ICSE Board

Class X
Mathematics
Board Paper 2019
(Two hours and a half)
Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be
allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.

Attempt all questions from Section A and any four questions from Section B.
All working, including rough work, must be clearly shown and must be done on the
same sheet as the rest of the answer.
Omission of essential working will result in loss of marks.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
Mathematical tables are provided.

SECTION A (40 Marks)

Attempt all questions from this Section.

Question 1

(a) Solve the following in equation and write down the solution set: [3]

11x  4  15 x  4  13 x  14, x  W

Represent the solution on a real number line.

Ans. The given inequality is:

11x  4  15x  4  13x  14

1
which forms two cases that are:

Case 1: 15x  4  11x  4

Case2: 15x  4  13x  14

Solving the case 1, we have

15x  4  11x  4

 15 x  11x  4  4
 4 x  8
8
x
4
 x  2

Solving the case 2, we get

15x  4  13x  14

 15 x  13 x  14  4
 2 x  10
10
x
2
x  5

So, we get x > −2 and x  5

 2  x  5
Since x  w, Therefore, x= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

(b) A man invests Rs. 4500 in shares of a company which is paying 7.5% dividend. If Rs.
100 shares are available at a discount of 10%. Find: [3]
(i) Number of shares he purchases.

2
(ii) His annual income.

Ans. Given,
Total amount of investment = Rs. 4500
Dividend (%) = 7.5%
Face value = Rs. 100
Discount offered (%) = 10%

Market Value of share = 100 –10% 0f 100

= 100 – 10
= Rs.90

Investment
We know that, Numbers of share =
Market value
4500
=  50 shares
90

Number of share  Dividend percent  Face value

Also, Annual Income =
100
50  7.5  100
=
100
= Rs. 375.0

Hence, the total number of shares purchased is 50 and the annual income is Rs. 375

(c) In class of 40 students, marks obtained by the students a class test (out of 10) are
given below,
Marks 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Number 1 2 3 3 6 10 5 4 3 3
of
students
Calculate the following for the given distribution: [4]
(i) Median

3
(ii) Mode

Ans. Let the marks obtained be represented by x and the number of students be represented
by f
Then, we can arrange the data as:
Marks( x ) Number of students( f ) ( fx )
1 1 1
2 2 4
3 3 9
4 3 12
5 6 30
6 10 60
7 5 35
8 4 32
9 3 27
10 3 30
Total  f = 40  fx = 240

i. We know, Mean =
 fx
f

240
= 6
40

ii. Mode = Class with highest frequency

Here in the above table, we see 10 is the highest frequency
Hence, Mode =6

4
Question 2

(a) Using the factor theorem, show that (x - 2) is a factor of x3  x 2 – 4x – 4 , Hence,

factorise the polynomial completely. [3]

Ans. Let’s take the given polynomial be P(x).

We have P(x) = x3  x 2 – 4x – 4

According to question, (x - 2) is a factor of given polynomial

We know that, under factor theorem, x-a is a factor of P(x) only if P(a) = 0

So, to prove that, we substitute the value of x by 2

P  2   23  22 – 4  2 – 4
P  2  8  4  8  4
P  2  0

Therefore, x-2 is a factor of P(x)

Now, factorising the polynomial, we get

x 3  x 2 – 4x – 4
= x3  4 x  x2  4
 x( x 2  4)  1( x 2  4) [ (a  b )  (a  b)(a  b) ]
2 2

 ( x 2  4)( x  1)
 ( x  2)( x  2)( x  1)

(b) Prove that: (cosec θ - sin θ)(sec θ – cos θ) (tan θ + cot θ) = 1 [3]

Ans. Given, L.H.S= (cosec θ - sin θ)(sec θ – cos θ) (tan θ + cot θ)

5
  1  1   Sinθ Cosθ 
 -Sinθ   -Cosθ   + 
 Sinθ   Cosθ   Cosθ Sinθ 
 1-Sin 2 θ   1-Cos 2 θ   Sin 2 θ+Cos 2 θ 
=   
 Sinθ   Cosθ   Sinθ.Cosθ 
Cos 2 θ Sin 2 θ 1
= . .
Sinθ Cosθ Sinθ.Cosθ
=1
=R.H.S
Hence, L.H.S = R.H. S proved.

(c) In an Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) the fourth and sixth terms are 8 and 14
respectively, Find the:[4]
(i) First term
(ii) Common difference
(iii) Sum of the first 20 terms

Ans.
Let the first term of A.P be ‘a’ and common difference be ‘d’.

Then using formula a n =a+(n-1)d to get nth term, we get

a 4 =a+(4-1)d
 8=a+3d................(i)
[Given: Fourth term is 8 and sixth term is 14]

Also,
a 6 =a+(6-1)d
 14=a+5d..............(ii)

Now, solving (i) and (ii) simultaneously, we get

6
a+3d-a-5d = 8-14
 -2d =-6
d = 3

Putting value of d in (i), we get

a +3×3 = 8
 a+9 = 8
a = -1

n
We know that, the sum of first n terms =  2a+(n-1)d 
2

20
S 20   2(-1)+(20-1)3
So, the sum of first 20 terms 2 
 10(2  19  3)
 10(2  57)
 10  55
 550

Question 3

(a) Simplify: [3]

 SinA -CosA   CosA SinA 

SinA   +CosA  
CosA SinA  -SinA CosA 

7
Ans.

 SinA -CosA   CosA SinA 

SinA   +CosA  
CosA SinA  -SinA CosA 

 Sin 2 A -SinA.CosA   Cos 2 A CosA.SinA 

=  +  
SinA.CosA Sin 2 A  -CosA.SinA Cos 2 A 

 Sin 2 A+Cos 2 A -SinA.CosA+CosA.SinA 

= 
SinA.CosA+(-CosA.SinA) Sin 2 A+Cos 2 A 

 1 -SinA.CosA+CosA.SinA 
= [ Sin 2 A+Cos 2 A=1]
SinA.CosA-CosA.SinA) 1 

1 0 
= 
0 1 

(b) M and N are two points on the X axis and Y axis respectively. P(3, 2) divides the line
segment MN in the ratio 2 : 3. Find: [3]
(i) The coordinates of M and N
(ii) Slope of the line MN.

Ans.
Let the co ordinates of M and N be (a,0) and (0,b) on x-axis and y- axis respectively

We know that,

The co ordinates of the point which divides the line segment joining ( x1 , y1 )and ( x2 , y2 )

 mx  nx1 my2  ny1 

internally in the ratio m:n is  2
m  n 
,
 mn

According to question, P(3,2) divides the line joining M and N internally in the ratio 2:3,

Thus, using the above formula, we get

8
 3a 2b 
 ,  =(3,2)
 5 5 

So,
3a
=3
5
3×5
 a=
3
 a=5
And
2b
=2
5
2×5
 b=
2
 b=5

Therefore, the required coordinates of M and N are (5,0) and (0,5)

Now,

M(5,0) and N(0,5)

y2  y1
We know, slope of the line =
x2  x1

50 5
Therefore, Slope of line MN =   1
0  5 5

(c) A solid metallic sphere of radius 6 cm is melted and made into a solid cylinder of
height 32cm. Find the: [4]
(i) Radius of the cylinder
(ii) Curved surface area of the cylinder
Take π = 3.1

9
Ans.
(i) Given, radius of metallic sphere(r) = 6cm

4 3
We know, volume of sphere = r
3
4
Volume of metallic sphere =  (6)3
3

Let r1 be radius of the cylinder

Height of the cylinder (h) = 32cm

We know, volume of cylinder =  r 2 h

Volume of given cylinder =  r12  32

Now, according to question,

Volume of sphere = Volume of cylinder

4
  (6)3   r12  32
3
4
  216  32r12
3
4  216
  r12
3  32
 r12  9
 r1  3

Hence, the radius of the cylinder is 3cm

(ii.) Height of cylinder (h) = 32 cm and radius(r) = 3cm

So, The curved surface area of cylinder = 2 rh
= 2  3.1 3  32
= 595.2
10
Question 4

(a) The following numbers, K + 3, K + 2, 3K - 7 and 2K – 3 are in proportion. Find K.

