(Group 15 to 18)

1. Which of the following statements is not true for halogens?

(a) All form monobasic oxyacids.

(b) All are oxidizing agents.

(c) All but fluorine show positive oxidation states.

(d) Chlorine has the highest electron‐gain enthalpy. (NEET 2018)

2. Match the interhalogen compounds of column‐I with the geometry in column‐II and
assign the correct code.
Column I Column II

(a) XX  (i) T ‐shape

(b) XY3' (ii) Pentagonal bipyramidal

(c) XY5' (iii) Linear

(d) XY7' (iv) Squarepyramidal

(v) Tetrahedral

Code :

A B C D

(a) (iii) (i) (iv) (ii)

(b) (v) (iv) (iii) (ii)

(c) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

(d) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii) (NEET 2017)

3. In which pair of ions both the species contain S — S bond?

(a) S4O62− , S2O32−

(b) S2O72− , S2O82−

(c) S4O62− , S2O72−

(d) S2O72− , S2O32− (NEET 2017)

4. Match the compounds given in column I with the hybridisation and shape given in
column II and mark the correct option.
 Column I Column II
(a) XeF6 (i) distortedoctahedral
(b) XeO3 (ii) square planar
(c) XeOF4 (iii) pyramidal
(d) XeF4 (iv) squarepyramidal
Code :A B C D

(a) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

(b) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

(c) (i) (iii) (iv) (ii)

(d) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (NEET‐I 2016)

5. Which is the correct statement for the given acids?

(a) Phosphinic acid is a monoprotic acid while phosphonic acid is a diprotic acid.

(b) Phosphinic acid is a diprotic acid while phosphonic acid is a monoprotic acid.

(c) Both are diprotic acids.

(d) Both are triprotic acids. (NEET‐I 2016)

6. Which one of the following orders is correct for the bond dissociation enthalpy of
halogen molecules?

(a) Br2  I 2  F2  Cl2

(b) F2  Cl2  Br2  I 2

(c) I 2  Br2  Cl2  F2

(d) Cl2  Br2  F2  I 2 (NEET‐I 2016)

7. When copper is heated with conc. HNO3 it produces

(a) Cu( NO3 )2 , NO and NO2

(b) Cu( NO3 )2 and N2O

(c) Cu( NO3 )2 and NO2

(d) Cu( NO3 )2 and NO (NEET‐I 2016)

8. Among the following, the correct order of acidity is

 (a) HClO2  HClO  HClO3  HClO4

(b) HClO4  HClO2  HClO  HClO3

(c) HClO3  HClO4  HClO2  HClO

(d) HCIO  HClO2  HClO3  HClO4 (NEET‐I 2016)

9. Strong reducing behaviour of H 3 PO2 is due to

(a) high electron gain enthalpy of phosphorus

(b) high oxidation state of phosphorus

(c) presence of two −OH groups and one P—H bond

(d) presence of one −OH group and two P—H bonds. (2015)

10. The variation of the boiling points of the hydrogen halides is in the order
HF  HI  HBr  HCl. What explains the higher boiling point of hydrogen fluoride?

(a) There is strong hydrogen bonding between HF molecules.

(b) The bond energy of HF molecules is greater than in other hydrogen halides.

(c) The effect of nuclear shielding is much reduced in fluorine which polarises the HF
molecule.

(d) The electronegativity of fluorine is much higher than for other elements in the
group. (2015)

11. Which of the statements given below is incorrect?

(a) O3 molecule is bent.

(b) ONF is isoelectronic with O2 N − .

(c) OF2 is an oxide of fluorine.

(d) Cl2O7 is an anhydride of perchloric acid. (2015)

12. The formation of the oxide ion, O(2g−) from oxygen atom requires first an exothermic and
then an endothermic step as shown below:
− − −1 − − 2− −1
O( g ) + e → O( g ) ;  f H = −141kJmol O( g ) + e → O( g ) ;  f H = +780kJmo1 Thus, process of
o o

formation of O 2− in gas phase is unfavourable even though O 2− is isoelectronic with

neon. It is due to the fact that,
 (a) O− ion has comparatively smaller size than oxygen atom

(b) oxygen is more electronegative

(c) addition of electron in oxygen results in larger size of the ion

(d) electron repulsion outweighs the stability gained by achieving noble gas
configuration. (2015)

13. Nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide have some properties in common. Which
property is shown by one of these compounds, but not by the other?

(a) Is soluble in water.

(b) Is used as a food preservative.

(c) Forms ‘acid‐rain’.

