Functional Requirements Analysis for Advanced EHR System

This document outlines the functional requirements for various stakeholders involved in an
Advanced Electronic Health Record (EHR) system. It includes detailed requirements, role-
based access control (RBAC), and acceptance criteria to ensure robustness, maintainability,
and scalability.

Doctor

Functional Requirements:
 - Access and update Patient Notes (e.g., Physical Notes, History, etc.).
 - Prescribe Medications.
 - Request and view Investigations (e.g., lab tests, imaging).
 - Record and update Consultations and Procedures.
 - Approve Admission requests.
 - Review Reports (e.g., diagnostic and progress reports).

Acceptance Criteria:
 - Access Patient Notes: The doctor can view, create, edit, and delete notes.
 - Prescribe Medications: The system validates medication availability and shows alerts
for potential drug interactions.
 - Request Investigations: The doctor can order specific lab tests or imaging, with results
accessible upon completion.
 - Approve Admissions: The doctor can approve or reject admission requests with
reasoning.

Health Officer

Functional Requirements:
 - Access patient records for assigned cases.
 - Collaborate with doctors for investigations and prescriptions.
 - Assist in follow-up and management of patient progress.

Acceptance Criteria:
 - Access Patient Records: The health officer can view patient details and assigned notes
with limited editing rights.
 - Collaborate with Doctors: Notifications are triggered for updates on the case.

Nurse

Functional Requirements:
 - Record and monitor Vital Signs.
 - Manage and track Assignments (e.g., medication administration).
 - Assist in procedures under doctor supervision.
 - Add Nursing Notes.

Acceptance Criteria:
 - Record Vital Signs: Alerts are triggered for abnormal readings.
 - Manage Assignments: Tasks such as medication administration are tracked.

Head Nurse

Functional Requirements:
 - Assign and monitor tasks for nurses.
 - Oversee patient care progress.
 - Manage Ward Schedules and Assignments.

Acceptance Criteria:
 - Assign Tasks: Distributed tasks are tracked with deadlines.
 - Monitor Patient Care: Summary reports can be generated for patients.

Receptionist

Functional Requirements:
 - Register new patients and update patient profiles.
 - Schedule appointments with doctors.
 - Generate Patient Admission Requests.

Acceptance Criteria:
 - Register Patients: Duplicates are flagged during registration.
 - Schedule Appointments: Notifications are sent to patients and doctors.

Pharmacist Admin and Sale

Functional Requirements:
 - Manage Pharmacy Inventory.
 - Dispense medications based on prescriptions.
 - Generate billing for dispensed medications.

Acceptance Criteria:
 - Inventory Management: Low stock alerts are triggered.
 - Dispense Medications: Dispensing logs are recorded for audit.

Technician Admin and Lab Technician

Functional Requirements:
 - Manage laboratory tests and imaging workflows.
 - Upload test results and generate reports.
 - Coordinate with doctors for investigation approvals.
Acceptance Criteria:
 - Manage Tests: Test status is tracked (e.g., pending, completed).
 - Generate Reports: Results are formatted and stored as downloadable reports.

Organization Administrator

Functional Requirements:
 - Manage user accounts and roles.
 - Oversee system usage statistics.
 - Generate organizational reports.

Acceptance Criteria:
 - User Management: Role assignments adhere to RBAC policies.
 - Usage Reports: Detailed activity logs are accessible.

System Administrator

Functional Requirements:
 - Configure system settings and modules.
 - Monitor server performance and logs.
 - Perform data backups and manage disaster recovery.

Acceptance Criteria:
 - Configure System: Modules can be enabled/disabled.
 - Monitor Performance: Alerts are sent for downtime or performance issues.