[3]

Ans. Given that, K + 3, K + 2, 3K - 7 and 2K – 3 are in proportion.

K+3 3K  7
 
K+2 2 K  3
 (K+3)(2K-3) = (3K-7)(K+2)
 2K 2 -3K+6K-9 = 3K 2 +6K-7K-14
 2K 2 +3K-9=3K 2 -K-14
 K 2 -4K-5=0
 K 2 -5K+K-5=0
 (K-5)(K+1)  0
 K  5or  1

(b) Solve for x the quadratic equation x 2 – 4x – 8 = 0 . Give your answer correct to
three significant figures. [3]

Ans.
Given equation, x 2 – 4x – 8 = 0

Comparing it with the quadratic equation ax 2  bx+c =0 , we get

a= 1, b = -4 and c = -8

 b2  4ac  (4) 2  4  1  (8)

= 16+32
= 48

11
 b  b 2  4ac
Substituting this value in the formula x =
2a
We get,

(4)  48
x
2 1
44 3
x
2
 x  22 3
 x  2  2  1.732
 x  2  3.464
 x  5.464 or -1.464

(c) Use ruler and compass only for answering this question. Draw a circle of radius 4
cm. Mark the centre as O. Mark a point P outside the circle at a distance of 7 cm from
the centre, Construct two tangents to the circle from the external point P. Measure and
write down the length of any one tangent.

Ans. Steps for construction are as below:

i. Take measure 4 cm in compass and draw a circle, with center as O.

ii. Draw a straight line from O to P, such that OP = 7cm
iii. Now find the midpoint of OP by drawing a perpendicular bisector
iv. Mark the midpoint as X
v. Take measure of XO in the compass and cut arcs at S and T on the
Circle
vi. Join PS and PT
vii. Measure of PS comes out to be 5.74 cm

12
SECTION B (40 Marks)
Attempt any four questions from this Section.

Question 5

(a) There are 25 discs numbered 1 to 25. They are put in a closed box and shaken
thoroughly. A disc is drawn at random from the box. [3]
Find the probability that the number on the disc is:
(i) An odd number
(ii) Divisible by 2 and 3 both.
(iii) A number less than 16.

Ans.
According to question,
Total number of discs numbered 1 to 25 = 25
So, the number of possible outcomes in the sample space is n(S) = 25
Number of favourable outcomes
We know , Probability of an event =
Total number of possible outcomes

i. Let A be the event of getting an odd number

∴ A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25}
∴ n(A) = 13

13
 n(A) 13
Therefore, the probability of getting an odd number = 
n(S) 25

ii. Let B be the event of getting a number divisible by 2 and 3. To get the numbers which are
divisible by 2 and 3 both, we need to find the numbers which are divisible by 6.
∴ B = {6, 12, 18, 24}
∴ n(B) = 4

n(B) 4
Therefore, the probability of getting an odd number = 
n(S) 25

iii. Let C be the event of getting a number less than 16.

∴ C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7 , 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,15}
∴ n(C) = 15

n(C) 15 3
Therefore, the probability of getting a number less than 16 =  
n(S) 25 5

(b) Rekha opened a recurring deposit account for 20 months. The rate of interest is 9%
per annum and Rekha receives Rs. 441 as interest at the time of maturity. Find the
amount Rekha deposited each month. [3]

Ans.

Given, Rate of interest given by bank (r) = 9%

Time period (n) = 20 months
Interest at the time of maturity = Rs.441

14
Let, the principle deposited every month be P

According to question,

n(n+1) r
P × = 441
2 12×100
20(20+1) 9
P × = 441
2 1200
20×21 9
P × = 441
2 1200
 P×1.575= 441
 P  280

Therefore, the amount deposited by Rekha each month is Rs 280.

(c) Use a graph sheet for this question. [4]

Take 1 cm = 1 unit along both x and y axis.

(i) Plot the following points:

A(0,5), B(3,0), C(1,0), and D(1,-5)

(ii) Reflect the points B, C, and D on the y axis and name them as B’, C’ and D’
respectively.

(iii) Write down the coordinates of B’, C’ and D’.