(d) Is a reducing agent. (2015, Cancelled)

14. Acidity of diprotic acids in aqueous solutions increases in the order

(a) H 2 S  H 2 Se  H 2Te ( d )( c )( b ) H 2Te  H 2 S  H 2 SeH 2 Se  H 2Te  H 2 SH 2 Se  H 2 S  H 2Te

(2014)

15. Which is the strongest acid in the following?

(a) HClO4

(b) H 2 SO3

(c) H 2 SO4

(d) HClO3 (NEET 2013)

16. Which one of the following molecules contains no  bond?

(a) SO2

(b) NO2

(c) CO2

(d) H 2O (NEET 2013)

17. Which of the following does not give oxygen on heating?

(a) K2Cr2O7
 (b) ( NH4 )2 Cr2O7

(c) KClO3

(d) Zn(ClO3 )2 (NEET 2013)

18. Identify the incorrect statement, regarding the molecule XeO4 :

(a) XeO4 molecule is square planar.

(b) There are four p − d bonds.

(c) There are four sp3 ‐p, 0 bonds.

(d) XeO4 molecule is tetrahedral.(Karnataka NEET 2013)

19. In which of the following compounds, nitrogen exhibits highest oxidation state?

(a) N2 H 4

(b) NH 3

(c) N3 H

(d) NH 4OH (2012)

20. Which of the following statements is not valid for oxoacids of phosphorus?

(a) Orthophosphoric acid is used in the manufacture of triple superphosphate.

(b) Hypophosphorous acid is a diprotic acid.

(c) All oxoacids contain tetrahedral four coordinated phosphorus.

(d) All oxoacids contain at least one P = 0 unit and one P—OH group. (2012)

21. Sulphur trioxide can be obtained by which of the following reaction?


(a) CaSO4 + C ⎯⎯ →

(b) Fe2 ( SO4 )3 ⎯⎯ →

(c) S + H 2 SO4 ⎯⎯ →

(d) H 2 SO4 + PC15 ⎯⎯ → (2012)

22. In which of the following arrangements the given sequence is not strictly according to
the property indicated against it?
 (a) HF  HCl  HBr  HI : increasing acidic strength

(b) H2O  H2 S  H2 se HTe : increasing pKa values

(c) NH3  PH3  AsH3  SbH3 : increasing acidic character

(d) CO2  SiO2  SnO2  PbO2 : increasing oxidising power (Mains 2012)

23. Oxidation states of P in HPO, HPO, H4 P2O7 are respectively

(a) +3, +5, + 4

(b) +5, +3, + 4

(c) +5, +4, +3

(d) +3, +4, +5 (2010)

24. The correct order of increasing bond angles in the following species is

(a) C12 O  ClO2  ClO2−

(b) ClO2  C12 O  ClO2−

(c) C12 O  ClO2−  ClO2

(d) ClO2−  C12 O  ClO2 (2010)

25. How many bridging oxygen atoms are present in P4O10 ?

(a) 6

(b) 4

(c) 2

(d) 5(Mains 2010)

26. Among the following which is the strongest. oxidising agent?

(a) Br2

(b) I 2 Reject

(c) Cl2

(d) F2 (2009)

27. The angular shape of ozone molecule (O) consists of

 (a) 10 and 1 bond

(b) 20 and 1 bond

(c) 1 0 and 2 bonds

(d) 20 and 2 bonds (2008)

28. Which one of the following orders correctly represents the increasing acid strengths of
the given acids?

(a) HOCIO  HOCl  HOClO3  HOClO2

(b) HOClO2  HOClO3  HOClO  HOCl

(c) HOClO3  HOClO2  HOClO  HOC1

(d) HOCl  HOCIO  HOClO2  HOClO3 ( 2007, 2005 )

29. The electronegativity difference between N and F is greater than that between N and
H yet the dipole moment of NH 3 (1.5 D ) is larger than that of F3 ( 0.2 D ) . This is because

(a) in NH 3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in the opposite directions whereas in
NF3 these are in the same direction

(b) in NH 3 as well as in NF3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in the same
direction

(c) in NH 3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in the same direction whereas in NF3
these are in opposite directions

(d) in NH 3 as well as in NF3 the atomic dipole and bond dipole are in opposite
directions. (2006)

30. Which one of the following orders is not in accordance with the property stated against
it?

(a) F2  Cl2  Br2  I 2 : Bond dissociation energy

(b) F2  Cl2  Br2  I 2 : Oxidising power

(c) HI  HBr  HCl  HF : Acidic property in water

(d) F2  Cl2  Br2  I 2 : Electronegativity(2006)

31. In which of the following molecules are all the bonds are not equal?
 (a) NF3

(b) ClF3

(c) BF3

(d) AlF3 (2006)

32. What is the correct relationship between the pH of isomolar solutions of sodium oxide,
NaO  ( pH1 ) , sodium sulphide, Na2 S ( pH 2 ) , sodium Reject selenide, Na2 Se ( pH ) and
˙
sodium telluride RejectReject Reject rReject Na2Te ( pH 4 ) ?

