Scribd
Upload
31 views54 pages

CERTIFICATE

half file on common diseaseas

Uploaded by

sukhmang812
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
31 views54 pages

CERTIFICATE

half file on common diseaseas

Uploaded by

sukhmang812
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 54

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that original and genuine work


has been carried out to investigate about the
subject matter and related data collection and
investigation has been completed sincerely and
satisfactorily by Sukhman Singh of class 12 th of
Virasat Vidyapeeth School regarding his activity:
“Common Disease in Human Body”

Teacher’s Sign External Examiner’s Sign

Acknowledgement
I am overwhelmed in all humbleness
and gratefulness to acknowledge my
depth to all those who helped me to
put these ideas, well above the level
of simplicity and into something
concrete. I would like to express my
special thanks to gratitude to my
biology teacher., Mrs. Harmeen Kaur
Ma’am as well as our Principal Mr.
Lokesh Bishnoi Sir who gave me the
golden opportunity to do this
wonderful project on the topic
“Common Disease in Human Body”,
which also helped me in doing a lot
of research and I came to know
about so many things. I am really
thankful to them. Any attempt at
any level can’t be satisfactorily
completed without the support and
guidance of my Parents and Friends
who helped me a lot in gathering
different information, collecting data
and guiding me from time to time in
making this project unique. I am
thankful to them too. I am making
this project not only for grades but
also to increase my knowledge.
Thanking You
Contents
 Introduction
 Types of diseases
 Viral diseases
 Bacterial diseases
 Protozoon diseases
 Conclusion
 Bibliography

INTRODUCTION :
A disease is a condition of the body or a part
of it in which functions are disturbed of maligned.
Diseases may also be defined as morphological,
physiological, psychological disturbance in the
body or body parts caused by some external
agencies which may be non-parasitic e.g.
deficiency of nutrients or may be Cars fie caused
by causes, bacteria, fungi etc. The term disease
means DIS- or discomfort. In short it can be
defined as 'disease is disorder of body’.

SOURCES OF DISEASES

The reservoirs of human diseases are:


a) Air: It is reservoir of pathogens of many
diseases like, measles, tuberculosis, diphtheria
etc.
b) Food and Water: These are reservoir of
pathogens of many diseases like, cholera, polio,
typhoid, roundworm, tapeworm etc.
c) Soil: It is a reservoir of pathogen of tetanus
diseases.
d) Animals: These are those living organisms
which spread the pathogens from also called
reservoir host.

TYPES OF DISEASES:
Diseases are broadly classified into two categories:
A. Congenital Diseases :
Diseases present since birth and are caused
due to defective development of inheritance e.g.
congenital heart diseases, haemophilia, colour
blindness etc.
B. Acquired diseases :
Diseases developed after birth. They are further
classified as-
a) Communicable diseases
b) Non-Communicable diseases

MODES OF TRANSMISSION OF COMMUNICABLE


DISEASES :
The diseases are transmitted from the
reservoirs of infection to the healthy persons the
following ways:
1) Direct transmission: The pathogens are
transmitted from an infected person or
healthy person directly without an
intermediate agent. It occurs in following
ways-
a) Contact with soil e.g., tetanus.
2) Indirect transmission: The pathogens of some
diseases are carried through some intermediate
agents. It occurs in following ways:
a) Air borne diseases.
b) By unclean hands and fingers.

VIRAL DISEASES :
1.RABIES
Rabies a fatal viral disease that is transmitted to
human beings by bite of rabid dog or cat. A
number of wild animals also carry the virus, e.g.
Jaundice, wolves, foxes, bat, monkeys, rabbbit etc.
Symptoms: Rabies is 100% fatal disease. It is
characterized by high fever and pain
contraction of muscles of throat and chest. The
patient feels restless, has choking feet and
finds difficulty in taking even liquid food. He is
afraid of water, so called hydrophobia.
Prevention:
Dogs should be vaccinated with anti-rabies
vaccine. Rabid animal should be killed, if it
shows excessive salivation and tries seeking
isolation.
Control: There is no treatment until now.
AIDS
AIDS stands for acquired immune deficiency
syndrome. It is caused by HIV (Human immune-
deficiency virus). It was firstly detected in June
1981 in USA. This virus weakness the human
body's immunity or self defense mechanism.
Hence the aids virus reduces the natural
immunity of the human body; therefore, the
body saving AIDS becomes prone to many other
infections.
Modes of transmission:
It spreads through sexual contact with an
infected person carrying AIDS virus. It spread
though the transfusion of blood infected with
AIDS virus.

Symptoms: The important symptoms are-:


 Severe brain damage which may lead to loss
of memory, ability to speak and think.
 Swollen lymph nodes.
 Sweating at night and weight loss.
 AIDS patient also become more susceptible
to infections of any body.

Prevention: No absolutely
satisfactory vaccine is yet available.
So, we can prevent AIDS only
preventive measures like-:
 Use of disposable syringes.
 Using condoms and adopt clean
sex habits.
 People should be educated about
AIDS.
 Blood test must be done in
pregnant woman, blood donor's
organ donors.

Control: A number of anti-malarial drugs


are available. The commonest anti- malarial
drug is quinine.
BACTERIAL DISEASES
TYPHOID
Typhoid is caused by Salmonella typhoid
bacteria, commonly found in interterm of
man. This is common is age group of 1-15
years. Every year about 2.5 million people
suffer from typhoid.
Modes of transmission:
Contaminated food and water and house flies.
Symptoms: It is characterized by-:
 Headache and rise in body temperature.
 Lesions of intestinal mucosa.
 Rose coloured rash on the upper abdomen.

Prevention:
 Underground disposal of human faces.
 Typhoid is diagnosed by widal test.
Control: Antibiotics can treat the diseases.
PROTOZOAN DISEASES
MALARIA
Malaria is more common in tropical and
subtropical countries, especially in Africa and
Asia. It is estimated that about 300 million
people are infected with malaria every year
and more than 2 million people die annually
due to this diseases.

Causes: Malaria is caused by the toxins


produced in the human body by the malaria
parasite Plasmodium. Presence of malarial
parasite can be checked by blood test.

Modes of transmission: Plasmodium


of transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito.
When this mosquito bites man to suck blood, it
introduces its saliva containing the malarial
parasite into the blood stream of the man.
Symptoms: Malaria attack is preceded by
headache, nausea and muscular pain. Total period
of malarial attack is of 6-10 hour and can be
divided into 3 stages:
 Cold stage- Characterized by chilling and
shivering.
 Hot stage- Characterized by high fever,
faster rate of breathing and heart beat.
 Sweating stage. It is characterized by
lowering down of temperature to normal.

Prevention: Use of insect repellents


to prevent mosquito bite.
 Wire-gauzing of doors, windows, etc.
to check the entry of mosquitoes.
 Killing of adult mosquitoes by spraying
insecticides likes D.D.T and B.H.C.
Control : A number of anti-malaria
drugs are available.
CONCLUSION:
The diseases caused by intrinsic sources
are called organic or metabolic diseases
like cardiac failure, kidney failure,
diabetes, allergies, cancer etc and the
diseases caused by extrinsic factors are
Kwashiorkor, obesity, Night blindness,
scurvy etc. Some diseases are also caused
by micro-organisms due to unbalanced
diet such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi,
protozoan’s, worms, etc.; environmental
pollutants, tobacco, alcohol and
narcotic drugs are also an important
extrinsic factors which upset human
health.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
 NCERT textbook class XII
 Lab manual
 http://www.khanacademy.com
 https://www.slideshare.net.com

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy