate from
which molecule the by-product is obtained.
Section-D
Long answer questions.
41. (a) Identify any two parts from the diagram which carry 5
oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
(b) Explain the process of double circulation with the help of
a flow chart.

SECTION – E
Case-based/data -based questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts. Internal choice is
provided in one of these sub-parts.
42. Usman collected her saliva and mixed it with liquid A in the test tube. In another test tube 4
she took only liquid A after about 10 minutes, she added a few drops of iodine solution to the
mixture in the first test tube. It did not show colour but when she treated the other test tube
with iodine, a blue black colour appeared.
Based on the above case, answer the following questions:
(a) What is the aim of this activity?
(b) What is liquid A?
(c) Why did the first test tube not show any colour change with iodine while the second one did?
OR
i) Which enzyme is responsible for such a result?
 ii) Why does a piece of bread chewed for long time tasted sweet?

CHAPTER- 6 CONTROL AND COORDINATION

1. Observe the three figures given below. Which of the following depicts tropic movements 1
appropriately?

(a) B and C (b) A and C

(c) B only (d) C only
2. Receptors are usually located in sense organs. Gustatory receptors are present in 1
(a) tongue (b) nose
(c) eye (d) ear
3. Which of the following is not associated with growth of the plant? 1
(a) Auxin (b) Cytokinin
(c) Abscisic Acid (d) Gibberellin
4. Vicky was going to a crop field where his father was working. While he was going through 1
the grassy field, he saw a sleeping snake and suddenly jumped off (A). Then he walked slowly
to escape without disturbing the snake (B). Two activities were performed by Vicky namely
A and B. Can you compare the above two activities.
(a) There is no difference between A and B.
(b) A is a reflex action and B is controlled action.
(c) Both are reflex actions.
(d) Both activities are controlled by brain.
5. Which is the correct sequence of the components of a reflex arc? 1
(a) Receptors → Muscles → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Spinal cord
(b) Receptor → Motor neuron → Spinal cord → Sensory neuron → Muscles
(c) Receptor → Spinal cord → Sensory neuron → Motor neuron → Muscles
(d) Receptor → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Muscles
6. Identify A and B 1
(a) A- Cerebrum, B- Cerebellum
(b) A- Cerebellum, B- Cerebrum
(c) A- Cranium (skull), B- Cerebrum
(d) A- Medulla, B- Cerebrum

7. While watering a rose plant, a thorn pricked Bholu’s hand. He immediately pulls his hand. 1
The term used for such types of response is
(a) Reflex arc (b) Reflex action
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above
8. The given diagram shows some of the features 1
of human skin which part of the brain coordinates
the information labelled in the diagram?

(a) Medulla (b) Hypothalamus

(c) Cerebrum (d) Cerebellum
9. Adrenaline hormone is secreted in the body during emergency situations. What would be the 1
effects of increased concentration of adrenaline on body?

10. Which of the following are example/s of reflex actions occurring in our body? 1
1. Moving to the side of road when a speeding car approaches.
2. Closing of eyes in response to a sudden bright light.
3. Shouting when we are suddenly disturbed or get scared
4. Withdrawing hands on touching a hot surface.
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (d) 2 and 4
11. The diagram shows the central nervous system, 1
which has been blocked in three different places by a
drug used as an anaesthetic.
Three men had an anaesthetic block at X, Y or Z. One of
the men can move his leg in response to a pinprick, but
does not feel it. Where is the anaesthetic block in this
man?
(a) At X (b) At Y
(c) At Z (d) No block
12. ------------------- are the nerves carrying impulses away from the central nervous system. 1
(a) Efferent nerve (b) Afferent nerve
(c) Extensors (d) Sensory nerves
13. In a neuron, conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs at/in 1
(a) Cell body (b) Axonal end
(c) Dendritic end (d) Axon
14. At the time of puberty both boys and girls show lots of changes in appearance. The hormones 1
responsible for the changes are
(a) Boys - Testosterone, Girls - Oestrogen (b) Boys - Oestrogen, Girls - Testosterone
(c) Boys - Testosterone, Girls- Progesterone (d) Boys - Testis, Girls - Ovary
15. What is the correct direction of flow of electrical impulses? 1

