KPWD - 2021 (AE)

SET - C
CIVIL ENGINEERING 14/12/21
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED SOLUTIONS
01. The carry-over factor for a prismatic beam element 04. In connection with theories of failure, which of the
is following statement is wrong?
(a) 1 (b) 1/2 (c) 3/4 (d) 1/4 (a) In the case of brittle materials maximum
principal stress theory should be used.
01. Ans: (b) (b) For ductile materials, the maximum shear
Sol: stress theory give a good approximation
• If far end is fixed (c) Shear strain energy theory is preferred, when
COF = 1/2 the mean principle stress in Tensile
• If far end is hinged (d) For ductile material, strain energy theory gives
COF = 0 a good approximation
• For cantilever beam
COF = ‒1 04. Ans: (d)
Sol: For ductile material, shear strain energy theory
02. The equation of a symmetric parabolic arch of span gives a good approximation
‘L’ and rise ‘h’ is (origin at left support)
(a) y = 4hx2(L – x2)L2 (b) y = 4hx (L – x)2/L2 05. The ratio of deflection at centre of fixed beam
(c) y = 4hx2 (L – x)/L (d) y = 4hx ( L – x)/L2 and simply supported beam under a uniformly
distributed load is
02. Ans: (d) (a) 0.1 (b) 0.25 (c) 0.2 (d) 0.5
Sol: y  4hx
2 (L  x)
L
05. Ans: (c)
Sol: W W
03. The shape of influence diagram for the maximum y y

bending moment in a simply support beam is

(a) rectangular (b) parabolic 5L4
y SSB  384EI L4
(c) triangular (d) trapezoidal y fixed  384EI
L4
y fixed 384EI 1
03. Ans: (b)   = 0.2
y SSB 5L4 5
Sol: 384EI
• The shape of ILD for BM at a section is
triangle. 06. The slope of a simply supported beam at the end
• The shape of ILD for BM with respect of under a moment M at that end is
simply supported beam is parabola. (a) ML/2EI (b) ML/3EI
(c) ML/4EI (d) ML/6EI

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 2 KPWD - AE 2021

06. Ans: (b) yc = (yc)P + (yc)M

Sol: Conjugate Beam method Pb 2 l Mb 2 l
L 3 L 2
= 3EI + 2EI
B
A
b PL lb L l
2
L
3
M PL 2 2
= 24EI + 2EI
b PL lb L l
2
3
PL 2 2
A B = 24EI + 2EI
−
PL3 PL3 5PL3
BMD
M = 24EI  16EI  48EI

A B 08. For a given material is Poisson’s ratio is 0.25 the

ratio of Young’s modulus and Modulus of rigidity is
M
ΕΙ (a) 2.5 (b) 0.4 (c) 2.75 (d) 3.0
M diagram
ΕΙ
08. Ans: (a)
Conjugate Beam E
Sol: µ = 0.25, G = ?
E = 2G(1+µ)
M E
ΕΙ G = 2 (1+ µ) = 2 (1 + 0.25) = 2.5

A B
09. A mild steel flat of width 200 mm and thickness
10 mm is bent into a arc circle of radius 10 m by
RA RB applying the moment M, if the Young’s modulus
L E = 200 GPa then magnitude of M in N-m is
(slope @B)Real Beam = (S.F @ B)C.B = RB = 3
(a) 288 (b) 333 (c) 292 (d) 229
ML
= 3EI
09. Ans: (b)
Sol:
07. The deflection at centre of a cantilever beam of
span L, uniform flexural rigidity EI and carrying a t = 10mm
point load P at its free end is b = 200 mm
(a) 5PL3/48EI (b) 5PL2/48EI
R = 10m = 10 × 103 mm
(c) PL3/3EI (d) 48PL3/EI
E = 200 × 103 MPa
M E
From bending equation I = R
07. Ans: (a) N.A

Sol: E E bt3
L/2 L/2 M = R ×IN.A = R # 12
C
200 # 103 # 200 # 103
=
10 # 103 12
L/2 C
= 333.33 × 103 N-mm = 333.33 N-m

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 3 Civil Engineering

10. A bar of 80 mm diameter and 800 mm in length 12. Ans: (c)

subjected to an axial load of 200kN. It elongates by Sol: In building construction, the correct sequence of
0.30 mm and diameter decreases by 0.01 mm. What activity
is the Poisson’s ratio of material of bar? 3. Erection of formwork for slab
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.33 (c) 0.50 (d) 0.75 1. Concreting of roof slabs
2. Brick lime concrete terracing
10. Ans: (b) 4. Construction of parapet wall in terrace
Sol: d = 80mm L = 800mm P = 200 kN
9 ∆L = 0.30 mm ↓∆d = 0.01 mm µ = ? 13. The road connecting a city to highway is called
b d l (a) arterial street (b) sub-arterial street
 d
() .  long  () L
lat
(c) collector street (d) local street
L
() b 080
 .01 l 13. Ans: (a)
 0.000125
0.30 0.000375
800 14. Crossing angles at grade intersections should not be
µ = 0.333 in any case less than
(a) 30o (b) 45o (c) 60o (d) 75o
11. The relation between Young’s modulus (E), Shear
modulus (C) and bulk modulus (K) is given by 14. Ans: (a)