(iv) Join the points A, B, C, D, D’, C’, B’, A in order and give a name to the closed
figure ABCDD’C’B’.
Ans.

15
Question 6

(a) In the given figure ∠PQR = ∠PST = 90 0 , PQ = 5 cm and PS = 2 cm. [3]

(i) Prove that △PQR = △PST
(ii) Find Area of △PQR: Area of quadrilateral SRQT.

Ans.
Given, PQ = 5cm and PS = 2cm

(i). Here, in △PQR and △PST

∠PQR = ∠PST = 90 0
And RPQ  SPT [ Being common angle]

16
 PQR PST [Being AA similarity]
PQ QR PR 5
So, = = 
PS ST PT 2
ar (PQR ) 52 25
  
ar (PST ) 22 4

4
 ar (PST )  ar (PQR )..........................eq(1)
25

(ii)

ar (PQR ) 52 25
 
ar (PST ) 22 4
ar (PQR )  ar (PST ) 25  4 21
 
ar (PST ) 4 4
ar ( SRQT ) 21

ar (PST ) 4
ar ( SRQT ) 21
 .....................From equation 1
4 4
ar (PQR )
25
ar ( SRQT ) 21 4
 
ar (PQR ) 4 25
ar ( SRQT ) 21

ar (PQR ) 25

(b) The first and last term of a Geometrical Progression (G.P.) are 3 and 96
respectively. If the common ratio is 2, find: [3]
(i) ‘n’ the number of terms of the G.P.
(ii) Sum of the n terms.

Ans. Given first term (a) = 3,last term (l) =96 and common difference (r) = 2.
(i). We know, formula to find nth term of a G.P is an  ar n 1 or l  ar n 1
So, according to question,

17
96 = 3  2n1
 2n 1  32
 2n 1  (2)5
 n 1  5
n  6

(ii). We have, n= 6, r= 2 and a=3

a(r n  1)
Formula for the sum of n terms of a G.P ( S n ) =
r 1
3(26  1)
Sum of 6 terms ( S 6 ) =
2 1
3(64  1)

1
 3  63  189

(c) A hemispherical and a conical hole is scooped out of a solid wooden cylinder. Find
the volume of the remaining solid where the measurements are as follows: The height of
the solid cylinder is 7 cm, radius of each of hemisphere, cone and cylinder is 3 cm.
Height of cone is 3 cm. Give your answer correct to the nearest whole number Take
22
 [4]
7

Ans.
Given, Height of cylinder (h) = 7cm
Radius (r) = 3cm
Volume of cylinder ( V1 ) =  r 2 h

18
  (3)2 7   .63cm3

Height of cone (H) = 3cm

1 2
Volume of cone ( V2 ) = r H
3
1
=  (3) 2 3   9cm3
3
2 3
Volume of hemisphere ( V3 ) = r
3
2
=  (3)3   18cm3
3
According to question,
Volume of remaining solid = V1 - V2 - V3

 .63   9   18
Remaining volume =   (63  9  18)
22
  36
7
 113.14cm3

Question 7

(a) In the given figure AC is a tangent to the circle with centre O. If ADB = 550 , find x
and y, Give reasons for your answer. [3]

19
Ans.
Given that, AC is a tangent to the circle with centre O

And ADB= 550

Here, ABD is a right angled triangle, so BAD  900

We know,
Sum of interior angles of a triangle = 180 0
ADB  BAD  ABD  1800
 550  900  ABD  1800
 ABD  1800  145
 ABD  350

Since, AOE is subtended at the centre and EBA on the circle by the arc AE,
Thus, 2 ABD = AOE
AOE = 2×35
y = 70 0

In AOC , OAC  900

Sum of interior angles of triangle = 180 0

20
 OAC  AOC  ACO  1800
 900  y  x  1800
 x  y  900
 x  350  90
 x  550

(b) The model of a building is constructed with scale factor 1: 30. [3]
(i) If the height of the model is 80 cm, find the actual height of the building in meters.
(ii) If the actual volume of a tank at the top of the building is 27m3 , find the
volume of the tank on the top of the model.