16. Breathing is controlled by which part of the brain? 1

(a) Cerebrum (b) Cerebellum
(c) Hypothalamus (d) Medulla oblongata
17. Assertion: The effect of auxin hormone on the growth of root is exactly opposite to that on a 1
stem.
Reason: Auxin hormone increases the rate of growth in root and decreases the rate of growth
in stem.
18. Assertion: Units which make up the nervous system are called neurons. 1
Reason: Nerve impulses are carried by dendrites towards the cell body.
19. Assertion: A person has lost most of its intelligence memory and judgement. 1
Reason: A person has operated a tumour located in the cerebrum.
20. Assertion: Medulla oblongata causes reflex actions like vomiting, coughing and sneezing. 1
Reason: It has many nerve cells which control autonomic reflexes
Section-B
Very short answer questions
21. How is the mode of action in beating of the heart different from reflex actions? Give four 2
examples.
22. (a) Name the organs which has gustatory receptor and one olfactory receptor. 2
(b) Write a and b in the given flow chart of neuronthrough which information travels as an
electrical impulse.

23. Write two differences between the response of the plants and response of the animals to 2
stimuli?
24. How does feedback mechanism regulate the hormone secretion? 2
25. If a ripened fruit is kept in a basket of raw fruits, then what will happen? What causes the 2
change in it?
Section-C
Short answer questions
26. In animals, hormones can be secreted by one organ and can act on multiple organs. Justify 3
this statement by explaining the effect of a single animal hormone on three organs.
27. Explain giving reasons the bending of the shoot tip of a plant towards light source coming 3
from one side of the plant.
28. We are advised to take iodized salt in our diet by doctors. Justify its importance in our body. 3
29. Alcohol consumption is harmful in many ways. Explain its adverse effect on brain. What are 3
its consequences? As a responsible citizen suggest a suitable solution to Government.
30. How does chemical coordination occur in plants? Explain with the help of three examples. 3
31. Pertaining to endocrine system, what will you interpret if- 3
(a) You observe swollen neck in people living in the hills
(b) Over secretion of Growth Hormone takes place during childhood
(c) Facial hair develops in boys aged 13.
Section-D
Long answer questions.
32. (a) A doctor has advised Sameer to reduce sugar intake in his diet and do regular exercise after 5
checking his blood test reports. Which disease do you think Sameer is suffering from? Name
the hormone responsible for this disease and the organ producing the hormone.
(b) Which hormone is present in the areas of rapid cell division in a plant and which hormone
inhibits the growth?
33. (a) Sagar saw a beautiful rose and smelled it. As he was smelling it, he happened to touch a thorn 5
and pull his hand away. State TWO differences and similarities each in the way the nervous
system performs the two actions.
(b) Are all involuntary actions reflex actions? Justify.
34. (a) i) Draw a neat diagram of human brain and Label: Medulla and Cerebellum 5
ii) Write the functions of the above-mentioned parts.
 (b) “Both overproduction and underproduction of Growth hormone leads to disorders in the
body.” Explain
35. (a) Explain any three directional movements in plants. 5
(b) How brain and spinal cord are protected in human?
(c) Name the master gland present in the brain.
SECTION – E
Case-based/data -based questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts. Internal choice is
provided in one of these sub-parts.
36. You must have noticed many dramatic changes in your appearance as well as that of your 4
friends as you approached 10 - 12 years of age. These changes associated with puberty are
because of the secretion of testosterone in males and oestrogen in females. Do you know
anyone in your family or friends who has been advised by the doctor to take less sugar in
their diet? As a treatment, they might be taking injections of insulin. This is a hormone that
is produced by the pancreas.
(a) Write any two physical changes in males due to secretion of testosterone.
(b) What happens if insulin is not secreted in the proper amount?
(c) Why is pancreas a dual gland?
OR
Name the hormone other than oestrogen secreted by ovaries in female. What is its role in
female body?
37. Ongoing research in neuroscience continues to uncover new insights into the functions of the 4
CNS and potential treatments for neurological disorders. Advances in brain imaging
techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of brain structure and activity. The
central nervous system's complexity and significance make it a fascinating area of study, with
ongoing discoveries contributing to our understanding of human behavior, cognition, and
health.
(a) What are the two main components of the central nervous system?
(b) Which part of the brain is responsible for voluntary actions and conscious thoughts?
(c) Name the master gland present in the brain. Why it is known as master gland?
OR
Name two main parts of hind brain and state the function of each.

CHAPTER- 7 HOW DO ORGANISMS REPRODUCE?