(a) pH1  pH2  pH3  pH4

(b) pH1  pH2 = pH3  pH4

(c) pH1  pH2  pH3  pH4 Reject

(d) pH1  pH2  pH3 = pH4 (2005)

33. Which one of the following oxides is expected to exhibit paramagnetic behaviour?

(a) CO2

(b) SiO2

(c) SO2

(d) ClO2 (2005)

34. Which of the following would have a permanent dipole moment?

(a) SiF4

(b) SF4

(c) XeF4

(d) BF3 (2005)

35. Among K , Ca, Fe and Zn, the element which can form more than one binary
compound with chlorine is

(a) Fe

(b) Zn
 (c) K

(d) Ca (2004)

36. Which of the following statement is true?

(a) Silicon exhibits 4 coordination number in its compound.

(b) Bond energy of F2 is less than Cl2 .

(c) Mn(III) oxidation state is more stable than Mn(II) in aqueous state.

(d) Elements of 15th gp shows only +3 and +5 oxidation states. (2002)

37. Which of the following order is wrong?

(a) NH3  PH3  AsH3 —acidic

(b) Li  Be  B  C −1st IP

(c) A12 O3  MgO  Na2O  K2O —basic

(d) Li +  Na+  K +  Cs + —ionic radius.(2002)

38. Correct order of 1st ionisation potential among following elements Be, B, C, N , O is

(a) B  Be  C  O  N

(b) B  Be  C  N  O

(c) Be  B  C  N  O

(d) Be  B  C  O  N (2001)

39. Which compound has planar structure?

(a) XeF4

(b) XeOF2

(c) XeO 2 F2

(d) XeO4 (2000)

40. Which of the following oxides is most acidic?

(a) As2O5

(b) P2O5
 (c) N2O5

(d) Sb2O5 (1999)

41. Which of the following phosphorus is the most reactive?

(a) Scarlet phosphorus

(b) White phosphorus

(c) Red phosphorus

(d) Violet phosphorus (1999)

42. Which of the following is used in the preparation of chlorine?

(a) Both MnO2 and KMnO4

(b) Only KMnO4

(c) Only MnO2

(d) Either MnO2 or KMnO4 (1999)

43. Repeated use of which one of the following fertilizers would increase the acidity of the
soil?

(a) Ammonium sulphate

(b) Superphosphate of lime

(c) Urea

(d) Potassium nitrate (1998)

44. Which of the following has the highest dipole moment?

(a) SbH3

(b) AsH 3

(c) NH 3

(d) PH3 (1997)

45. The structural formula of hypophosphorous acid is

 (a)

(b)

(c)

(d) None of these (1997)

46. Which of the following bonds has the highest energy?

(a) SS

(b) OO

(c) SeSe

(d) TeTe (1996)

47. The basic character of hydrides of the V group elements decreases in the order

(a) NH3  PH3  AsH3  SbH3

(b) SbH3  AsH3  PH3  NH3

(c) SbH3  PH3  AsH3  NH3

(d) NH3  SbH3  PH3  AsH3 (1996)

48. Among the following oxides, the lowest acidic is

(a) As4O6

(b) As4O10

(c) P4O6

(d) P4O10 (1996)

49. Which of the following has the greatest electron affinity?

 (a) I

(b) Br

(c) F

(d) Cl (1996)

50. Which of the following represents calcium chlorite?

(a) Ca(ClO3 )2

(b) Ca(ClO2 )2

(c) CaClO2

(d) Ca(ClO4 )2 (1996)

51. Reaction of sodium thiosulphate with iodine gives

(a) tetrathionate ion

(b) sulphide ion

(c) sulphate ion

(d) sulphite ion. (1996)

52. About 20 km above the earth, there is an ozone layer. Which one of the following
statements about ozone and ozone layer is true?

(a) It is beneficial to us as it stops U.V radiation.

(b) Conversion of O3 to O2 is an endothermic reaction.

(c) Ozone has a triatomic linear molecule.

(d) It is harmful as it stops useful radiation. (1995)

53. The electronic configuration of an element is 1s 2 2s 2 2 p6 3s 2 3 p3 . What is the atomic

number of the element, which is just below the above element in the periodic table?

(a) 36

(b) 49

(c) 33

(d) 34 (1995)

54. Which of the following oxides of nitrogen is paramagnetic?

 (a) NO2

(b) N2O3

(c) N2O

(d) N2O5 (1994)

55. Which of the following displaces Br2 from an aqueous solution containing bromide
ions?

(a) I 2

(b) I‐3

(c) Cl2

(d) Cl − (1994)

56. Which of the following fluorides does not exist?

(a) NF5

(b) PF5

(c) AsF5

(d) SbF5 (1993)

57. Which of the following species has four lone pairs of electrons?

(a) I

(b) O

(c) Cl −

(d) He (1993)

58. Which of the following sets has strongest tendency to form anions?

(a) Ga, Ni, Tl

(b) Na, Mg, Al

(c) N , O, F

(d) V, Cr, Mn.(1993)

59. A solution of potassium bromide is treated with each ofthe following. Which one would
liberate bromine?

(a) Hydrogen iodide

(b) Sulphur dioxide

(c) Chlorine

(d) Iodine (1993)

60. Which of the following elements is extracted commercially by the electrolysis of an

aqueous solution of its compound?