Ans. Given scale factor is 1:30

(i). The ratio of height of the model and building is 1:30

So, if height of the model is 80cm
Then, the actual height of the building = 80×30= 2400 cm = 24m

(i)i. Given, actual volume of tank = 27m3

Given scale factor =1:30
Here,
10
1m  cm
3
3
 10 
(1m)   
3

 3
1000 3
1m3  cm
27

1000
Then, 27m3   27  1000cm3
27

Now,

21
1cm3  0.001litres
1000cm3  0.001  1000  1litres

Therefore, the required volume of model tank is 1litres.

4 2
(c)Given, M=6I , where M is a matrix and 1 is unit matrix of order 2 x 2. [4]
1 1

(i) State the order of matrix M.

(ii) Find the matrix M

Ans.

4 2
(i) M=6I
1 1

For matrix multiplication, the number of columns in first matrix should be equal to the
number of rows in the other matrix and the resulting matrix will have order as below:

mn
 nq
 mq

As given:
4 2 6 0
M=
1 1 0 6

So, the order of M should be 2 x 2

p q
Let M =
r s

4 2 4 2 p q 4 p  2r 4q  2 s
M=  
1 1 1 1 r s p  r q  s

22
 4 p  2r 4q  2 s 6 0
 
p  r q  s 0 6
4 p  2r  6.................eq1
 p  r  0.................eq 2
4q  2 s  0.................eq3
 q  s  6.................eq 4
From eq2 we get,
rp
Substituting the value of r in eq1
4r  2r  6
6r  6
r 1
 p 1
From eq4 we get,
s  6q
Substituting the value of r in eq3
4q  2  6  q   0
4q  12  2q  0
6q  12
q  2
 s  62  4
1 2
Therefore, M =
1 4

Question 8

(a) The sum of the first three terms of an Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) is 42 and the
product of the first and third term is 52. Find the first term and the common
difference. [3]

Ans. Let the first term of A.P be a and the common difference be d.
So, the first three terms could be a-d, a, and a+d.

23
According to question,

a-d+a+a+d= 42
 3a =42
42
a = =14..........(1)
3
And,
(a-d)(a+d )= 52
 a 2 -d 2  52 [ (a+b)(a-b) = a 2  b 2 ]
Putting value of a from (1), we get
 (14) 2  d 2  52
 196  52  d 2
 d 2  144
 d  12

(b) The vertices of a △ABC are A(3, 8), B(-1, 2) and C(6, -6), Find: [3]
(i) Slope of BC.
(ii) Equation of a line perpendicular to BC and passing through A.

Ans. Given, the vertices of triangle ABC are A(3, 8), B(-1, 2) and C(6, -6)
y2  y1
i.e. know, slope of line =
x2  x1
6  2 8
 Slope of BC = 
6  (1) 7

ii. Let AE be the line which is perpendicular to BC and passes through A

1
So, Slope of AE =  [ AE is perpendicular to BC]
Slope of BC

 
 1  7
Slope of AE =   
8
   8
 7

24
Now, we have
7
Slope of AE (m) = and A (3,8)
8
Equation of line AE
7
 y 8  ( x  3)
8
 8 y  64  7 x  21
 7 x  8 y  21  64  0
 7 x  8 y  43  0

(c) Using ruler and a compass only construct a semi-circle with diameter BC = 7cm.
Locate a point A on the circumference of the semicircle such that A is equidistant
from B and C. Complete the cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, such that D is equidistant
from AB and BC. Measure ∠ADC and write it down. [4]

Ans.
1) Construct a semi-circle with diameter BC = 7 cm i.e. radius 3.5 cm
2) Draw the perpendicular bisector of BC and extend it to touch the semi-circle
3) Mark this point as A (Since A should be equidistant from B and C)
4) Join AB and AC
5) Draw the angle bisector of angle ABC and extend it to meet the semi-circle
6) Mark this point as D (D is equidistant from AB and BC)
7) Join AD and CD

8) Measure of ADC is 1350

25
Question 9

(a) The data on the number of patients attending a hospital in a month are given below.
Find the average (mean) number of patients attending the hospital in a month by using
the shortcut method. [3]
Take the assumed mean as 45. Give your answer correct to 2 decimal places.