1. Which of the following is not an outcome of variations present in population? 1
(a) Bacterial resistance to heat (b) Different colour of eyes
(c) Maintenance of body design features (d) Survival of species over time
2. Given below are certain adaptations in fruits of certain plants. On the basis of information 1
given below, identify the agent of pollination in both situations.
1. Small, dry and light seeds with a parachute of fine hair.
2. Brightly - coloured, sweet and juicy but hard seeds.
(a) 1- insects, 2 - animals (b) 1 - water, 2 – insects
(c) 1 - wind, 2 – animals (d) 1 - birds, 2 – insects
3. The diagram shown below depicts pollination. 1
Choose the options that will show a maximum
variation in the offspring.

(a) A, B and C (b) B and D

(c) B, C and D (d) A and C
4. Which of the following method/s are useful to prevent fertilisation even when ovulation 1
occurs?
P) surgical blocking of the fallopian tube
Q) copper-T
R) oral pills
S) condom
(a) only P (b) only Q and R
(c) only P, Q and S (d) only Q, R and S
5. A farmer wants to grow banana plants genetically similar enough to the plants already 1
available in his field. Which one of the following methods would you suggest for this
purpose?
(a) Regeneration (b) Budding
(c) Vegetative propagation (d) Sexual reproduction
6. Which conditions are necessary to activate enzymes when a 1
seed germinates?
(a) C
(b) A
(c) D
(d) B
7. The vegetative reproduction in sweet potato is done by 1
(a) stem (b) leaf
(c) root (d) flower
8. Among all the methods of contraception, which one can prevent the implantation of the 1
fertilised egg?
(a) Coil (mechanical) (b) Condom (mechanical)
(c) Spermicide (chemical) (d) Vasectomy (surgical)
9. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are 1
(a) genetically identical to their parents (b) genetically identical to their siblings
(c) none of the above (d) both (a) and (b)
10. The number of chromosomes present in parents and offspring of a particular species remains 1
constant due to ________.
(a) Doubling of chromosomes during zygote formation
(b) Halving of chromosomes during gamete formation
(c) Doubling of chromosomes after gamete formation
(d) Halving of Chromosome after gamete formation.
11. Out of many papaya plants growing in your garden, only a few bear fruits. What could be the 1
reason?
(a) It bears unisexual flowers. (b) It bears bisexual flowers.
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Due to presence of special type of tissues.
12. Which among the disease is not sexually transmitted? 1
(a) Syphilis (b) Hepatitis
(c) HIV-AIDS (d) Gonorrhea
13. Which of the following do not represent the correct sequence of reproductive stages? 1
(a) Zygote→ Gametes→ Embryo→ Seedling
(b) Gametes→ Zygote→ Embryo→ Seedling
(c) Gametes→ Zygote→ Seedling→ Embryo
(d) Gametes→ Embryo→ Seedling→ Zygote
14. Choose the correct statements among the following: 1
(a) Flowers always have both sex organs.
(b) Flowers are the reproductive organs of the plants.
(c) All plants bear flowers.
(d) Flowers give rise to fruit after fertilization.
15. Match the labelled parts of the given figure with the 1
correct option.