(a) Cl

(b) Br

(c) Al

(d) Na (1993)

61. Number of electrons shared in the formation of nitrogen molecule is

(a) 6

(b) 10

(c) 2

(d) 8 (1992)

62. Sugarcane on reaction with nitric acid gives

(a) CO2 and SO2

(b) ( COOH )

(c) 2HCOOH (two moles)

(d) no reaction. (1992)

63. Nitrogen is relatively inactive element because

(a) its atom has a stable electronic configuration

(b) it has low atomic radius

(c) its electronegativity is fairly high

(d) dissociation energy of its molecule is fairly high. (1992)

64. H 3 PO2 is the molecular formula of an acid of phosphorus. Its name and basicity
respectively are

(a) phosphorous acid and two

(b) hypophosphorous acid and two

(c) hypophosphorous acid and one

(d) hypophosphoric acid and two. (1992)

65. Which of the following bonds will be most polar?

(a) N—CI

(b) O—F

(c) N—F

(d) N‐N (1992)

66. Elements of which of the following groups will form anions most readily?

(a) Oxygen family

(b) Nitrogen family

(c) Halogens

(d) Alkali metals (1992)

67. Strongest hydrogen bonding is shown by

(a) water

(b) ammonia

(c) hydrogen fluoride

(d) hydrogen sulphide. (1992)

68. When chlorine is passed over dry slaked lime at room temperature, the main reaction
product is

(a) Ca(ClO2 )2

(b) CaCl2

(c) CaOCl2

(d) Ca(OCl )2 (1992)

69. In the manufacture of bromine from sea water, the mother liquor containing bromides
is treated with

(a) carbon dioxide

(b) chlorine

(c) iodine

(d) sulphur dioxide. (1992)

70. Which would quickly absorb oxygen?

(a) Alkaline solution of pyrogallol

(b) Conc. H 2 SO4

(c) Lime water

(d) Alkaline solution of CuSO4 . (1991)

71. Oleum is

(a) castor oil

(b) oil of vitriol

(c) fuming H 2 SO4

(d) none of these. (1991)

72. Aqueous solution of ammonia consists of

(a) H +

(b) OH −

(c) NH 4+

(d) NH 4+ and OH. (1991)

73. P2O5 is heated with water to give

(a) hypophosphorous acid

(b) phosphorous acid

(c) hypophosphoric acid

(d) orthophosphoric acid. (1991)

74. Basicity of orthophosphoric acid is

(a) 2

(b) 3

(c) 4

(d) 5 (1991)

75. PCl3 reacts with water to form

(a) PH3

(b) H 3 PO3 , HC1

(c) POCl3

(d) H 3 PO4 (1991)

76. PH 4 I + NaOH forms

(a) PH3

(b) NH 3

(c) P4O6

(d) P4O10 (1991)

77. Pure nitrogen is prepared in the laboratory by heating a mixture of

(a) NH 4OH + NaCl

(b) NH 4 NO3 + NaCl

(c) NH 4Cl + NaOH

(d) NH4Cl + NaNO2 . (1991)

78. The bleaching action of chlorine is due to

(a) reduction

(b) hydrogenation

(c) chlorination

(d) oxidation.(1991)
79. Which of the following statement is not correct for nitrogen?

(a) Its electronegativity is very high.

(b) d ‐orbitals are available for bonding.

(c) It is a typical non‐metal.

(d) Its molecular size is small. (1990)

80. Which of the following compound does not exist?

(a) NCl5

(b) AsF5

(c) SbCl5

(d) PF5 (1989)

81. Each of the following is true for white and red phosphorus except that they

(a) are both soluble in CS2

(b) can be oxidised by heating in air

(c) consist of the same kind of atoms

(d) can be converted into one another.(1989)

82. When orthophosphoric acid is heated to 600o C, the product formed is

(a) PH3

(b) P2O5

(c) H 3 PO3

(d) HPO3 (1989)

83. Which one has the lowest boiling point?

(a) NH 3

(b) PH3

(c) AsH 3

(d) SbH3 (1989)

84. Oxygen will directly react with each of the following elements except

(a) P

(b) Cl

(c) Na

(d) S (1989)

85. The gases respectively absorbed by alkaline pyrogallol and oil of cinnamon are

(a) O3 , CH 4

(b) O2 , O3

(c) SO2 , CH 4

(d) N2O, O3 . (1989)