Number 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70

of patients
Number 5 2 7 9 2 5
of days

26
Ans. Given, Assumed mean (A) = 45
The frequency table can be obtained using the data above:
Number of Mid-point(x) Number of d = x-A fd
patients days(f) =x- 45
10-20 15 5 -30 -150
20-30 25 2 -20 -40
30-40 35 7 -10 -70
40-50 45 9 0 0
50-60 55 2 10 20
60-70 65 5 20 100

 f = 30  fd = -140

We have formula for mean = A+

 fd
f
Mean number of patients attending the hospital in a day
140
= 45   45 – 4.667  40.33
30

Hence, the mean or average number of patients attending the hospital in a month
 40.33  30
 1209.9

(b) Using properties of proportion solve for x, given. [3]

5x  2 x  6
4
5x  2 x  6

5x  2 x  6
Ans. Given, 4
5x  2 x  6

27
Using rationalization, we get

5x  2 x  6 5x  2 x  6
 4
5x  2 x  6 5x  2x  6

   
2 2
5x 2x  6
 4
 5x    2x  6 
2 2

5x  2 5x 2 x  6  2 x  6
 4
5x  2 x  6
 7 x  2 5 x 2 x  6  6  4(3 x  6)
 7 x  2 5 x 2 x  6  6  12 x  24
 2 5 x 2 x  6  5 x  30
Squaring both the sides,we get

2    5 x  30 
2
5x 2 x  6
2

 4  5 x(2 x  6)  25 x 2  300 x  900

 20 x(2 x  6)  25 x 2  300 x  900
 40 x 2  120 x  25 x 2  300 x  900
 15 x 2  420 x  900  0
 x 2  28 x  60  0
 x 2  30 x  2 x  60  0
 x( x  30)  2( x  30)  0
 ( x  30)( x  2)  0
 x  30 or  2

(c) Sachin invests Rs. 8500 in 10%, Rs. 100 shares at Rs. 170 He sells the shares when
the price of each share rises by Rs. 30. He invests the proceeds in 12% Rs. 100 shares at
Rs. 125, Find:[4]
(i) The sale proceeds
(ii) The number of Rs. 125 shares he buys.
(iii) The change in his annual income.

28
Ans.
Purchase price of each share = Rs. 170
8500
Then, number shares purchased for Rs.8500 =  50
170
As the price of share increases by Rs. 30,

So,
Selling price of each share = Rs. (170 +30) = Rs.200

i. Sale proceeds shares = Rs. (200 × 50) = Rs. 10000

10000
ii. The number of shares purchased at Rs. 125 each =  80
125

iii. Initially,

Total face value of share = Face value of each share× numbers of share
= 100× 50= Rs.5000

Dividend = 10% of total face value

10
= ×5000 = Rs.500
100

After the price of share rises by Rs.30,

Total face value of share = 100×80= Rs. 8000

12
And, Dividend = 12% of 8000 =  8000  Rs.960
100

Hence, the change in annual income = Rs.(960-500) =Rs. 460

29
Question 10

(a) Use graph paper for this question. The marks obtained by 120 students in an English
test are given below. [6]

Marks 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-
100
No. of 5 9 16 22 26 18 11 6 4 3
students

Draw the ogive and hence, estimate:

(i) The median marks.
(ii) The number of students who did not pass the test if the pass percentage was
50.
(iii) The upper quartile marks.

Ans. We have to prepare a frequency table first,

Class Interval Frequency Cumulative frequency
0-10 5 5
10-20 9 14
20-30 16 30
30-40 22 52
40-50 26 78
50-60 18 96
60-70 11 107
70-80 6 113
80-90 4 117

90-100 3 120

30
 n 120
Here, n =120 and   60
2 2

i. Through mark 60, draw a line segment parallel to x-axis which meets the curve at A. From
A, draw a line parallel to y- axis which meets the x-axis at point B. Therefore,

Median = 43

ii. Number of students who did not pass the test = the students who obtained less than 50 %
marks =5+9+16+22+26=78

th
 3n 
iii. The formula for upper quartile =   term.
 4 

 3  120 
th
th
Therefore, the upper quartile marks =   term = 90 term= 117
 4 

31
(b) A man observes the angle of elevation of the top of the lower to be 450 . He walks
towards it in a horizontal line through its base. On covering 20 m the angle of elevation
changes to 60 0 . Find the height of the tower correct to 2 significant figures. [4]

Ans.
Let PQ be the height of the tower and R and S be two positions of man from where the angle
of elevation was formed.

