INSTITUTE OF BASIC AND BIOMECAL SCIENCES

MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT

MAT 101 TUTORIAL 2: FUNCTIONS AND EQUATIONS MARCH, 2024

1. Let 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏}, 𝐵 = {𝑐, 𝑑} and 𝐶 = {𝑑, 𝑒}. Find:

(i) 𝐴 × 𝐵 (ii) 𝐴 × (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) (iii) 𝐴 × (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶)

2. If 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑑}, 𝐵 = {𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑒} and 𝐶 = {𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑓}

(a) Find (i) 𝐴 × 𝐵 (ii) 𝐵 × 𝐶 (iii) 𝐴 × 𝐵 × 𝐶

(b) Verify that (i) 𝐴 × (𝐵 ∪ 𝐶) = (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∪ (𝐴 × 𝐶)

(ii) 𝐴 × (𝐵 ∩ 𝐶) = (𝐴 × 𝐵) ∩ (𝐴 × 𝐶)

(iii) 𝐴 × (𝐵 − 𝐶) = (𝐴 × 𝐵) − (𝐴 × 𝐶)

3. (a) If 𝑃 = {1,2}, find 𝑃 × 𝑃 × 𝑃

(b) Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be two non-empty sets such that 𝐴 × 𝐵 consists of 6 elements. If three elements

of 𝐴 × 𝐵 are (1,4), (2,6), (3,6). Find (i) 𝐴 × 𝐵 (ii) 𝐵 × 𝐴

4. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, … , 250} and 𝑅 be a relation “is the cube root of” in 𝐴. Find:

(i) 𝑅 and 𝑅 −1 (ii) The domain and range of 𝑅 and 𝑅 −1

5. If 𝐴 = {4, 6, 8, 10} and 𝐵 = {2, 3, 4, 5}, let 𝑅 be a relation from 𝐴 𝑡𝑜 𝐵 defined by

𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵, 𝑦 ∈ 𝐴 and 𝑥 is a factor of 𝑦}. Find:

(i) 𝑅 in Roster form (ii) Domain of 𝑅 (iii) Range of 𝑅

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6. Let 𝐴 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} and 𝐵 = {1, 3, 5} be two sets and let 𝑅 be a relation “less than” from 𝐴
to 𝐵. Find

(i) 𝑅 and 𝑅 −1 (ii) The domain and range of 𝑅 and 𝑅 −1

7. Let 𝑋 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} be a set. Consider the relations 𝑓 = {(1,3), (2,5), (3,3), (4,1), (5,2)}
and 𝑔 = {(1,4), (2,1), (3,1), (4,2), (5,3)} From 𝑋 into 𝑋.

(i) Determine the range of 𝑓 and 𝑔 (ii) Find the composition functions 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓 and 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔.

8. Which of the following relations are functions from 𝐴 to 𝐵. State their domain and range. If it

is not a function give a reason?

(i) 𝑅 = {(1, −2), (3,7), (4, −6), (8,1)}, 𝐴 = {1, 3, 4, 8} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = {−2, 7, −6, 1, 2}.

(ii) 𝑅 = {(1,0), (1, −1), (2,3), (4,10)}, 𝐴 = {1, 2, 4} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = {0, −1, 3, 10}.

(iii) 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏), (𝑏, 𝑐), (𝑐, 𝑏), (𝑑, 𝑐)}, 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = {𝑏, 𝑐}.

(iv) 𝑅 = {(2,4), (3,9), (4,16), (5,25), (6,36)}, 𝐴 = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = {4, 9, 16, 25, 36}.

(v) 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 1), (𝑏, 2), (𝑐, 4), (𝑎, 2), (𝑑, 5)}, 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.

9. Which of the following relations are functions.

1
(a) 𝑦 = −𝑥, 𝑥 ∈ ℝ (b) 𝑦 = √𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0 (c) 𝑦 = 𝑥−1 , 𝑥 ≥ 0

10. Find the domain of the following functions:

𝑥−1 1
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥2 − 4 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥 2 −1 √(𝑥−3)(7+𝑥)

11. Find the range of the following functions:

|𝑥−1| 𝑥 2 −1
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥 (iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = √1 − 𝑥 2
𝑥−1 𝑥−1

12. Determine which of the following functions are one-to-one. If the function is one-to-one find

the inverse.

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(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4 + 3𝑥 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3 (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 − 5 (iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+7

𝑥+4
(v) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−3 (vi) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 2|

13. Find (𝑓 ∘ 𝑔)(𝑥), (𝑔 ∘ 𝑓)(𝑥) and the domain of each, for the following functions:

5
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 3

6 1 𝑥+1 1
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥+1 (iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−1
𝑥

14. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 3 and 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 − 5,

(i) Find the functions 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔 and 𝑔 ∘ 𝑓.

(ii) State the domain of 𝑓 and the range of 𝑓 ∘ 𝑔.

(iii) Show that there are no real values of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥).

