INTRODUCTION

Definition: intelligence is the mental quality that consists of the abilities to learn from
experience , adapt to new situation , understand and handle abstract concept , and use knowledge
to manipulate one’s environment .

According to the BINET ( Binet &Samon ) defined intelligence in term of judgment ,

practical sense , initiative and adaptability . Whereas Wechsler later defined it as “ the aggregate
or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully , to think rationally and to deal effectively
with his / her environment .

Types of Intelligence Test :

Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS)

One of the most widely used intelligence test , designed for adults to measure verbal
comprehension , perceptual reasoning , working memory , and processing speed .

Binet- Simon Test

A prominent intelligence test that uses subsets to calculate an individual intelligence

level.

Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale

This test measure five factors of cognitive ability ; fluid reasoning , knowledge ,
quantitative reasoning , visual – spatial processing and working memory .

Raven’s Progressive Matrices

It is a non-verbal intelligence test designed to measure abstract reasoning and problem –

solving ability . It is widely used in psychological testing to assess general intelligence ( g factor
) particularly fluid intelligence , which involves the capacity to think logically and solve non-
verbal problems independent of acquired knowledge.

RAVEN’S PROGRESSIVE MATRICES

INTRODUCTON
 Raven’s Progressive Matrices, developed by British psychologist John C. Raven in the
1930s, is a renowned nonverbal assessment tool designed to measure fluid intelligence and
abstract reasoning. It presents a series of visual puzzles that progressively increase in difficulty,
requiring individuals to identify missing elements to complete patterns. This test emphasizes
nonverbal problem-solving skills and logical inference, making it largely independent of
language and prior knowledge. The test comes in three versions: Standard Progressive Matrices
(SPM), Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM), and Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM),
catering to diverse age groups and abilities. Its versatility makes it a valuable tool for evaluating
general intellectual functioning, cognitive development, and problem-solving aptitude.

Purpose:

The primary aim of Raven’s Progressive Matrices is to assess fluid intelligence and
abstract reasoning. It does so by presenting nonverbal puzzles that require pattern recognition
and logical deduction. This test is widely used to evaluate cognitive abilities across various
populations.

Versions of Raven’s Progressive Matrices

1. Colored Progressive Matrices (CPM):

Designed for children, elderly individuals, and those with lower intellectual functioning,
CPM features fewer and simpler items compared to other versions. It emphasizes visual pattern
recognition and fluid intelligence while minimizing the cognitive complexity of the tasks.

2. Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM):

The principal version of Raven’s test, SPM, is used for adolescents and adults. It includes
five sets of problems with increasing difficulty, focusing on abstract reasoning and general
intellectual capacity. It is widely recognized for its fairness and ability to evaluate diverse
populations.

3. Advanced Progressive Matrices :

Intended for individual with above average intelligence . Include 48 more complex and
challenging items , suitable for high level cognitive assessment .

Methods and Apparatus :

Apparatus: Standard Progressive Matrices Scale , Scoring manual , pen or pencil .

Procedure: After reviewing the instruction , participants select the correct answer from the
available choice for each visual pattern . The answer are then analyzed for scoring .

Objectives of SPM :

The aim of the SPM is to assess the general cognitive abilities and fluid intelligence of
individual across various groups , including children and adults with average intelligence
capacity. It evaluate their capacity for pattern recognition , abstract reasoning and problem
solving without relying on language prior knowledge , or educational background . This design
makes the test suitable for a wide range of cultural and linguistic group.The primary goal is to
provide an objective measure of intellectual potential , useful in diverse setting like educational
placement , workplace assessment and cognitive research .

Applications of SPM:

The SPM is widely used across different fields:

Education: To evaluate reasoning abilities for academic placement, gifted program selection.
and identifying learning gaps.

Workplace: For assessing analytical thinking skills during recruitment and career counseling.-

Clinical: To help diagnose cognitive impairments and track changes over time.

Research: For studying patterns of intelligence and cross-cultural cognitive differences.

Its culturally neutral approach ensures that it provides fair and unbiased assessments for
individuals from diverse backgrounds

Result and Method :

1. Pen
 2. Standard progressive Matrices
3. Standard progressive Matrices scoring manual

Administration :

After reading the instruction the right answer in all design of the SPM were chosen and
analysis was done later .

Self-Analysis:

Demographic Details:

Name : A, B ,C

Gender: Female

Age: 21 years

Qualification : Bs Psychology

Total score 34/60

Discrepencies
Percentile 50th
Grade

Interpretation :

The subject secured the score of 34 which shows that she is on the percentile .She seems
to be a average student in intellectual capacity .

Peer Analysis :

Name : A,B,C

Age :18

Gender : Female

Qualification : Matric
 Total score
Discrepencies
Percentile
Grade
Interpretation :

The subject secured the score of 39 which shows that she is on the percentile . she seems
to be average student in intellectual capacity .