86. It is possible to obtain oxygen from air by fractional distillation because

(a) oxygen is in a different group of the periodic table from nitrogen

(b) oxygen is more reactive than nitrogen

(c) oxygen has higher b.p. than nitrogen

(d) oxygen has a lower density than nitrogen. (1989)

87. Bleaching powder reacts with a few drops of conc. HC1 to give

(a) chlorine

(b) hypochlorous acid

(c) calcium oxide

(d) oxygen. (1989)

88. Which of the following is a nitric acid anhydride?

(a) NO

(b) NO2

(c) N2O5

(d) N2O3 (1988)

89. Bleaching powder is obtained by the action of chlorine gas and

(a) dilute solution of Ca(OH )2

(b) concentrated solution of Ca(OH )2

(c) dry CaO

(d) dry slaked lime.(1988)

Answer Key

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (a) 11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15.
(a) 16. (d) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (b) 21. (b) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (d) 25. (a) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28.
(d) 29. (c) 30. (a) 31. (b) 32. (a) 33. (d) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (b) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (c) 41.
(b) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (c) 45. (c) 46. (a) 47. (a) 48. (a) 49. (d) 50. (b) 51. (a) 52. (a) 53. (c) 54.
(a) 55. (c) 56. (a) 57. (b) 58. (c) 59. (c) 60. (a) 61. (a) 62. (b) 63. (d) 64. (c) 65. (c) 66. (c) 67. (c)
68. (c) 69. (b) 70. (a) 71. (c) 72. (d) 73. (d) 74. (b) 75. (b) 76. (a) 77. (d) 78. (d) 79. (b) 80. (a)
81. (a) 82. (d) 83. (b) 84. (b) 85. (b) 86. (c) 87. (a) 88. (c) 89. (d)
p ‐Block Elements (Group 15 to 18)

169

‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ EXPLANATIONS
‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖ ‖

1. (c):All halogens show both positive and negative oxidation states while fluorine
shows only negative oxidation state except +1 in HOF.

2. (a)

O1 O1 s1 |

3. (a): O − S − S − S − S − O− 0 / / | O −
S\

o1 01 0−

( S O )( S O )
4
2−
6 2
2−
3

O1 O1 O1 O1
ō − s − 0 − s1 − OOO ||| ō −s − 0 − 0 − s1 − O−OO |||

( S O )( S O )
2
2−
7 2
2−
8

(c)

4.
Error :: 0 x0000
Xe
O / /‖ \ \ o

XeO3

Pyramidal
F

sp3

XeF6

Distorted octahedral

sp3d 3

F O |−− −−F

| Xe |
1 1
− . g− \ − F
F .

XeOF4

Square pyramidal XeF4

sp3d 2 Square planar

 sp3d 2

5. (a) :

O || O‖

H / P\ \ oH H / P\ \ OH
H OH

H3 PO2 H3 PO3

Hypophosphorous acid Orthophosphorous acid or Phosphinic acid or Phosphonic

acid(Dibasic) (Monobasic)

6. (d): The order of bond dissociation enthalpy is :

C12  Br2  F2  I 2

7. (c) : Cu + 4HNO3 ( conc. ) → Cu( NO3 )2 + 2NO2

+2H2O

8. (d):The acidic character of the oxoacids increases with increase in oxidation number
of the halogen atom i.e., HCIO  HClO2  HClO3  HClO4 . This can be explained on the
basis of relative stability of the anions left aft er removal of a proton. Since the stability
of the anion decreases in the order: ClO4−  ClO3−  ClO2−  ClO− , acid strength also
decreases in the same order.

9. (d) : All oxyacids of phosphorus which have P—H bonds act as strong reducing
agents. H 3 PO2 has two P—H bonds hence, it acts as a strong reducing agent.

0
11

/P \
HO | H
 H
10. (a): HF forms strong intermolecular H ‐bonding due to high electronegativity of F.
Hence, the boiling point of HF is abnormally high. Boiling points of other hydrogen
halides gradually increase from HC1 to HI due to increase in size of halogen atoms
from Cl to I which further increase the magnitude of van der Waals forces.

11. (c): OF2 (oxygen difluoride) is a fluoride of oxygen because fluorine is more
electronegative than oxygen.

12. (d)

13. (b) : NO2 is not used as a food preservative.

14. (a): As the atomic size increases down the group, the bond length increases and the
bond strength decreases and the cleavage of EH bond becomes easier thus, more will be
the acidity Thus, the correct order is : H 2 S  H 2 Se  H 2Te.

15. (a): HClO4 with highest oxidation number and its conjugate base is resonance
stabilised, hence it is most acidic. Cl is more electronegative than S.
0

16. (d): HReject \ 0H

170

17. (b): ( NH 4 )2 Cr2O7 → N 2 + Cr2O3 + 4H 2O


Zn(ClO3 )2 ⎯⎯ → ZnCl2 + 3O2

KClO3 ⎯⎯ → KC + 3 / 2O2

2K2Cr2O7 ⎯⎯ → 2K2CrO4 + Cr2O3 + 3 / 2O2

0
11

18. (a): 0 / Xe \ \ \0 / \
0

Tetrahedral sp 3 ( )
19. (c) : N 2 H 4 = 2 x + 4 ( +1) = 0 = 2 x + 4 = 0

= x = −2

NH 3 = x + 3 ( +1) = 0 = x = −3

N 3 H = 3x + 1( +1) = 0 = 3x + 1 = 0 = x = −1/ 3

NH 2OH = x + 2 + 1( −2 ) + 1 = 0 = x + 1 = 0

= x = −1
Thus, highest oxidation state is −1/ 3.

20. (b): Hypophosphorous acid is a monoprotic acid.

O
11

H | OH / P \

21. (b): Fe2 ( SO4 )3 → Fe2O3 + 3SO3

22. (b): Acidic strength of hydrides increase with increase in molecular mass.

Thus order of acidic strength is

HF  HCl  HBr  HI

H2O  H 2 S  H 2 Se  H 2Te

NH3  PH3  AsH3  SbH3

And as acidic strength increases, pKa decreases. Thus order of pKa

H2O  H2 S  H2 Se  H2Te

23. (d): The oxidation state can be calculated as :

H 4 P2O5 : +4 + 2 x + 5 ( −2 ) = 0 = 2 x − 6 = 0 = x = +3
H 4 P2O6 : +4 + 2 x + 6 ( −2 ) = 0 = 2 x − 8 = 0 = x = +4
H 4 P2O7 : +4 + 2 x + 7 ( −2 ) = 0 = 2 x − 10 = 0 = 2 x = 10
 = x = +5
24. (d)

25. (a) :
P
11
:0
26. (d): Standard reduction potentials of halogens are positive and decrease fr om
fluorine to iodine. So, F2 is the strongest oxidising agent.

27. (b): The angular shape of ozone molecule (O)

O6.8 \ / 11−−
− P
O bO J  e,(

O3 molecules can be represented by the following two lewis structures.

(+) (+)
¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨ ¨
: O O O o o : , : O O O  0 . .:

S  lUCmre I Structure II

28. (d): HO+1Cl  H +3ClO2  H +5ClO3  H +7ClO4

As the number of oxygen atom increases, an increasing amount of electron density

shiftts from Cl atom to more electronegative O atom. Hence as the oxidation number of
Cl atom increases, the amount of actual positive charge on Cl atom increases which in
turn attracts the electron density from O‐H bond, hence the O‐H bond is weakened and
proton is easily released and acidity increases. 29. (c) : The dipole moment of NF3 is 0.24
D and of NH 3 is 1.48 D. The difference is due to fact that while the dipole moment due
to N‐F bonds in NF3 are in opposite direction to the direction of the dipole moment of
the lone pair on N atom which partly cancel out, the dipole moment of N‐H bonds in
NH 3 are in the same direction ofthe dipole moment of the lone pair on N atom which
adds up as shown:
1Q 1Q
/N
F \ F HH  N * \ H
F

NF3 (moments subtract) NH 3 (moments add)

30. (a): X − X bond F‐F CI‐CI Br‐Br I‐I Bond dissociation

38 57 45.5 35.6 energy (kcal/mol)

The lower value of bond dissociation energy of fluorine is due to the high inter‐
electronic repulsions between non‐bonding electrons in the 2 p ‐orbitals of fluorine. As a
result F − F bond is weaker in comparison to CI—CI and Br—Br bonds.
p ‐Block Elements (Group 15 to 18)

171

31. (b) : The CI‐F ( Cl − Feq ) bond length is equal to 1.60 Å while each of the two axial CI‐
F ( Cl − Fa ) bond length is equal to 1.70 Å.

32. (a): Na2ONa2 SeNa2 S  Means N a2Oismostb asicbasic characterdecreases d owntheg

roup

Na2Te

We know that more the basic compound more is the pH [ H  basic character]

Hence pH1  pH2  pH3  pH4

33. (d): 0 = C = O
o = Si = 0
diamagnetic

diamagnetic
Q


S
O// \\O
 C1
OO \\
paramagnetic diamagnetic

34. (b) : For dipole moment, we have to know the

Xe

Si
 =0  0  =0
F |
B
F/ \F

 =0

35. (a) : A binary compound is one made of two different elements. These can be one of
each element such as CuCl2 or FeO . These can also be several of each element such as
Fe2O3 or SnBr4 .

Metals which have variable oxidation number can form more than one type of binary
compound like Fe shows the oxidation state + 2 and +3 . Hence it forms two types of
binary compounds. e.g ., FeCl2 , FeCl3 .