15. Determine whether the following functions are even, odd or neither even nor odd:

(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 6 − 3𝑥 2 − 7 (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2|𝑥 3 | − 3𝑥

(iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 7 − 6𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 (v) 𝑓(𝑥) = 3|𝑥| + 𝑥

16. Sketch the following functions:

(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥| + 2 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 3| − 3 (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = −2|𝑥| + 1

𝑥2, 𝑥 < 0 −𝑥, 𝑥 < 1

(iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = { (v) 𝑓(𝑥) = { 3 (vi) 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 4)3 − 3
−√𝑥, 𝑥 ≥ 0 𝑥 + 1, 𝑥 ≥ 1

17. (a) For the equation 𝑥 2 + (𝑘 − 2)𝑥 + 1 = 0, find

(i) the values of 𝑘 for which the roots are equal

(ii) the range of values of 𝑘 for which the roots are complex.

(b) If the roots of 𝑥 2 + 𝑝𝑥 + (𝑝 − 1) = 0 are equal, find 𝑝.

(c) The roots of the equation 𝑝𝑥 2 + (1 + 𝑞)𝑥 + 5 = 0, 𝑝 > 0, 𝑞 > 0 are 𝛼 and 𝛽. Given that

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𝛼 = 2𝛽, show that 𝑞 + 1 = 2 √10𝑝.

(d) Find the value of 𝑝 for which the given equation has real roots.

(i) 𝑥 2 + (𝑝 + 3)𝑥 + 4𝑝 = 0 (ii) 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 𝑝𝑥

(e) Given that 𝑘 is a real constant such that 0 < 𝑘 < 1. Show that the roots of the equation

𝑘𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + (1 − 𝑘) = 0, are always real

18. (a) If 𝛼 and 𝛽, 𝛼 > 𝛽, are the roots of the equation 2𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 = 0, find the value of.

𝛼+𝛽 𝛽 𝛼
(i) 𝛼 + 𝛽 (ii) 𝛼𝛽 (iii) 𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 (iv) (v) + (vi) 𝛼 − 𝛽
𝛼𝛽 𝛼 𝛽

(b) If 𝛼 and 𝛽, are the roots of the equation 2𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 3 = 0, find without solving the equation,

2 2
(i) the value of 𝛼 3 + 𝛽 3 (ii) the equations whose roots are , and 2𝛼, 2𝛽.
𝛼 𝛽

(c) If the roots of the equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 differ by 2, show that 𝑏 2 = 4𝑎𝑐 + 4𝑎2 .

(d) If the roots of the equation 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 1 = 0 are 𝛼 and 𝛽, find

1 1 1 1
(i) the value of 1 + 𝛼 + 𝛽 (ii) the equation with roots 𝛼 + 𝛼 and 𝛽 + 𝛽

19. Determine the nature of the roots of the equation:

(i) 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 7 = 0 (ii) 3𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 5 = 0 (iii) 𝑎𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎 = 0

(iv) 2 + 9𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = 0

20. Find the range of values of 𝑥 that satisfy the following inequalities:

(i) 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 > 0 (ii) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 15 ≥ 0 (iii) 2𝑥 2 − 1 ≤ 0

(iv) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 15 ≤ 0 (v) 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15 ≥ 0

21. Sketch the following functions stating the vertex, line of symmetry, 𝑥 −intercept, 𝑦 −intercept,

and maximum or minimum:

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 (i) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 4 (ii) 𝑦 = 4 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 2 (iii) 𝑦 = −4𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 − 5

(iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 5 (v) 𝑓(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 3 (vi) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 3

22. Sketch the following functions, by clearly stating the horizontal, vertical and oblique (slant)
asymptote (s):

−2 1 𝑥−2 𝑥2 −1
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = + 2 (iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2−𝑥−2 (iv) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2+𝑥−6
𝑥−3 𝑥−1

𝑥−1
(v) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥2−2𝑥−3

APPLICATIONS OF FUNCTIONS AND RELATIONS

1. Write the corresponding functions and state the domain, of the following statements:
The recommended minimum amount of dietary fiber needed each day for each children
aged 5 and older is the child’s age, in years, plus 7 grams of fiber.
2. The minimum weight of a woman, in grams, is estimated by multiplying her height, in
meters, by 10 and adding 45kg. Let 𝑊=the minimum ideal weight and ℎ=height.
(i) Express 𝑊 as a linear function of ℎ.
(ii) Find the minimum ideal weight of a woman whose height is 1.6𝑚.
3. A stone is thrown into a pond, creating a circular ripple that spreads over the pond in such
a way that the radius is increasing at the rate of 2𝑚/𝑠.
(i) Find the function 𝑟(𝑡) for the radius in terms of 𝑡.
(ii) Find the function 𝐴(𝑟) for the area of the ripple in terms of the radius 𝑟.
(iii) Find (𝐴 ∘ 𝑟)(𝑡). Explain the meaning of this function.

4. The amount of medicine in Sipalo’s blood is given by the function 𝑀(𝑡) = 8𝑡 − 𝑡 2 , where

𝑡 is the number of hours.

(i) Find the amount of medicine in Sipalo’s blood after

(a) 1 hour (b) 1 hour 30 minutes (c) 8 hours

(ii) (a) Find the number of hours after taking this medicine is it in Sipalo’s blood the

highest

(b) Find this highest amount of medicine

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 (iii) Sketch the graph of 𝑀(𝑡) = 8𝑡 − 𝑡 2 , by taking 𝑡 as the 𝑥 −axis and 𝑀(𝑡) as the

𝑦 −axis, stating clearly the 𝑥 intercepts, equation of the line of axis and the turning point

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