9K.C
(a) E  3K  C
6K.C
(b) E  3K  C 15. The order in which a road is laid
(a) sub soil, base, sub grade, sub base
3K.C
(c) E  3K  C
12K.C
(d) E  3K  C (b) base, sub soil, sub grade, sub base
(c) sub base, base, sub grade, sub soil
11. Ans: (a) (d) sub soil, sub grade, sub base, base
9KC
Sol: E 
3K  C
15. Ans: (d)
12. Consider the following activities in a building
construction 16. In simple tension or compression
1. Concreting of roof slabs (a) Maximum shear stress is equal to the applied
2. Brick line concrete terracing stress and acts on planes at 45o to it.
3. Erection of formwork for slab (b) Maximum shear stress is equal to one-half the
4. Construction of parapet wall in terrace applied stress and acts on planes at 45o to it.
(c) Maximum shear stress is equal to the applied
The correct sequence of thee activities is stress and acts on planes at 90o to it.
(a) 1, 3, 2, 4 (b) 3, 1, 4, 2 (d) Maximum shear stress is equal to one-half the
(c) 3, 1, 2, 4 (d) 1, 3, 4, 2 applied stress and acts on planes at 90o to it.

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 4 KPWD - AE 2021

16. Ans: (b) 18. Ans: (b)

Sol: Sol: Rigid
σx
P
L

 max  2x acts @ 45°
P2 L
, Axial loading = 2AE

17. A steel rail is 30 m long at a temperature 20oC. If the 19. A cantilever beam of 4 m span is subjected to an
temperature is increased to 80oC and no expansion uniformly distributed load of 3 kN/m over it’s entire
joint is provided, then the thermal stresses developed span, and if E = 200 GN/m2 and I = 10 ×10–6m4,
are then maximum deflection will be
(a) 144 N/mm2 and compressive (a) 24 mm (b) 2.4 mm
(b) 144 N/mm2 and tensile (c) 48 mm (d) 4.8 mm
(c) 72 N/mm2 and compressive
(d) 72 N/mm2 and tensile 19. Ans: (c)
Given E = 2 ×105 N/mm2 Sol:
a = 12 ×106 /oC L= 4m

17. Ans: (a)  3kN/m L = 4m

Sol: N
Rigid E = 200 # 109 2
m
Rigid I = 10 × 10‒6 m4
wL4 3 # 10 3 # 4 4
 8EI 
8 # 200 # 10 9 # 10 # 10 -6
L=3m
= 48 × 10‒3 m = 48 mm
T1 = 20°C T2 = 80°C ∆T = T2 ‒ T1 = 60°C
N 20. With the same flexural rigidity and same span which
E = 2 # 105 α = 12 × 10-6 °/C
nm2
σth = E α(∆T) = 2 × 105 × 12 × 10‒6 × 60 of the following beam will have least stiffness?
N (a) Fixed beam
= 144 (comp)
mm2 (b) Propped cantilever beam
(c) Simply supported beam
18. Strain energy stored in a rod of length ‘L’ an axial
(d) Cantilever beam
rigidity ‘AE’ due to an axial force ‘P’ is
20. Ans: (d)
P2 L P2 L
(a) AE (b) 2AE
21. If the free end of a cantilever beam of span ‘L’
2
2P L PL 2 flexural rigidity EI undergoes a unit displacement
(c) AE (d) 4AE
(Without rotation), then the bending moment at the
fixed end will be
(a) 3EI/L2 (b) 4 EI/L2
(c) 6 EI/L2 (d) 12 EI/L2
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 5 Civil Engineering

21. Ans: (c) 26. If design speed is ‘V’ kmph and reaction time ‘t’ is
Sol: 6EIδ 2.5 seconds, lag distance, in metres, is calculated as
A L2
L B (a) 0.278 Vt (b) 0.35 Vt
(c) 0.36 Vt (d) 0.4 Vt
S=1
26. Ans: (a)
6EI
MA = 2 Sol: Lag distance = Sl = νt
L
5
= 18 t
22. In a office building, one washbasin should be
provided for every _________ number of persons. Where ν = Design speed in m/s
(a) 5 (b) 25 (c) 15 (d) 10 V = Design speed in kmph

22. Ans: (b) 27. To exclude the floating debris from sewage, screens
are used and fixed
23. Flotation is a method of water purification by (a) parallel to the direction of flow
(a) gas transfer (b) ion transfer (b) perpendicular to the direction of flow
(c) solute stabilization (d) solid transfer (c) at an angle 30o - 60o to the direction of flow
(d) orientation is immaterial
23. Ans: (a)
Sol: Flotation by applying compressed air from bottom. 27. Ans: (c)
Sol: Screen is provided at an angle 30 to 60o to horizontal.
24. Which one of the following is not a method of
preventing fly nuisance at filter sites of sewage? 28. The population of a city is 10 lakhs and average
(a) Sprinkle alum water consumption is 200 lpcd. The fire demand
(b) Chlorinating the sewage is 200 MLD. Then the distribution system is to be
(c) Add insecticide in the sewage designed for
(d) Sprinkle lime (a) 540 MLD (b) 360 MLD
(c) 740 MLD (d) 560 MLD
24. Ans: (b)
Sol: Chlorinating sewage to control bacterial growth. 28. Ans: (d)
Sol: Distribution system is designed for total demand
25. One of the grades of bitumen recommended by IRC i.e. coincidental draft or maximum hourly demand,
for grade macadam is which ever is greater.
(a) 85/100 (b) 60/70 Average demand, Q = 10,00,000 ×200 l/day
(c) 120/50 (d) 180/200 = 200 MLD
Maximum daily demand = 1.8 Q
25. Ans: (a) =1.8 × 200 = 360 MLD
Coincidental draft = Maximum daily demand + Fire
demand
= 360 + 200 = 560 MLD
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 6 KPWD - AE 2021

