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heet Topic: Structure and Properties of Material
1. Which statement shows that graphite and diamond are different forms of the element carbon?
A Both graphite and diamond have giant molecular structures.
B Complete combustion of equal masses of graphite and diamond produces equal masses of
carbon dioxide and no other products.
C Graphite and diamond have different melting points.
D Graphite conducts electricity, whereas diamond does not.

2. Silicon carbide, SiC, has a structure similar to diamond. Boron nitride, BN, has a structure similar
to graphite. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

Which statements about SiC, BN and bronze are correct?

1 All are bonded covalently.

2 All except silicon carbide conduct electricity when solid.
3 All have high melting points.

A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

3. Which statement about graphite is not correct?

A It burns to form carbon dioxide.
B It is a carbon compound.
C It is a giant molecular substance.
D It is used as a lubricant.

4 A mineral deposit is found to contain small grains made entirely of the element carbon.

Which property will definitely be true of the grains of carbon?

A They will be made of atoms arranged in layers.

B They will be soft.
C They will burn to give carbon dioxide.

D They will conduct electricity.

5. Which statement most clearly indicates that diamond and graphite are forms of carbon?

A Both are crystalline solids.

B Complete combustion of equal masses of both solids produces equal masses of carbon
dioxide as the only product.
C Graphite conducts electricity whereas diamond is an insulator.
D Under suitable conditions graphite can be partially converted into diamond.
 6. Which substance will not conduct electricity at room temperature and pressure?
A dilute nitric acid
B graphite
C mercury
D sodium chloride

7. Element X does not conduct electricity and has a low melting point. Which could be element X?
A carbon (graphite)
B iodine
C mercury
D sodium

8. Buckminsterfullerene has the chemical formula C60.

carbon atom

buckminsterfullerene

How is the structure of buckminsterfullerene best described?

A a covalent compound
B an ionic compound
C a polymer
D molecular
9. Which statement most clearly indicates that diamond and graphite are forms of carbon?

A Both are crystalline solids.

B Complete combustion of equal masses of both solids produces equal masses of carbon dioxide
as the only product.
C Graphite conducts electricity whereas diamond is an insulator.
D Under suitable conditions graphite can be partially converted into diamond.
10. Silicon carbide, SiC, has a structure similar to diamond. Boron nitride, BN, has a structure similar to
graphite. Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

Which statements about SiC, BN and bronze are correct?

1 All are bonded covalently.

2 All except silicon carbide conduct electricity when solid.
3 All have high melting points.

A 1 and 2 only
B 1 and 3 only
C 2 and 3 only
 D 1, 2 and 3

11. Why do graphite and diamond have different physical properties?

A Diamond has a giant molecular structure but graphite has not.

B Diamond occurs naturally but graphite is made artificially.
C Graphite is ionic whereas diamond is covalent.
D They contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to different numbers of other carbon atoms

12.The diagram shows the structures of diamond and graphite.

diamond graphite

13. Which property do these substances have in common?

A They are giant structures.
B They can act as lubricants.
C They can conduct electricity.
D They contain only covalent bonds.

14. Which two substances are elements with a giant molecular structure?
A diamond and graphite
B diamond and sand
C methane and iodine
D methane and sand

15. Which substance has a giant molecular structure at room temperature?

A methane
B sand
C sodium chloride
D water

16 Which statement about diamond and graphite is correct?

A Both diamond and graphite are used as abrasives.
B Diamond and graphite have different arrangements of carbon atoms.
C The carbon atoms in graphite have a different number of neutrons from those in diamond.
D The carbon atoms in both graphite and diamond have four covalent bonds.

17 In which pair of substances does each have a giant molecular structure?

A diamond, iodine
B diamond, silica (sand)
C iodine, methane
D methane, silica (sand)
18. Which statement is correct?

A Diamond conducts electricity while graphite does not.

B Graphite has delocalised ions between its layers.
C In diamond, each carbon atom is joined to three other carbon atoms only.
D The layered structure of graphite makes it slippery.

19 For which of the following can graphite be used?

A as an abrasive only
B as an abrasive and as an electrode
C as an electrode and as a lubricant
D as a lubricant only

20 The table shows some properties of diamond and graphite. For

which property is the reason correct?

property reason

A diamond cuts glass the bonds in glass are stronger than those in diamond
B diamond is a hard substance there are many ionic bonds in diamond
C graphite is a lubricant there are weak bonds between graphite layers
D graphite conducts electricity graphite contains freely moving ions

21 Which substance has a giant covalent structure at room temperature?

temperature?