16. Permanent fertility control in male is achieved by: 1

(a) Tubectomy (b) Vasectomy
(c) Anatomy (d) Pills
17. Assertion: Probability of survival of an organism produced through sexual reproduction is 1
more than that of organism produced through asexual mode.
Reason: Variations provide advantages to individuals for survival.
18. Assertion: Colonies of yeast multiply in sugar solution. 1
Reason: Sugar is made up of sucrose which provides energy for sustaining all life activities.
19. Assertion: Plants are vegetatively propagated even though they bear seeds. 1
Reason: Potatoes reproduces through tubers, apples by cutting, etc
20. Assertion: Asexual reproduction is a primitive type of reproduction. 1
Reason: Asexual reproduction involves only mitotic cell division.
Section-B
Very short answer questions
21. Our government launches campaigns to provide information about AIDS prevention, testing 2
and treatment by putting posters, conducting radio shows and using other agencies of
advertisements.
(a) To which category of diseases AIDS belong?
(b) Name its causative organism.
22. Rajesh observed a patch of greenish black powdery mass on a stale piece of bread. 2
(a) Name the organism responsible for this and its specific mode of asexual reproduction.
(b) Name its vegetative and reproductive parts
23. (a) Trace the path a male gamete takes to fertilise a female gamete after being released from the 2
penis.
(b) State the number of sets of chromosomes present in a zygote.
24. State the post-fertilisation changes that lead to fruit formation in plants. 2
25. Ravi cultivated mustard, a plant with bisexual flowers, on his farm. His plants were diseased 2
due to a gene defect and therefore had reduced yield. Ravi removed the stamens from the
diseased plants and also planted fresh disease-free mustard plants where he removed the
pistils. How will Ravi's strategy help in improving the yield of mustard?
26. In a germinating seed, which parts are known as future shoot and future root? Mention the 2
function of cotyledon.
Section - C
Short answer questions
27. Explain with the help of labelled diagrams the development that takes place in each of the 3
 body parts of a Planaria where body is cut into three pieces. Note this process and give an
example of an organism in which a similar process can be observed.
28. (a) List any four methods of contraception used by humans. 3
(b) How does the use of these methods have a direct effect on the heath and prosperity of a
family?
29. Draw a longitudinal section of a flower and label the following parts – 3
(a) Part that develops into a fruit
(b) Part that produces pollen grain
(c) Part that transfers male gametes
(d) Part that is sticky to trap
30. List two functions each of the following points of human female reproductive system 3
(a) Ovaries (b) Fallopian tubes (c) Uterus
31. What is placenta? Write any two major functions of placenta. 3
Section-D
Long answer questions.
32. Trace the changes that take place in a flower from gamete formation to fruit formation. 5
33. (a) Certain specialised cells in animals called stem cells have the ability to divide and 5
differentiate into different cell types. This helps in the replacement of a damaged organ. Name
and explain two methods of asexual reproduction that are similar to stem cells and occur
mostly in multicellular organisms.
(b) Identify TWO pairs of reproductive organs in males and females that are functionally similar
to each other. Justify.
34. (a) Why is it not possible to reconstruct the whole organism from a fragment in complex 5
multicellular organisms?
(b) Sexual maturation of reproductive tissues and organs are necessary link for reproduction.
Elucidate.
35. (a) How are variations useful for species if there is drastic alteration in the niches? 5
(b) Explain how the uterus and placenta provide necessary conditions for proper growth and
development of the embryo after implantation.
36. Given below are certain situations. Analyze and describe its possible impact on a person: 5
(a) Testes of a male boy are not able to descend into scrotum during his embryonic development.
(b) Vas deferens of a man is plugged.
(c) Prostate and seminal vesicles are not functional.
(d) Egg is not fertilised in a human female.
(e) Placenta does not attach to the uterus optimally.
37. (a) Describe the various steps involved in the process of binary fission with the help of a diagram. 5
(b) Why do multicellular organisms use complex way of reproduction?
38. (a) Describe the role of prostate gland, seminal vesicle and testes in the human male reproductive 5
system.
(b) How is the surgical removal of unwanted pregnancies misused?
(c) Explain the role of oral contraceptive pills in preventing conception.
39. (a) Draw the diagram of female reproductive system and match and mark the part(s): 5
i) Where block is created surgically to prevent fertilization.
ii) Where Copper-T is inserted.
iii) Inside which diaphragm can be placed.
(b) Why do more and more people prefer to use condoms? What is the principle behind use of
condoms?
SECTION – E
Case-based/data -based questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts. Internal choice is
provided in one of these sub-parts.
40. The reproductive parts of angiosperms are located in the flower. You have already studied 4
the different parts of a flower – sepals, petals, stamens and pistil. Stamens and pistil are the
 reproductive parts of a flower which contain the germ-cells. The flower may be unisexual
(papaya, watermelon) when it contains either stamens or pistil or bisexual (Hibiscus,
mustard) when it contains both stamens and pistil.
(a) Name the male and female reproductive part of a flower.
(b) What will be the fate of ovary and ovule after fertilisation?
(c) What is pollination? State the types of pollination.
OR
Write any two points of difference between fertilization and pollination.

CHAPTER- 8 HEREDITY
1. If a pure tall pea plant is crossed with a pure dwarf pea plant, then, what percentage of F1 and 1
F2 generation respectively will be tall?
(a) 25%, 25% (b) 50%, 50%
(c) 75%,100% (d) 100%, 75%
2. A plant heterozygous for tallness is self-crossed, the F2 generation has both tall & dwarf 1
plants. This proves the principle of
(a) Dominance (b) Sex Chromosomes
(d) Segregation (d) Incomplete Dominance
3. Pea plants were more suitable than cats for Mendel’s experiment because 1
(a) Cats have many genetic traits
(b) No pedigree records of cats
(c) Pea plants can be self- pollinated or cross – pollinated
(d) Pea plants favor cross pollination