Non-Functional Requirements
 - Scalability: The system should support the growth of users and data without
performance degradation.
 - Maintainability: The system should have a modular architecture to facilitate easy
updates and bug fixes.
 - Availability: The system should maintain 99.9% uptime with minimal disruption to
operations.
 - Reliability: All critical operations like saving patient data and prescription generation
must be error-free.
 - Security: Implement robust access controls, encryption, and data anonymization to
ensure patient confidentiality.
 - Performance: Response time for all operations should be under 2 seconds under
normal load.
 - Interoperability: The system should support integration with external systems like
medical devices and third-party APIs.
 - Usability: Interfaces should be intuitive and easy to use for all stakeholders, requiring
minimal training.
 - Compliance: The system must adhere to healthcare regulations like HIPAA, GDPR, and
local laws.

Modules and Features Analysis

Patient Registration Module

 - Register new patients with mandatory demographic and contact details.
 - Edit and update patient information as required.
 - Check for duplicate entries to avoid redundancy.

Pharmacy Management Module

 - Track and manage inventory of medicines.
 - Dispense medications based on prescriptions.
 - Generate billing and provide alerts for low stock.

Laboratory Information Module

 - Request and manage lab tests for patients.
 - Upload results and generate reports for doctor review.
 - Track the status of tests (pending, completed, etc.).

Radiology and Imaging Module

 - Integrate imaging devices to directly import results.
 - View and annotate imaging reports.
 - Store imaging data securely in patient records.

AI and Machine Learning Module

 - Predict patient outcomes based on historical data.
 - Flag high-risk patients for early intervention.
 - Analyze trends in hospital data for resource optimization.

Reporting and Billing Module

 - Generate detailed bills for patients, including services, pharmacy, and procedures.
 - Provide downloadable financial and operational reports for administrators.
 - Integrate with accounting systems.

Interfacing with Medical Devices

 - Seamlessly import data from devices like ECG, blood pressure monitors, etc.
 - Maintain compatibility with various device manufacturers.
 - Trigger alerts for abnormal readings.

Additional Features
 - Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) for secure data access.
 - Audit logs to track changes and actions in the system.
 - Dashboard views for doctors, nurses, and administrators.

Recommended Directory Structure

The following directory structure is recommended for organizing the Advanced EHR
System's codebase. This structure ensures maintainability, modularity, and scalability.

project_root/
 - README.md: Contains project overview and instructions.
 - requirements.txt: List of dependencies for the Python backend.
 - manage.py: Django's management script.
 - settings/: Contains environment-specific settings (e.g., dev, production).

apps/
 - patient_management/: Handles patient registration, profile management.
 - pharmacy/: Manages inventory, prescriptions, and billing for medications.
 - laboratory/: Handles lab test requests, results, and reporting.
 - radiology/: Integrates imaging devices and manages imaging data.
 - ehr_core/: Core functionalities like RBAC, user management, and auditing.
 - ai_ml/: AI and ML-related modules for predictions and risk analysis.

frontend/
 - components/: Contains reusable PySide6 UI components (e.g., buttons, forms).
 - layouts/: Manages application layouts (e.g., dashboards, tab views).
 - styles/: Contains stylesheets for consistent UI design.

database/
 - migrations/: Tracks database schema changes.
 - schemas/: Contains database schema definitions.
 - scripts/: Stores utility scripts for backups and migrations.

docs/
 - API_Documentation.md: API endpoints and usage details.
 - Architecture_Diagram.png: High-level system architecture diagram.
 - User_Manual.md: Instructions for using the EHR system.

tests/
 - unit_tests/: Tests for individual modules and components.
 - integration_tests/: Tests for interactions between modules.
 - e2e_tests/: End-to-end tests for workflows.
Development Process
The development process follows an Agile methodology, ensuring iterative delivery of
functional components and incorporating feedback from stakeholders.

 - Requirement Gathering: Collaborate with stakeholders to identify functional and non-

functional requirements.
 - System Design: Create architecture diagrams, database schemas, and UI wireframes.
 - Implementation: Develop modules using the recommended directory structure.
 - Testing: Perform unit, integration, and end-to-end tests for all features.
 - Deployment: Deploy the application in stages (e.g., staging, production).
 - Monitoring and Maintenance: Monitor system performance and address issues as they
arise.