Maximum hourly demand = 2.7 × Q 31. Detention time for a sedimentation tank (continuous
= 2.7 × 200 = 540 MLD flow type, is given for a tank, passing a discharge =
\ Total demand = 560 MLD Q Length = L, Width = B and Depth = H, as

BLH Q
29. If T-alkalinity in water is 350 mg/l as CaCO3 and (a) Q (b) BLH
P-alkalinity is 200 mg/l as CaCO3. The find the
Q Q
concentration of OH–, carbonates and bicarbonates (c) BL (d) BH
in water in mg/l
(a) 50, 300, 0 (b) 0, 50, 300 31. Ans: (a)
BLH
(c) 0, 300, 50 (d) 50, 0, 300 Sol: Detention time = Q

29. Ans: (a) 32. The suitable layout of distribution system for a city
Sol: P = 200 with roads of rectangular pattern is
T = 350 (a) Grid iron system (b) Dead end system
T/2 = 175 (c) Ring system (d) Radial system
P > T/2
OH = 2 P – T = 50 32. Ans: (a)
CO3 = 2T – 2P = 300
HCO3 = 0 33. The Chezy’s coefficient C is related to Darcy-
Weisbach fiction factor is
30. A sand filter bed is 60 cm depth having a porosity
g 8g
of 0.48 and specific gravity of 2.60 for the filter (a) C = 8f (b) C
=
f1/4
material. If the settling velocity of the filter particle
8g f
is 10 cm/sec, then the back wash rate required to (c) C = f (d) C
=
8g
wash the filter hydraulic so as to have expansion of
50% is 33. Ans: (c)
(a) 0.37 cm/sec (b) 1.13 cm/sec Sol: Relation between Chezy’s constant and Darcy-
(c) 1.47 cm/sec (d) 2.85 cm/sec Weisbach fiction factor

f.,.V2
30. Ans: (c) Proof: h f = 2g.d (Darcy Weisbach equation)
Sol: Z e  1  n
z 1  ne
For non-circular pipe d= 4R = 4 ×Hydraulic radius
1.5z  1  0.48
z 1  ne (or) mean depth.
= f,V2 f,V2
h f 2=
1.5 (1 – ne) = 0.52 g (4R) 8gR
1.5  0.52 
< f Slope
= SF
ne  h 8g h
1.5 0.653 ` V2 = , f . f .R =
,
=10 × (0.653)4.5 = 1.472 cm/sec 8g
` V2 = f .S.R

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 7 Civil Engineering

8g 8g Ex: An activity start date is set earlier than the end

=`V =
f .R .S f . R .S date for a preceding activity in the critical path of
the given project.
V = C. R .S ................(1)
Sub-Critical Activity denotes more than enough
Also Chezy’s equation resources.
= 1
V C= . R.S n R2/3 S1/2 Supercritical activity has a negative float which
R(2/3 -1/2) 1 results when activity duration is more than the
=C = n . (R) ..................(2)
1/6
n available. It is the indication of abnormal situation
from equation (1) and (2) how to reduce the activity duration.
1 8g
=C n= (R) 1/6 f
36. A document which fully describes the materials,
8g
comparing C = proportions and workmanships and accurately
f
represent the work to be executed is
8g
Chezy’s coefficient = (a) Rate analysis (b) Schedule of rates
Darcy's friction factor
(c) Bill of quantities (d) Al the above

34. In water treatment, slow sand filters, when compared 36. Ans: (*)
to rapid gravity filters, produce Sol: Actual answer supposed to be SPECIFICATIONS.
(a) less contaminated effluent Specifications are precisely written documents that
(b) more contaminated effluent go with the construction documents and describe
(c) equally contaminated effluent materials as installation methods, describe the
(d) none of these project to be constructed, supplementing drawings
and forming part of the contract, and describe
34. Ans: (a) qualities of materials, their methods of manufacture
Sol: Slow Sand filters produce high quality water and their installation, and workmanship and mode
compared to rapid sand filter. of construction.

35. Under which of the following activity a negative 37. Graphical representation of activities consisting of
float can occur? nodes and arrows are known as
(a) Sub-critical activity (b) Critical activity (a) Bar charts
(c) Normal activity (d) Super critical activity (b) Gantt charts
(c) Networks
35. Ans: (d) (d) Linked Gantt Charts
Sol: A negative float can occur in case of Sub-critical
activity only. 37. Ans: (c)
Sol: Graphical representation of activities consisting of
Explanation: Negative float is the amount of time nodes and arrows are known as Networks.
that must be saved to bring the project to completion
on time.

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 8 KPWD - AE 2021

38. Amount of time by which the start of an activity 40. Ans: (b)
may be delayed without causing a delay in the Sol: Average demand Q = 4,00,000 ×300 l/day
completion of a project is known as = 120 MLD
(a) Total Float (b) Free Float Maximum hourly Q = 2.7 × average demand
(c) Independent Float (d) Interference Float = 2.7× 120
= 324 MLD
38. Ans: (a)
Sol: In project management, float is corresponding to 41. A primary settling basin with a diameter of 26 m
activity in CPM. and 2.1 m side water depth has to treat water with
Total Float: It is the amount of time by which an a discharge of 0.15 m3/s. The detention period of
activity can be delayed without delaying the project the basin is 2.41 hr. Surface overflow rate and weir
duration. Extra time available for an activity without loading rate of the tank is
delaying the project schedule. (a) 24.4 m3/day.m2 and 317.33 m3/day.m
Total Float = L.S.T – E.S.T (b) 21.5 m3/day.m2 and 339 m3/day.m
(c) 20.9 m3/day.m2 and 159.23 m3/day.m
39. Interference Float is described as (d) 26.8 m3/day.m2 and 120 m3/day.m
(a) Free Float-Total Float
(b) Total Float-Independent Float 41. Ans: (*) (No option)
(c) Total Float-Free Float Sol: Q = 0.15 m3/sec = 12960 m3/day
(d) Free Float-Independent Float
Q 12960
SOR v o  A   2
= 24.41 m3/day/m2
39. Ans: (c)
g
4 (26)
Sol: Interference Float is described as the difference Q 12960
WLR  D   (26) = 158.66 m3/day/m
between total float and free float.
≃159 m3/day/m
Interference Float = Total Float – Free Float
Interference float is the amount of time that a
42. The maximum velocity in a partially filled circular
schedule activity can be delayed (or) extended
sewer section (roughness of surface not considered)
from its early start date without delaying the project
is obtained when the sewer is running at
finish date.
(a) 0.81 times the full depth
(b) Full depth
40. If the average water consumption of a city is 300
(c) 0.5 times the full depth
Lpcd and its population is 4,00,000, the maximum
(d) 0.75 times the full depth
hourly discharge of the maximum day will be
(a) 120 MLD
42. Ans: (a)
(b) 324 MLD
Sol: Velocity of flow in sewer is maximum at depth of
(c) 216 MLD
flow 0.81 times diameter.
(d) None of the above

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 9 Civil Engineering

43. For a Grit channel, if the recommended flow 47. The domestic sewage of a town was tested for total
velocity is 0.25 m/s and the detention period is 1 solids and following results were obtained
minute, then the length of the channel is Weight of sample of sewage = 100 gm
(a) 20 m (b) 30 m Weight of solids after evaporation of liquid = 0.862
(c) 15 m (d) 60 m m
Weight of dry residue after ignition = 0.506 gm
43. Ans: (c) What is the value of volatile solids?
Sol: Length of grit chamber = vH ×DT (a) 826 ppm (b) 726 ppm
= 0.25 × 1× 60 (c) 356 ppm (d) 436 ppm
= 15 m
47. Ans: (c)
Mass 100
44. The shallow wells constructed in series along banks Sol: Volume of sample =   1  100 cc
of a river to collect river water seeping through w −w
their bottoms are called Volatile solids = 2 V s
(a) Infiltration galleries (b) Infiltration wells 
 0.862 0.506 # 10 6 ppm
(c) Springs (d) Tubewell 100
= 3560 ppm
44. Ans: (b) Answer not matching may be (c)
Sol: Shallow well at river bank is infiltration well.
48. Zeolite used in zeolite softening process for the
45. Coagulants used in water treatment function better treatment of hard water gets exhausted after certain
when the raw water is time of usage but can be regenerated by flushing it
(a) Acidic (b) Alkaline with
(c) Neutral (d) Turbid (a) 10% calcium chloride solution
(b) 10% magnesium surface solution
45. Ans: (d) (c) 10% magnesium chloride solution
Sol: Coagulants are used for treating turbid water caused (d) 10% sodium chloride solution
by colloidal particles.
48. Ans: (d)
46. Rapid gravity filters are used for Sol: Zeolite is regenerated by soaking in Nacl solution.
(a) Industrial plants
(b) Swimming pools 49. Empirical Freeman formula to calculate the quantity
(c) Large municipal supplies of water required for the fire fighting is
(d) Small scale industries (a) Q  4640 p (1  0.01 p )

(b) Q  1135.5 d  n
p
46. Ans: (c) 10 10
Sol: Rapid sand filters are used for large municipal (c) Q = 3182 p
supplies. (d) Q = 5663 p

49. Ans: (b)

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 10 KPWD - AE 2021

50. Sludge thickening is commonly achieved by the 53. If EC-Electrical Conductivity TDS - Total Dissolved
following methods Solids then
1. Gravity thickening (a) EC decreases with increase in TDS
2. Air flotation (b) EC increases with increase in TDS
3. Leaching (c) EC decrease initially and then increase with
Which of the above methods are correct? increase in TDS
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 3 (d) EC increase initially and then decrease with
(c) 1 and 2 (d) 1, 2 and 3 increase in TDS

50. Ans: (c) 53. Ans: (b)

Sol: Sludge is thickened by gravity thickener or air Sol: EC and TDS are linearly related
flotation.
54. The minimum and maximum diameter of sewers,
51. Find the pH of a mixture formed by mixing the generally adopted in the designs may be
following two solutions (a) 150 mm and 1000 mm
Solution A: Volume 300 ml:pH = 7 (b) 150 mm and 3000 mm
Solution B: Volume 700 ml: pH = 5 (c) 250 mm and 4500 mm
(a) 6.234 (b) 7.03 (d) 600 mm and 900 mm
(c) 5.153 (d) 3.23
54. Ans: (b)
Sol: Minimum 150 mm and maximum 3000 mm
51. Ans: (c)
300 # 10 -7  700 # 10 -5
Sol: (H +) mix  300  700 55. If the depletion of oxygen is found be 2 mg/l after
= 7.03 ×10–7 mol/lit incubating 3 ml of sewage diluted to 300 ml at 20oC
(pH) mix = log10 +
1 for 5 days, then the BOD of sewage would be
(H ) mix
(a) 200 mg/l (b) 300 mg/l
= log
= 1
5.153 (c) 600 mg/l (d) 250 mg/l
10
7.03 # 10 -7
55. Ans: (a)
52. A city has a population of 1,00,000. As per
Sol: DO consumed = DO depleted
Kuichling’s formula, the fire demand for the city is
BOD = DO consumed × Dilution factor
(a) 33,000 lit/min (b) 25,000 lit/min
= 2 # 300 = 200 mg/l
(c) 31,820 lit/min (d) 21,820 lit/min 3

56. Self-Cleaning velocity of sewage flowing in

52. Ans: (c)
pipelines is usually
Sol: P = 1,00,000 = 100 thousand (a) 0.25 m/sec (b) 0.40 m/sec
= =
Q 3182 P 3182 100 (c) 0.80 m/sec (d) 1.00 m/sec
= 31820 lit/min 56. Ans: (c)
Sol: Self-cleansing velocity usually range between 0.6
to 0.9 m/sec.
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 11 Civil Engineering

57. A jack well is a ___________ intake 59. Ans: (d)

(a) submerged (b) exposed Sol: 10 t
(c) wet (d) dry
y
57. Ans: (c)
Sol: Jack well is a sump. It collects water from infiltration 600 600
A C
wells and store it. Wet type intake. 6m

RC
58. A body is subjected to a direct tensile stress of 300
MPa in one plane accompanied by a simple shear
stress of 200 MPa. The maximum normal stress
will be
(a) – 100 MPa (b) 250 MPa
y
(c) 300 MPa (d) 400 MPa
600
58. Ans: (d)
3m
Sol:
τxy= 200mpa
y
Taking moment about ‘A’ Tan60c = 3
ΣMA = 0 ↺ –ve ↻ +ve
σxy= 300mpa
y = 3×Tan 60o
‒ RC× 6 + 10 × 5.2 = 0 y = 3× 3
52
= 26
x  y
=
R y=3 3
c  x  y m  2xy
 2 C
6 3
 max  2

2 @ joint ‘C’ y = 5.2 m
300  0  b 300  0 l  2002 = 400 MPa
2
= ΣV = 0↓
2 2
FBC sin 60°= 26
3
B

59. Force in member BC of truss shown is

600
B C
10 t

3 26 RC = 26
FBC # 2 = 3
3
600 600
A C FBC = 10 t (compression)
6m

(a) 10 t tensile (b) zero

(c) 5.76 t compression (d) 10 t compression

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 12 KPWD - AE 2021

60. What will be fixed end moment for the given beam 61. Ans: (d)
of span L = 6 m, when subjected to concentrate load Sol: 8 kN/m
P = 20 kN?

P 12 m
L/2 L/2 H H

L/4 L/4 30 m

A L/2 B L2
Horizontal Thrust (H) = 8h
(a) 12.97 kNm (b) 22.04 kNm 2

(c) 12.50 kNm (d) 10.00 kNm = 8 # 30 = 75 kN

8 # 12

60. Ans: (b) 62. A propped cantilever of span 5 m carries a uniformly

Sol: P distributed load of 2.5 kN/m run over its entire
L/2 M span. The value of prop reaction to keep the beam
L/2
A B horizontal is
L/4 L/4 (a) 4.16 kN (b) 4.98 kN
L/2 (c) 6.25 kN (d) 7.81 kN
P=20K N
3m 3m 62. Ans: (b)
Prismatic beam Sol: W=2.5 kN/m
A B
• For prismatic Beam, fixed end moment is PL
8 L= 5 m
• For Non-primatic Beam, fixed end moment is
3wL
greaterthan PL Prop reaction (RB) = 8
8

2
20 # 6 = 3 # 2.5 # 5 = 4.68 kN
8 8
Answer not matching, may be (b)
> 15 kN-m
22.04 >15 kN-m 63. The world’s first suspension bridge is
(a) Akashi Kaikyo bridge
(b) George Washington bridge
61. If a two hinged parabolic arch is subjected to
(c) Wheeling suspension bridge
uniformly distributed load 8 kN/m over entire
(d) East bridge
horizontal beam of span 30 m and maximum sag
of cable as 12 m, then what will be the horizontal
63. Ans: (c)
thrust?
Sol: Akashi Bridge (1998)
(a) 200 kN (b) 150 kN
George washington bridge (1927)
(c) 100 kN (d) 75 kN
Wheeling suspension bridge (1847)
Eads Bridge (1965)
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 13 Civil Engineering

64. Reaction locus for a two hinged semi-circular arch 67. Two loads of an electrical crane, 50 kN each, spaced
is at 4 m centre to centre cross a girder of 8 m span.
(a) A straight line parallel to line joining the Find the absolute maximum bending moment in the
abutments and at height pR/2 above it beam
(b) A curved line parallel to the arch and at height (a) 112.5 kNm (b) 122.5 kNm
pR/2 above (c) 132.5 kNm (d) 142.5 kNm
(c) A straight line parallel to line joining abutments
and at height pR above it 67. Ans: (a)
(d) A curve whose equation is y = PE Sol: 50 kN 50 kN
4m
64. Ans: (a)
Sol: For a two hinged semi-circular arch, the reaction
R x = 2m
locus is a straight line at a distance 2 from the R
abutments.
50 kN
65. For a simply supported beam, the greatest left end 3m 2/2

reaction is 1m 3m
(a) Maximum positive shear
4m 4m
(b) Maximum negative shear
(c) Support reaction
(d) None of the above

3/8
65. Ans: (a)

66. A beam AB of 10 m span is hinged supported at Absolute maximum bending moment

A and roller supported at B. The influence line for 3
= 50 # 8 + 500 # 8
15
reaction RB = mx where m is = 18.75 + 93.75
1 1 1 1 = 112.5 kN-m
(a) 2.5 (b) 5 (c) 7.5 (d) 10

68. Three new roads A, B and C are to be completed

66. Ans: (d)
in a five-year plan in Maharashtra. Which of the
Sol: 1
x L-x following is the order of priority based on maximum
A
L=10m utility principle (with top priority first)?
Road Length (km) No.of villages served
X A 30 600
R B = L = mX
B 40 750
Where, C 50 450
= 1= 1
m (a) B, C and A (b) B, A and C
L 10
(c) C, B and A (d) A, B and C
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 14 KPWD - AE 2021

68. Ans: (d) 72. According BIS recommendation, the cement

Sol: Priority = Population/length concrete paver blocks use in Highway construction
Road: A Priority = 600/30 = 20 for medium traffic roads shall have a compressive
Road: B Priority = 750/40 = 18.75 strength of
Road: C Priority = 450/50 = 9 (a) 40 MPa (b) 20 MPa
The order of Priority A,B & C (c) 25 MPa (d) 50 MPa

69. Which of the following statement is incorrect? 72. Ans: (a)

(a) Geometric design of High ways deals with Sol: Compressive strength of power blocks ≮ 40 Mpa as
cross selection elements per BIS.
(b) Geometric design of Highways deals with
horizontal and vertical alignment details. 73. What is the rating value, if in the opinion of the
(c) In the geometric design of Highways, design road users a particular road stretch is “Very good”?
speed will not be considered (a) 5 to 6 (b) 3 to 4
(d) In the geometric design of Highways (c) 2 to 3 (d) 4 to 5
environmental factors will be considered.
73. Ans: (d)
69. Ans: (b)
Sol: As per present serviceability index (PSI)
Sol: Geometric Design deals with horizontal alignment
0-1 ; Very poor
(horizontal curves), vertical alignment (sag and
1-2 ; Poor
summit curves)
2-3 ; Fair
3-4 ; Good
70. The following rational formula is widely used
4-5 ; Very good
to estimate the peak run-off water for highway
drainage
Ci 74. If mean deflection is 1.449 mm for a flexible
(a) Q = Ci Ad (b) Q = A
d pavement and standard deviation is 0.107 mm, the
C
(c) Q = iA (d) Q = C i Ad
2/3
characteristic deflection for highway with heavy
d
traffic is
70. Ans: (a) (a) 1.66 mm (b) 1.56 mm
(c) 1.34 mm (d) 1.24 mm
71. For design of road side drain the following data is
not required 74. Ans: (a)
(a) Rain fall data Sol: Mean deflection, δ = 1.449
(b) Type of soil of the side drain Stadard deviation, σ = 0.107
(c) Paved and shoulder area Characteristic deflection as per Benklemna’s beam
(d) Design speed of Vehicle Deflection text for high ways = δ + 2σ
= 1.449 + 2(0.107)
71. Ans: (d)
= 1.663 mm
Sol: Design speed is not required for the design of side
drains.
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 15 Civil Engineering

75. An alluvial river has a maximum flow discharge of 78. Minimum depth of foundation below the scour line
95 m3/sec. What is the linear waterway of the bridge in a arch bridge for piers should not be less than
as per Lacey’s equation? (a) 1.2 m (b) 1.8 m (c) 2.4 m (d) 3.0 m
(a) 92.2 m (b) 23.4 m (c) 46.8 m (d) 56.2 m
78. Ans: (b)
75. Ans: (c) Sol: Minimum depth of foundation below scour line in
Sol: Maximum flow discharge = 95m3/sec arch bridges will be 1.8 for other bridges it is 1.2 m
Linear waterway of a bridge as per Lacey’s equation (as per IRC).
is L = C Q
L = 4.8 Q = 4.8 95 79. The worth of an asset at the end of its useful life is
L = 46.78 m given by
[As per Lacey’s eqn C = 4.8] (a) Present worth (b) Salvage value
Lacey’s eqn is used in IRC; 6. (c) Sunk cost (d) Marginal cost

76. As per IRC class A loading, which of the following 79. Ans: (b)
statement is correct in connection with design of Sol: • Salvage value is the estimated resale value of an
bridge decks? asset at the end of its useful life.
(a) Impact factor is directly proportional to width • Salvage value is subtracted from the cost of an
of bridge deck asset to determines the depreciated cost.
(b) Impact factor is inversely proportional to
width of bridge deck. 80. The point at which total costs equal to total revenue
(c) Impact factor is inversely proportional span is called
length (a) Break even (b) Profit
(d) Impact factor is directly proportional to span (c) Worth (d) Annuity
length
80. Ans: (a)
76. Ans: (b) Sol: The point at which total costs equal to total revenue
Sol: Impact factor decreases with increase in width of is called “Break-Even” point
bridge deck.
Price
Revenue Total cost
77. If a rocker and roller bearing is provided at one end B.E.P
of a bridge girder, then the other end will be
(a) fixed end (b) simple support
(c) free end (d) rocker bearing
output Qty
77. Ans: (d) At BEP, Total Revenue = Total Cost.
Sol: All the bridge girders are simply supported @ one
end rocker and roller bearing acts like a roller and
at the other end there will be only rocker bearing,
which acts like a hinge support.
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 16 KPWD - AE 2021

81. In the time Cost Optimisation using CPM method 82. Ans: (c)
for network analysis, the crashing of activities along Sol: Activitty - A
the critical path is done starting with activity having 1 2
4− 6− 8
(a) Longest duration (b) Highest cost slope to-tm-tp
(c) Least cost slope (d) Shortest duration

Activitty - B
81. Ans: (c) 1 2
5− 5.5 − 9
Sol: In time-cost optimisation using CPM method for to-tm-tp
Network Analysis, the crashing of activities along
the critical path is done starting with an activity t o  4t m  t p
Expected time of an activity A = 
having least-cost slope. 6

44#68
Crash cos t  Normal cos t (E A) 
Cost Slope =  Normal time  Crash time 6
 
 4 24 8  6 days
6
5  4 # 5.5  9
C.C
Cost Expected time of an activity B =  6
36
(E=
B)
= 6 days
6
N.C
EA = EB

C.T N.T Time 83. Security deposit deducted at 5% from contractor’s

bill is
C.C = Crash Cost C.T = Crash time
(a) Refunded when the contractor has completed
N.C = Normal cost N.T = Normal Time
the work
(b) Refunded even before the completion of the
82. If the optimistic time, most likely time and
work
pessimistic time for activity A are 4, 6 and 8
(c) Refunded after 5 years defect liability
respectively and activity B are 5, 5.5 and 9
(d) Refunded when the defect liability period of
respectively, then
six months or one monsoon whichever is later
(a) Expected time of activity A is greater than the
is over
expected of activity B
(b) Expected time of activity B i s greater than the
83. Ans: (d)
expected of activity A
Sol: Security deposit deducted at 5% from contractors
(c) Expected time of both activity A and B are
bill is refunded when the defect liability period of
same
six months (or) one monsoon which ever is later is
(d) None of the above
over

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 17 Civil Engineering

84. Which of the following is not primary dismantling 87. Ans: (d)
method? Sol: The simplest relation and the most widely used
(a) Splitters (b) Thermal lancing equation for the mean velocity calculation is the
(c) Hand held chippers (d) Diamond sawing “Manning equation” by analyzing the experimental
data obtained. The equation is
84. Ans: (d) 1
V = n (R) 2/3 . (S) 1/2
Sol: Diamond sawing is not a primary dismantling
method. It is a method used for separation. R = Hydraulic radius
where,
85. Person ‘A’ sells, by auction to person ‘B’ a house n = Manning’s roughness coefficient
which ‘A’ knows it to be unsound. ‘A’ does not say Factors effecting ‘n’ are below
anything to ‘B’ about the house being unsoundness. 1. Surface roughness
The act of person ‘A’ is 2. Channel alignment
(a) misrepresentation (b) fraud 3. Channel irregularities
(c) not fraud (d) undue influence 4. Channel velocity flow area and channel slope.

85. Ans: (c) 88. As per IRC guidelines, a bituminous concrete

Sol: Person ‘A’ sells, by auction to person B, a house surface of a highway is considered good (resurfacing
which ‘A’ knows to be unsound. A does not say layer is justified) if the value of unevenness index is
anything to B about the house being unsoundness. less than
The act of person ‘A’ is “Not fraud”. (a) 200 mm/km (b) 2000 mm/km
(c) 20 mm/km (d) 2 mm/km
86. The maximum permissible size of stone aggregate
used for the construction of subgrade is 88. Ans: (b)
(a) 25 mm (b) 50 mm Sol: As per IRC guidelines for good pavement surface,
(c) 12.5 mm (d) 10 mm uneven index should not be more than 2000 mm per
one km length.
86. Ans: (b)
Sol: As per IRC, maximum size of coarse used in the 89. Expansion bearings which are used in modern
preparation of sub grade is 50 mm. urban bridges which permit sliding movement and
rotation in all directions is
87. The longitudinal slope of a known cross-section (a) Sliding Plate Bearing
and develop flow for designed values of roughness (b) R.C Rocker Expansion Bearing
coefficient and hydraulic radius is found from (c) Steel Roller-cum-Rocker Bearing
(a) Hazen - Williams Equation (d) Sliding - cum - Rocker Bearing
(b) Darcy - Weisbach Equation
(c) Hagen - Poiseuille Equation 89. Ans: (a)
(d) Manning’s Formula Sol: The bearings which are used in urban bridges which
permits horizontal movement and rotation are
sliding plate bearings.
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 18 KPWD - AE 2021