4. In cattle, having horns is a recessive trait (h) to not having horns (H). When cattle with horns 1
are crossed with cattle that do not have horns, the number of offspring having horns was equal
to those not having horns. Which of the following is MOST LIKELY to be true?
(a) Both parents are homozygous dominant.
(b) One parent is homozygous dominant.
(c) Both parents are heterozygous.
(d) One parent is heterozygous.
5. A gamete contains which of the following? 1
(a) Both alleles of a gene (b) Only one allele of a gene
(c) All alleles of a gene (d) No allele of a gene
6. ___________ is responsible for keeping the identity of a population. 1
(a) Variation (b) Sex Chromosome
(c) Nucleus (d) Heredity
7. A pair of contrasting characters is called 1
(a) Phenotype (b) Allele
(c) Genotype (d) gene
8. A normal cell of a human body contains 23 pairs of chromosomes. The number of 1
chromosomes in a sex cell (sperm or ovum cell) of a human being is most likely to be: -
(a) 46 (b) 23
(c) 21 (d) 42
9. On crossing of two heterozygous smooth seeded plants (Rr), a total of 1000 plants were 1
obtained in F1 generation. What will be the respective number of smooth and wrinkled seeds
obtained in F1 generation?
 (a) 750, 250 (b) 500, 500
(c) 800, 200 (d) 950, 50
10. If a round and green seeded pea plant (RRyy) is crossed with wrinkled and yellow seeded 1
pea plant (rryy), the seeds produced in F1 generation are:
(a) wrinkled and yellow (b) round and green
(c) wrinkled and green (d) round and yellow
11. A homogeneous dominant guinea pig with black fur is crossed with a homozygous guinea 1
pig with white fur. The F1 generation is crossed with itself. What percentage of F2 generation
is expected to show white fur coat?
(a) 25% (b) 50%
(c) 75% (d) 100%
12. What is the scientific name “PEA PLANT’’? 1
(a) Tagetes (b) Pisum sativum
(c) Rosa rubiginosa (d) Hibiscus rosasinesis
13. The inheritance of color trait in flower is as shown. R and 1
r denote two different genes for color. Which law of
Mendel can be explained using the image?
(a) Only Law of segregation
(b) Only Law of independent assortment
(c) Law of segregation and Law of dominance
(d) Law of segregation and Law of independent assortment

14. Attached earlobes in humans is inherited condition. The allele for attached earlobes is 1
recessive. What are the chances of parents, both having attached earlobes, to have a child
with attached earlobes?
(a) 0% (b) 75%
(c) 25% (d) 100%
15. Height of a plant is regulated by: 1
(a) DNA which is directly influenced by growth hormone
(b) Genes which regulate the proteins directly
(c) Growth hormones under the influence of the enzymes coded by a gene.
(d) Growth hormones directly under the influence a gene.
16. Assertion: Variations always provide a survival advantage to an organism. 1
Reasons: Variations can be caused due to incorrect DNA copying.
17. Assertion: A geneticist crossed a pea plant having violet flowers with a pea plant with white 1
flowers, he got all violet flowers in first generation.
Reason: White colour gene is not passed on to next generation.
18. Assertion: Height in pea plants is controlled by efficiency of enzymes and is thus genetically 1
controlled.
Reason: Cellular DNA is the information source for making proteins in the cell.

Section-B
Very short answer questions
19. Mustard was growing in two fields - A and B. While Field A produced brown - coloured 2
seeds, field B produced yellow - coloured seeds. It was observed that in field A, the offsprings
showed only the parental trait for consecutive generations, whereas in field B, majority of the
 offsprings showed a variation in the progeny. What are the probable reasons for these?
20. In an asexually reproducing species, if a trait X exists in 5% of a population and trait Y exists 2
in 70% of the same population, which of the two trait is likely to have arisen earlier? Give
reason.
Section-C
Short answer questions
21. (a) Why did Mendel choose garden pea for his experiments? Write two reasons. 3
(b) List two contrasting visible characters of garden pea Mendel used for his experiment.
22. How do Mendel’s experiments show that traits may be dominant or recessive? 3
23. Two pea plants - one with round yellow seeds (RRYY) and another with wrinkled green 3
(rryy) seeds produce F1 progeny that have round, yellow (RrYy) seeds. When F1 plants are
self-pollinated, which new combination of characters is expected in F2 progeny? How many
seeds with these new combinations of characters will be produced when a total 160 seeds are
produced in F2 generation? Explain with reason.
24. The gene for red hair is recessive to the gene for black hair. What will be the hair colour of a 3
child if he inherits a gene for red colour from his mother and a gene for black hair from his
father? Express with the help of flow chart.
25. In a pea plant, the trait of flowers bearing purple colour (PP) is dominant over white colour 3
(pp). Explain the inheritance pattern of F1 and F2 generations with the help of a cross
following the rules of inheritance of traits. State the visible characters of F1and F2 progenies
26. After self-pollination in pea plants with round, yellow seeds, following types of seeds were 3
obtained by Mendel:

Analyse the result and describe the mechanism of inheritance which explains these results.
27. In humans, there is a 50% probability of the birth of a boy and 50 % probability that a girl 3
will be born. Justify the statement on the basis of the mechanism of sex-determination in
human beings.
28. “Different species use different strategies to determine sex of a new born individual. It can 3
be environmental cues or genetically determined”. Justify this statement giving
reason/example.
Section-D
Long answer questions.
29. (a) Why did Mendel carry out an experiment to study inheritance of two traits in garden pea? 5
(b) What were his findings with respect to inheritance of traits in F1 and F2 generation?
(c) State the ratio obtained in the F2 generation in the above-mentioned experiment.
SECTION – E
Case-based/data -based questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts. Internal choice is
provided in one of these sub-parts.
30. Sahil performed an experiment to study the inheritance pattern of genes. He crossed tall pea 4
plants (TT) with short pea plants (tt) and obtained all tall plants in F1 generation.
(a) What will be set of genes present in the F1 generation?
(b) Give reason why only tall plants are observed in F1 progeny.
(c) When F1 plants were self - pollinated, a total of 800 plants were produced. How many of
these would be tall, medium height or short plants? Give the genotype of F2 generation.
 OR
When F1 plants were cross - pollinated with plants having tt genes, a total of 800 plants were
produced. How many of these would be tall, medium height or short plants? Give the
genotype of F2 generation.
31. Ram and Asha were a married couple. They had four children - one of these children had 4
sickle cell anemia whereas the other four children did not show symptoms. Ram and Asha
did not show symptoms of sickle cell anaemia. The trait for sickle cell anaemia is not linked
to the sex chromosomes.
(a) Is this disease caused by a dominant or recessive trait? Why?
(b) If the child that had sickle cell anaemia got married to a person without a mutation in the
sickle cell anaemia gene, what percentage of their children would have sickle cell anaemia?
Show the cross.
OR
Identify the genetic composition of the sickle cell anaemia trait in Asha and Ram and use that
to predict the genetic composition in the other four children who did not show symptoms that
Ram and Asha had.
32. Pooja has green eyes while her parents and brother have black eyes. Pooja’s husband Ravi 4
has black eyes while his mother has green eyes and father has black eyes.
(a) On the basis of the above given information, is the green eye colour a dominant or recessive
trait? Justify your answer.
(b) What is the possible genetic makeup of Pooja’s brother’s eye colour?
(c) What is the probability that the offspring of Pooja and Ravi will have green eyes? Also,
show the inheritance of eye colour in the offspring with the help of a suitable cross.
OR
50% of the offspring of Pooja’s brother are green eyed. With help of cross show how this is
possible
33. Figures (a) to (d) given below represent the type of ear lobes present in a family consisting 4
of 2 children – Rahul, Nisha and their parents.

Excited by his observation of different types of ear lobes present in his family, Rahul
conducted a survey of the type of ear lobes found {Figure (e) and (f)} in his classmates. He
found two types of ear lobes in his classmates as per the frequency given below:

On the basis of above data answer the following questions.

