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Forensics Notes

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9 views4 pages

Forensics Notes

Uploaded by

pakela305
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit 1

Lesson 3

● Mathieu Orfila published a work on poison and how it affects animals.


○ Know as the father of toxicology because his was the first recorded work in
history
○ Contributed to the development of the presence of blood and used microscope
first
● Scotland Yard used bullet comparisons
● Francis Glaton Developed a methodology for classifying fingerprints
● Dr. Leone Lattes figured out how to determine blood from dried blood stains.
● Calcin Goddard used comparison microscope to improve the bullet comparison tech
● Locard’s Exchange Principle states that there is an exchange of materials when two
objects come into contact with each other.

Lesson 4

● Must be very organized and document every piece of evidence that is found
● Must know how to handle hazardous materials
● Always aim to uncover the truth
● They look for anything that is able to be linked to the crime
● Must interpret findings and reconstruct the crime
● Expert witness - someone who has special knowledge relevant to the case
● Must be able to talk about complex scientific topics in a simple way
● Properly collect evidence
● Train police officers to collect evidence properly

Lesson 5

● Pathology - Deals with diseases


○ Performs autopsies to study tissue and other parts of the body.
● Forensic pathology - sudden, unexplained, or violent deaths
○ Determine the time of death
○ Uses the body’s stiffness, blood patterns, and temperature
○ Determine the cause of death
○ Can sometimes be easy or tricky
● Forensic Anthropology - Examination of skeletal remains
○ Victims of fire, explosions, and plane crashes.
○ Have some education in archaeological methods
○ Cause of death
○ Can identify sex, race, and age
○ Facial reconstructions on a person's possible appearance based on skull structure
● Forensic Psychiatry - relationship between human behavior and criminal justice
○ Whether someone is mentally competent to stand trial
○ Gives insight to ppl related to the case
● Forensic Sociology - application of social science to criminal investigation
● Forensic Entomology - uses insects to help criminal investigation
○ Can give insight on when the death occurred by how fly larvae grow
● Forensic Odontology - teeth crime identification
○ The alignment can help
○ Match dental remains and dental records of victim
○ Provide info in cases that involve bite to see if match suspect
● Digital forensics - recover and investigate evidence found on devices
○ Evidence may point to physical crime or hacking, cyberterrorism, or selling data
on black market
○ Big companies have their own forensics lab

Unit 2
Lesson 1

● The Crippen case is a case that's still studied even though it's in the past.
○ According to forensic toxicologist John Trestrail, “The Crippen case was the O.J.
Simpson case of 1910.”
● The Crippen case is one where he is thought to have murdered his wife because he had a
secret lover so when the police started to suspect Crippen, he and his lover fled europe.
Police found remnants of human body parts in the basement of Crippenʻs home and
toxicologists have found that the person was poisoned before being killed and chopped
into pieces. When further investigated later on, they found that the body was not
Crippenʻs wife and was a man. He was executed for a crime he didnʻt commit and after
Crippen was arrested they found more evidence possibly leading to the suspect actually
being his wife Cora.
Lesson 2

● Physical evidence - anything that can be linked to the crime.


● Collect all potential evidence related to crime
● First responders must isolate the crime scene
● They should isolate an area larger than the actual crime scene and can reduce it later but
they can't expand it once unauthorized personnel walk on it
Lesson 3

● Photography
○ Any items moves before being photographed should be documented
○ Overview photographs - show crime scene in wide angle
■ Taken from different vantage points
○ Intermediate photographs - closer to the evidence but shows area surrounding it
■ Take picture of how the body is in relation to the rest of crime scene
○ Close-up photographs - focus on injury, weapon, piece of evidence
■ Must include a card with an identification number.
● Identification number - identifies the piece of evidence \and which
case it belongs to
■ At least one other item should be included to provide scale
■ 35mm single-lens camera are used
○ Each photograph is tagged with info such as date, time, camera setting, file name
and exposure, and the film roll number.
● Drawings
○ Rough sketches - show location of evidence, distance between evidence,
dimensions of the crime scene
○ Finished sketch - precise representation of the scene.
■ Created using computer programs and drafting tools.
■ Computer professionale may create final sketch from rough sketches and
other records
■ Drawn to scale showing exact distances between objects
● Notes
○ Be as thorough as possible since they may refer to notes again before a trial
○ Include as much detail
○ Notes on environment and population
■ 3 types of distribution
■ Uniform - population spread out even
■ Clumped - population clumped in different areas
■ Random - self explanatory
● Videography
○ Serve as a form of notetaking
○ Used in conjunction with other methods
Lesson 4

● Chain of custody - a list of people that had possession of the item


● Unknown sample - sample of unknown origin
● Known sample - comes from particular person or place with U.S
● Impression evidence - fingerprints, shoe prints, tire tracks
○ Collected using videography, molds, chemical developers
● Firearms - shell casings, bullet holes, firearm itself
● Bio evidence - bodily fluids located by sight, smell, touch
○ Dry blood - scracping
○ Wet blood - allowed to air dry or sample will be taken with qtip and then dried
● Trace evidence - small evidence hard to find
Lesson 5

● Evidence sent to lab by hand or mail depending on how far lab is


○ A form containing description of case and information on what test to run
● Collection of evidence done by law

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