36. (b): Fluorine is more reactive than chlorine. So bond energy of chlorine is greater
than fluorine. Silicon exhibits 6 coordination number.

In aqueous state Mn(II) is more stable.

→ Mn2+ + 2e−
Mn ⎯⎯

37. (b): Li, Be, B, C ‐these elements belong to the same period. Generally the value of
1st ionisation potential increases in moving fr om left to right in a period, since the
nuclear charge of the elements also increase in the same direction. But the ionisation
( ) ( )
potential of boron B → 2s 2 p1 is lower than that of beryllium Be → 2s 2 , since in case
 ( ) ( )
of boron, 2 p1 electron have to be removed to get B + [ B 2s 2 p1 → B + 2s 2 + e while in
case of Be, 2s 2 electron have to be removed to get Be+ ( 2s ) . p
1
electron can be removed
more easily than s electron so the energy required to remove electron will be less in
case of boron. The order will be

Li  B  Be  C.

38. (a): The energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from an isolated
gaseous atom is called the ionisation energy.

The ionisation potential decreases as the size of the atom decreases. Atoms with fully or
partly filled orbitals have high ionisation potential.

39. (a): In XeF4 the ‘Xe’ atom is sp3d 2 hybridised, which contains two lone pair orbitals
and four bond pair orbitals. Therefore the shape of XeF4 molecule is square planar, with
one lone pair orbital over and other below the plane.

40. (c) : As among N , P , As and Sb, the former has highest electronegativity (EN) so its
oxide is most acidic.

As the electronegativity value of element increases, the acidic character of the oxide also
increases.

41. (b):White phosphorus has low ignition temperature so it is most reactive among all
the allotropes.

42. (a) : MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + 2H 2O + Cl2 

2 KMnO4 + 16 HCl → 2 KCl + 2MnC12 + 8H 2O + 5Cl2 

43. (a): Ammonium sulphate is a salt of strong acid ( H 2 SO4 ) and weak base ( NH 4OH ) .
Therefore, repeated use of ammonium sulphate would increase the concentration of
sulphuric acid, while ammonia from NHOH is used up by the plant. Hence the acidity
of soil will increase.

44. (c): Due to greater electronegativity of nitrogen, dipole moment for NH 3 is greater.

45. (c) : The formula of hypophosphorous acid is H 3 PO2 as shown in (c). It is

monobasic acid.

172

46. (a):
B.E.
O—O S—S Se—Se Te—Te

(kJmol ) :142 226 172 126

47. (a) : All the hydrides of group V elements have one lone pair of electrons on their
central atom. Therefore, they can act as Lewis bases. The basic character of these
hydrides decreases down the group.

48. (a) : The acidic character of the oxides decreases with the decrease in the oxidation
state and also decreases down the group.

49. (d) : In general, the electron affinity decreases from top to bottom in a group. But in
group 17, fluorine has lower electron affinity as compared to chlorine due to very small
size of fluorine atom.

50. (b) : Since the valency of calcium is 2 and a chlorite ion is ClO2− , therefore calcium
chlorite is Ca(ClO2 )2 .

51. (a) : 2Na2 S2O3 + I 2 → Na2 S4O6 + 2 NaI . (Sodium tetrathionate)

52. (a) : Ozone layer is very beneficial to us, because it stops harmful ultraviolet
radiations to reach the earth.

53. (c) : Atomic number of the given element is 15 and it belongs to 5th group. Therefore
atomic number of the element below the above element = 15 + 18 = 33.

54. (a): NO2 is paramagnetic due to the presence of unpaired electrons.

55. (c): Since chlorine is more electronegative than bromine, therefore it will displace
bromine from an aqueous solution containing bromide ions.

Cl2 + 2 Br − → 2Cl − + Br2

56. (a) : Except nitrogen and bismuth, all elements of fifth group form pentahalides
especially pentafluorides. As mentioned earlier, nitrogen cannot form pentahalides
because it cannot expand its octet due to non‐availability of d ‐orbitals.

57. (b) : Outer electronic configuration of Cl = 3s 2 3 px2 3 p y2 3 p1Z ’

Outer electronic configuration of I − = 3s 2 3 px2 3 p y2 3 pZ2 , i.e., 4lone pair of electrons.

58. (c): N , O and F are highly electronegative non metals and will have the strongest
tendency to form anions by gaining electrons from metal atoms.

59. (c): A stronger oxidising agent ( Cl ) displaces a weaker oxidising agent ( Br ) from its
salt solution.
 2KBr + Cl2 → 2KCl + Br2

60. (a) : Caustic soda is manufactured by the electrolysis of NaCl solution where Cl2 is
evolved at the anode and H 2 at the cathode.

At anode : Cl − → Cl + e− , Cl + Cl → Cl2 

At cathode: Na+ + e− → Na.