(a) Which of the two characteristics - ‘free ear lobe’ or ‘attached ear lobe’ appears to be dominant
in this case? Why?
(b) Is the inheritance of the free ear lobe linked with sex of the individual? Give reason for your
answer.
(c) What type of ear lobe is present in father, mother, Rahul and his sister Nisha? Write the
genetic constitution of each of these family members which explains the inheritance of this
character in this family? (Gene for Free ear lobe is represented by F and gene for attached ear
 lobe is represented by f for writing the genetic constitution).
OR
Suresh’s parents have attached ear lobes. What type of ear lobe can be seen in Suresh and his
sister Siya? Explain by giving the genetic composition of all.
Chapter- 13 Our Environment
1. In 1987, an agreement was formulated by the United Nations Environment Programme 1
(UNEP) to freeze the production of “X” to prevent depletion of “Y”. “X” and “Y”
respectively referred here are:
(a) Ozone; CFCs (b) CFCs; rays UV
(c) CFCs; Ozone (d) UV rays; Diatomic oxygen
2. Which of the following is not a functional component of an ecosystem? 1
(a) Communities (b) Decomposers
(c) Sunlight (d) Energy flow
3. Trophic levels are formed by- 1
(a) only plants (b) only animals
(c) only carnivores (d) organisms linked in food chain
4. A decrease in the grass population will most immediately decrease the available energy for 1
the
(a) mouse (b) snake
(c) hawk (d) frog
5. The percentage of solar radiation absorbed by all the green plants for the process of 1
photosynthesis is about
(a) 1% (b) 5%
(c) 8% (d)10%
6. Select the mismatch pair in the following and correct it. 1
(a) Bio-magnification –Accumulation of chemicals at the successive trophic levels of a food
chain
(b) Ecosystem - Biotic components of environment.
(c) Aquarium - A man made ecosystem
(d) Parasites - Organisms which obtain food from another living organism.
7. Which statement shows interaction of an abiotic component with a biotic component in an 1
ecosystem?
(a) A grasshopper feeding on a leaf.
(b) Rainwater running down into the lake.
(c) An earthworm making a burrow in the soil.
(d) A mouse fighting with another mouse for food.
8. Which of the following pair is incorrect? 1

9. Which set of the organisms belong to the same trophic level? 1

(a) Deer, tiger (b) Rabbit, snake
(c) Plants, Phytoplanktons (d) Phytoplanktons, zooplanktons
10. Which is correct as per food web given below? 1
(a) Fox feeds on hawk obtain energy
(b) Hawk feeds on oak acorn to obtain energy.
(c) Squirrel feeds on pine borer to obtain energy.
(d) Salamander feeds on pine borer to obtain
energy.

11. Plants receive energy from the Sun which they utilise for several processes. The energy 1
utilized for which of the following plant processes gets transferred to the next trophic level
that consumes plants?
(a) only growth
(b) only respiration
(c) only transport of substances and reproduction
(d) all - growth, photosynthesis, respiration and transport of substance
12. The action of which among the following is crucial to the formation of ozone? 1
(a) humans (b) sunlight
(c) carbon dioxide (d) chlorofluorocarbons

13. Which of the following features relates to biodegradable substances? 1

(a) Broken down by biological processes (b) Remain inert
(c) Persist in environment for long time (d) May harm the ecosystem
14. Select the mis matched pair 1

15. Which of the statements given below about Omnivores is correct? 1

(a) They are in the middle of the food chain.
(b) They are either in the middle or at the top of the food chain.
(c) They are at the top of the food chain.
(d) They are capable of modifying the natural food chain.
16. Select the appropriate statements giving the importance of waste segregation 1
i) Less waste goes to the landfills
ii) Better for public health and the environment
iii) Help in reducing the waste
iv) Resulting in deterioration of a waste picker’s health
(a) i and iii (b) i and ii
(c) ii and iii (d) I and iv
17. Assertion: Omnivores receive 10% of their energy from the trophic level below them. 1
Reason: An omnivore is always in the trophic level just above herbivores.
18. Assertion: Food chain is responsible for the entry of harmful chemicals in our bodies. 1
Reason: The length and complexity of food chains vary greatly.
19. Assertion: Greater number of individuals are present in lower trophic levels. 1
Reason: The flow of energy is unidirectional.
20. Assertion: Decomposition of vegetable matter into compost is an endothermic reaction. 1
Reason: Decomposition reaction involves breakdown of a single reactant into simpler
products.
21. Assertion: Biodegradable substances result in the formation of compost and natural 1
replenishment.
Reason: It is due to breakdown of complex inorganic substances into simple organic
substances.
Section-B
Very short answer questions
22. (a) Explain how ozone being a deadly poison can still perform an essential function for our 2
environment.
(b) Give reason why a food chain cannot have more than four trophic levels.
23. State with reason any two possible consequences of elimination of decomposers from the 2
earth.
24. Differentiate between biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances with the help of one 2
example each.
25. In a food chain, if 10,000 joules of energy is available to the producer, how much energy will 2
be available to the secondary consumer to transfer it to the tertiary consumer?
26. In a lake contaminated with pesticides, which one of the following organisms living in the 2
lake will contain the maximum amount of pesticide?
Small fish, Zooplankton, big fish, phytoplankton