90. If to is the optimistic time estimate, tp is the 92. Ans: (c)

pessimistic time estimate and tm is the most likely Sol:
time estimate, then the average or expected time, te • Vibratory rollers are used for compacting
of completion of an activity is given by granular soils and pavement layers with
(a) (to + 6tm + tp)/4 (b) (to + tm + tp)/6 granular materials.
(c) (to + 4tm + tp) /6 (d) (4to + tm + tp)/6 • In vibrators rollers, compaction is effected due
to dynamic effect of vibrator and also due to
90. Ans: (c) static weight of the roller .
(t o + 4t m + t p)
Sol: Expected time (te) = 6
93. The technique of pressure injection of grouts for
where, the purpose of raising or stabilizing faulty concrete
to = optimistic time pavement floors and other slab on grade surface is
tp = pessimistic time termed as’
tm = most likely time (a) Slab Jacking technique
(b) Polymer grouting technique
91. The most common type of precedence relationship (c) Resin injection technique
used in PERT, CPM and ladder network is the (d) Dry packing technique
(a) Start-to-start relationship
(b)Finish-to-start relationship 93. Ans: (a)
(c) Finish-to-finish relationship Sol: Slab Jacking Technique is a method of raising (or)
(d) Start-to-finish relationship stabilizing faulty concrete pavements and slab on
grade surface that has sunk (or) is uneven. A pattern
91. Ans: (b) of holes are drilled, then a mixture is pumped
Sol: A logical connection in which a successor venture beneath the slab to raise provides a stable base, thus
can not start until a predecessor activity has finished. strengthening the slab.
FINISH-TO-START relationship is the most
commonly used logical relationship. 94. Arrange the steps involved in rehabilitation of
distressed concrete structure
92. Select the correct statement about vibratory rollers 1. Remove all cracked, spalled and look concrete
1. Vibratory rollers are used to compact silty soil 2. Clean the exposed concrete surface and steel
2. Vibratory rollers are used for compacting reinforcement
granular soils 3. Support structural members properly as
3. Compaction in vibratory rollers is effected due required
to dynamic effect of vibrator and also due to 4. Apply protective coating over the exposed or
static weight of the roller repaired surface
(a) 1 and 3 5. Provide additional reinforcing bars is low in
(b) 1 and 2 reinforcement is more than 10%
(c) 2 and 3 6. Shotcreting/polymer concrete for patch repair
(d) All the above work of grouting for porous/honey combed
concrete
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 19 Civil Engineering

(a) 3, 1, 2, 5, 6, 4 (b) 2, 1, 3, 5, 6, 4 97. Building and other construction workers act became
(c) 3, 1, 2, 5, 4, 6 (d) 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6 effective in India during ________ to extend social
security of the workers
94. Ans: (c) (a) 1956 (b) 1971 (c) 1996 (d) 2015
Sol: Steps involved in rehabilitation of distressed
concrete structure: 97. Ans: (c)
• Support structural members properly as Sol: Building and other construction workers act become
required effective in India in 1996.
• Remove all cracked, spalled and look concrete
• Clean the exposed concrete surface and steel 98. The concrete obtained by adding soluble or
reinforcement emulsified polymer into ordinary Portland cement
• Provide additional reinforcing bars is low in concrete is _______ concrete
reinforcement is more than 10% (a) Polymer impregnated
• Apply protective coating over the exposed or (b) Polymer modified cement
repaired surface (c) Polymer
• Shotcreting/polymer concrete for patch repair (d) High density
work of grouting for porous/honey combed
concrete 98. Ans: (a)
Sol: The concrete obtained by adding soluble or
95. What is meant by sunk cost?
emulsified polymer into ordinary Portland cement
(a) It is what the asset is worth of at the end of its
concrete is called as Polymer impregnated concrete.
useful life
(b) It is the cost which has already been incurred
99. The third phase of a construction project life cycle
and cannot be recovered
is
(c) It is the incremental revenue of selling product
(a) Construction (b) Conceptual design
(d) It is the present worth of the project
(c) Preliminary design (d) Detailed design
95. Ans: (b)
Sol: Sunk Cost is a cost that has already been incurred 99. Ans: (a)
and that cannot be recovered. Sol: Construction is the third phase of a construction
project.
96. Total float can be calculated using
(a) Total float = Late finish – Early finish 100. Payment of Wages Act of 1936 was amended int he
(b)Total float = Late start – Early start year
(c) None of the above (a) 1980 (b) 1981
(d) Both (a) and (b) (c) 1982 (d) 1984

96. Ans: (d) 100. Ans: (c)

Sol: Total Float = Late Finish –Early Finish (or) Sol: Payment of Wages act of 1936 was amended in the
Late Start – Early Start year 1982.
T.F = L.F – E.F (or) LS – ES
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