61. (a): Nitrogen molecule is diatomic containing a triple bond between two N atoms,
N  N . Therefore, nitrogen molecule is formed by sharing six electrons.

62. (b): C12 H 22O11 + 18O  → 6(COOH ) + 5H 2O Cane sugar From HNO3 Oxalic acid

63. (d): N2 molecule contains triple bond between N atoms having very high
( )
dissociation energy 946kJmo1−1 due to which it is relatively inactive. 64. (c): H 3 PO2 is
named as hypophosphorous acid. As it contains only one POH group, its basicity is one.
O ||
P
Ho|/H \

H
65. (c) : Polarity of the bond depends upon the electronegativity difference ofthe two
atoms forming the bond. Greater the electronegativity difference, more is the polarity of
the bond.

N—CI O—F N—F N—N 3.043.16 3.54.0 3.044.0 3.043.04 66. (c): As halogens have seven
( )
electrons ns 2 np 5 in the valence shell, they have a strong tendency to acquire the
nearest inert gas configuration by gaining an electron from the metallic atom and form
halide ions easily

67. (c) : Fluorine because of its smaller size and highest electronegativity shows
strongest hydrogen bonding.

HH / HH / F  F /F /F

68. (c): Ca(OH )2 + Cl2 → CaOCl2 + H2O

69. (b) : Bromide in the mother liquor (containing MgBr) is oxidised to Br2 by passing
C12 which is a stronger oxidising agent.

2 Br − + Cl2 → Br2 + 2Cl −

70. (a) : Alkaline solution of pyrogallol absorbs oxygen quickly.

p ‐Block Elements (Group 15 to 18)

173

71. (c): Pyrosulphuric acid or oleum ( +6 ) is H 2 S2O7 which is obtained by dissolving SO3
and is called fuming sulphuric acid.

O O

HO − S − O − S − OH

O O

72. (d) : Aqueous solution of ammonia is obtained by passing NH 3 and OH − ions.

NH 3 + H 2O = NH 4+ + OH −

73. (d) : P2O5 + 3H 2O ⎯⎯ → 2H 3 PO4

74. (b) : Orthophosphoric acid, H 3 PO4 contains three POH groups and is therefore,
tribasic.

o1 |

HO | OH

OH

75. (b): PCl3 + 3H2O → H3 PO3 + 3HCl

76. (a): PH 4 I + NaOH → NaI + PH3 + H 2O

77. (d): NH 4Cl + NaNO2 →Heat NH 4 NO2 + NaCl

LN 
2 +2 H
O

78. (d) : Bleaching action of chlorine is due to oxidation in presence of moisture. It is

permanent.

H 2O + Cl2 → 2 HC1 + O 
Colouring matter + O  → colourless matter

79. (b) : In case of nitrogen, d ‐orbitals are not available. Nitrogen belongs to p ‐block
elements.

N :1s2 2s 2 2 p3

80. (a): All the elements of group 15 form trihalides and pentahalides of the type MX 3
and MX 5 except nitrogen which forms only trihalides. Moreover, nitrogen does not
form pentahalides due to the absence of d ‐orbitals in its valence shell.

81. (a) : Red phosphorus is insoluble in CS2 and only white P is soluble in CS2 .

82. (d) : On heating, it gives pyrophosphoric acid at 525 K and metaphosphoric acid at
875 K.

2H3 PO4 → H4 P2O7 − H2O 525K → 2HPO3 − H2O875K

Pyrophosphoric

Metaphosphoric

acid

acid

83. (b) : Due to the absence of H ‐bonding, PH3 has the lowest b.p. The boiling point of
the V group hydrides is:

BiH3  SbH3  NH3  AsH3  PH3

84. (b): Chlorine does not react directly with oxygen.

85. (b): Alkaline pyrogallol absorbs O2 and oil of cinnamon absorbs O3 .

86. (c): Air is liquefied by making use of the Joule ‐Thompson eff ect (cooling by
expansion of the gas). Water vapour and CO2 are removed by solidification. The
remaining constituents of liquid air i.e. , liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen are separated
by means of fr actional distillation (b.p. of O2 = −183C : b.p. of N 2 = −195.8o C ) .

87. (a): CaOCl2 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2O + Cl2 .

The liberated C12 gives the disinfectant nature to bleaching powder.

Cl2 + H2O → HC1 + HOCl (Kill germs)

88. (c) : When 2‐molecules of nitric acid undergoes heating, loose a water molecule to
form an anhydride.

No22 NO ⎯⎯ → N 2O5 + H 2O

Thus, N2O5 is nitric acid anhydride.

89. (d): C12 gas reacts with dry slaked lime, Ca ( OH ) to give bleaching powder.

Ca(OH )2 + Cl2 ⎯⎯ → CaOCl2 + H 2O