A methane

B sand
C sodium chloride

D water

22 An element with a high melting point forms an oxide that is gaseous at room temperature.

Which type of structure or bonding is present in the element?

A giant covalent B ionic C metallic D simple molecular

23. In the solid state, germanium has the same structure as diamond.

What is the likely melting point of germanium?

A above 800 °C B between 100 °C and 800 °C C 100 °C D below 100 °C

 24. Diamond and graphite are two different forms of the element carbon.

They each have different uses. Which row is correct?

25. An element with a high melting point forms an oxide that is gaseous at room temperature.
Which type of structure or bonding is present in the element?

A giant covalent
B ionic
C metallic
D simple molecular

26. Which statement is correct?

A Diamond conducts electricity while graphite does not

B Graphite has delocalised ions between its layers
C In diamond, each carbon atom is joined only. to three other carbon atoms
D The layered structure of graphite makes it slippery

27 The diagrams show the structures of two solids,

P Q

Which row is correct?

Has covalent conducts

bonding electricity

A P only P only
B P only Q only

C both P and Q P only

D both P and Q Q only
 Structured Questions:

1 (a) Silicon dioxide has a similar structure to diamond.

covalent

bonds
silicon atom oxygen
atom

Suggest why silicon dioxide

does not conduct electricity, .............................................................................................

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is hard. .............................................................................................................................

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(b) Part of the structure of palladium chloride is shown below.

palladium, Pd

chlorine, Cl

Deduce the empirical formula for palladium chloride.

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2 Blue diamonds are an impure form of carbon. Part of the structure of a blue diamond is
shown below.

= carbon atom
= boron atom

blue diamond
 (a) Blue diamonds have a high melting point and can conduct electricity.

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why blue diamonds have a high melting point.

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(b) Normal diamonds are a pure form of carbon. They do not conduct electricity.

(i) Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why normal diamonds do not conduct electricity.

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(ii) Suggest why blue diamonds can conduct electricity.

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(c) Graphite is another pure form of carbon. Suggest two reasons why graphite is often used as an
electrode in electrolysis .

1 .......................................................................................................................................
..
2 ...................................................................................................................................[1]
d) Explain in terms of structure and bonding why graphite can be used as lubricants

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 3 Below shows the structure of two macromolecules.

Macromolecule A Macromolecule B

(a) The two macromolecules are allotropes of carbon. What are meant by ‘macromolecule’ and
‘allotrope’? [2]

Allotrope

Macromolecule

(b) Identify the two macromolecules shown above. [2]

4 Boron nitride, BN, exists in two physical forms. The structures of these forms are shown below.
 ...
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...
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These two forms of boron nitride resemble two allotropes of carbon. ...
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(a) Suggest why boron nitride with structure A can be used as a lubricant. ...
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(b) Suggest why boron nitride with structure B does not conduct electricity. ...
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(c) Suggest why boron nitride with structure B can be used in cutting tools and drill bits. ...
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The structures of graphite and boron nitride are shown below. ...
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Key Key
= carbon atom nitrogen atom
..............
boron atom ..............
..............
..............
..............
..............
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.....[2]

graphite boron nitride

(a)Like graphite, boron nitride feels slippery to the touch.

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, why boron nitride feels slippery to the touch.

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 s

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(b) Explain why graphite has a high melting point. di
ox
.......................................................................................................................................... id
e.
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...
....................................................................................................................................[2] ...
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5 The structures of diamond and silicon dioxide are shown. ...
...
 ........................................................................................................[1]

(b) Explain why silicon dioxide has a high melting point.

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(c)Silicon dioxide reacts with hot concentrated sodium hydroxide to form sodium silicate, Na2SiO3.

Deduce the formula of the silicate ion.

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(d) Explain why diamond does not conduct electricity.

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6 Parts

(a) T
h
e

m
e
l
t
i
n
g

p
 oint of silicon dioxide is
1610 °C. Poly(ethene) starts to melt at 130 °C.

Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, the difference between the melting points of these
two substances.

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(b) The structures of diamond and graphite are drawn below.

= carbon atom
strong bonds

weak bonds

diamond graphite

(c
)
N
a
m
e
th
e
ty
p
e
of
st
ro
 ng bond shown on the diagram.

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(d) Diamond has a melting point of about 3700 °C and graphite has a melting point of about 3300
°C.

(i) Explain why both diamond and graphite have very high melting points.

...................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................[2].

(ii) Suggest why the melting point of graphite is lower than that of diamond.

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(c) Compare the electrical conductivity of diamond andgraphite. Explain your answer.

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