According to question, RS = 20m, QSP  450 and QRP  600

Let PQ = h and RP = x

Then, in QSP ,

PQ
tan 450 
SP
h
 tan 450  [ Being right angled triangle & tan 450  1 ]
20  x
 20  x  h
 x  h  20

Similarly, in PQR

PQ
tan 600 
RP
h
 3
x
h
x
3

h
h  20 
Now, we can write, 3 [Combining the above equations]

32
 3( h  20)  h
 3h  20 3  h
 3h  h  20 3
 h( 3  1)  20 3
20 3
h
( 3  1)
 h  47.32

Hence, the height of the tower is 47.32m.

Question 11
(a) Using the Remainder Theorem find the remainders obtained when
x3   kx  8 x  k is divided by x + 1 and x – 2.Hence find k if the sum of the

two remainders is 1. [3]

Ans.
Let P(x) be a polynomial
So, we have P(x) = x 3   kx  8 x  k

When P(x) is divided by (x+1) and (x-2), the remainder is P(-1) and P(2) respectively.
 (1)3  [k (1)  8]  1  k
Now, P(-1)  1  (k  8)  k
 2k  9
And,
 (2)3  [k (2)  8]2  k
 8  (2k  8)2  k
P(2)
 8  4k  16  k
 5k  24

According to question, the sum of the two remainders is 1

i.e.

33
P  1  P  2   1

 (2k-9) + (5k+24) =1
 2k-9+5k+24=1
 7k+15=1
 7k = -14
k = −2

(b) The product of two consecutive natural numbers which are multiples of 3 is equal to
810. Find the two numbers. [3]

Ans. Let the two consecutive natural numbers which are multiple of 3 be 3x and (3x+3)

Then, according to question,

Product of the numbers = 810

 3 x  (3 x  3)  810
 9 x 2  9 x  810
 x 2  x  90
 x 2  x  90  0
 x 2  10 x  9 x  90  0
 x( x  10)  9( x  10)  0
 ( x  10)( x  9)  0
 x  10or 9

Taking x=9, we get 3x = 3×9 = 27

And (3x+3) = (3×9+3) = 30

Taking x= -10, we get 3x= 3×-10 = −30

And, (3x+3) = [3×(-10)+3]=−27

Hence, the required numbers are 27 and 30 or −27 and −30

34
(c) In the given figure, ABCDE is a pentagon inscribed in a circle such that AC is a
diameter and side BC||AE. If ∠BAC = 50°, find giving reasons: [4]
(i) ∠ACB
(ii) ∠EDC
(iii) ∠BEC
Hence prove that BE is also a diameter.

Ans. Given that, ABCDE is a pentagon inscribed in a circle such that AC is the diameter of
circle and BC||AE.
And , BAC  500

Here, ABC is right angled triangle , so ABC  900

Now,
ABC  BAC  ACB  1800
 500  900  ACB  180
[Sum of interior angles of triangle = 180 0 ]
 ACB  180  140
0
0

 ACB  400

Since, BC||AE
 ACB  EAC  400 [Being alternate angle]

Again, in AEC , AEC  900

[Sum of interior angles of triangle = 180 0 ]

AEC  EAC  ACE  1800
 900  400  ACE  180
 ACE  180  1300
0

 ACE  500

And, BAC  500

Therefore, AB||CE

35
[ Being alternate angles made by transversal AC with lines CE&AB,equal]

Now, BAE  500  400  900

Also, since  EAB is subtended by EB on the circle

So,BE is a diameter of the given circle.

Here, AEDC is cyclic quadrilateral

So,
 EAC +  EDC = 180 0
 400 +  EDC = 180 0
  EDC = 140 0

Now,
We see that Arc BC subtends angles  BAC and  BEC on the same side of the circle
Therefore,
 BAC =  BEC = 50 0

36