27. Shown below are two food pyramids. 2

The pyramid representing the land ecosystem is traditional with producers being greater in
mass than primary consumers and so on. Sometimes, in aquatic ecosystems, an inverted
pyramid exists. Here, the total mass of producers (phytoplankton) is much smaller than the
top consumers (big fishes).
(a) Which level is likely to have the most amount of energy in such an aquatic ecosystem? Give
a reason to support your answer.
(b) Such aquatic ecosystems are not considered to be sustainable. Justify this statement.
28. DDT was sprayed in a lake to regulate breeding of mosquitoes. How would it affect the 2
trophic levels in the following food chain associated with a lake? Justify your answer.

29. In the following food chain, vertical arrows indicate the energy lost to the environment and 2
horizontal arrows indicate energy transferred to the next trophic level. Which one of the three
vertical arrows (A, C and E) and which one of the two horizontal arrows (B and D) will
represent more energy transfer? Give reason for your answer.
30. Study the food chain given below and answer the questions that follow: 2

(a) If the amount of energy available at the third trophic level is 100 joules, then how much
energy will be available at the producer level? Justify your answer.
(b) Is it possible to have 2 more trophic levels in this food chain just before the fourth trophic
level? Justify your answer
31. “Human beings occupy the top level in any food chain.” What are the consequences of this 2
on our body?
Section-C
Short answer questions
32. (a) Create a terrestrial food chain depicting four trophic levels. 3
(b) Why do we not find food chains of more than four trophic levels in nature?
33. The amount of the energy that will be available to the Grass from the sun is 3,00,000J. 3
Calculate the amount of energy available to 3rd trophic level in the following food chain:
Grass – Grasshopper- Rat- Owl
34. How will you create an artificial aquatic ecosystem, which is self-sustainable? 3
35. Some residents of your colony are planning to cut trees to create a place for parking vehicles. 3
You are upset by knowing all this and wanted to do something to create awareness about the
importance of trees. List any three reasons that you will use to convince residents of your
colony not to cut the existing trees.
36. Gas A, found in the upper layers of the atmosphere, is a deadly poison but is essential for all 3
living beings. The amount of this gas started declining sharply in the 1980s.
(a) Identify Gas A. How is it formed at higher levels of the atmosphere?
(b) Why is it essential for all living beings? State the cause for the depletion of this gas.
37. Plastic cups were used to serve tea in trains in early days - these could be returned to the 3
vendors, cleaned and reused. Later, Kulhads were used instead of plastic cups. Now, paper
cups are used for serving tea. What are the reasons for the shift from Plastic to Kulhads and
then finally to paper cups?
38. A lot of waste is generated in neighborhood. However, almost all of it is biodegradable. What 3
impact will it have on the environment or human health?
39. Why is damage to the ozone layer a cause for concern? What are its causes and what steps 3
are being taken to limit this damage?
40. The flow of energy between various components of the environment has been extensively 3
studied. List four findings.
Section-D
Long answer questions.
41. (a) “Improvements in our lifestyle have resulted in greater amounts of waste generation.” Give 5
two examples to support the given statement. Suggest one change that we can incorporate in
our lifestyle in order to reduce nonbiodegradable waste.
 (b) The following organisms form a food chain.
Insect, Hawk, Grass, Snake, Frog
Which of these will have highest concentration of non-biodegradable chemicals? Name the
phenomenon.
42. (a) Create a food chain of the following organisms. 5
Insect, Hawk, Grass, Snake, Frog
(b) Name the organism at the third trophic level of the created food chain.
(c) Which organism of this food chain will have the highest concentration of non-biodegradable
chemicals?
(d) Name the phenomenon associated with it.
(e) If 10,000 Joules of energy is available to frogs, how much energy will be available to snakes
in this food chain?
SECTION – E
Case-based/data -based questions with 2 to 3 short sub-parts. Internal choice is
provided in one of these sub-parts.
43. Each organism is generally eaten by two or more other kinds of organisms which in turn are 4
eaten by several other organisms. So instead of a straight -line food chain, the relationship
can be shown as a series of branching lines called a food web

(a) Define food chain.

(b) Differentiate between the food habits of organisms belonging to first and second trophic
levels.
(c) Why the number of trophic levels is restricted up to four in maximum food chains
OR
The first trophic level in a food chain is always a green plant. Why?