DPS BHARUCH

Physics investigatory
project
NAME: ZishanAli Z. Saiyed
CLASS:XII
ROLL NO: 2
SESSION: 2023-24

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my immense gratitude to

my physics teacher Mr.Darshan for the help
and guidance he/she provided for completing this
project.
I also thank my parents who gave their ideas and
inputs in making this project. Most of all I thank
our school management, for providing us the
facilities and opportunity to do this project.

Lastly, I would like to thanks my classmates

who have done this project along with me.
Their support made this project fruitful. -
ZishanAli

TOPIC

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
 INDEX

CONTENT PAGE NO.

Certificate 2
Acknowledgement 3
 6
Aim
Introduction 7

Principle 8
9-12
Theory
13
Observation
Conclusion
14
Application of emf 15
Precaution 16
Bibliography 17

AIM

To study the phenomenon of Electromagnetic

Induction
 INTRODUCTION

Electro Magnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic field is produced
by electric current. The magnetic field disappears when the current is turned off.

INDUCTION:
This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the conductor in a
changing magnetic field is called induction.
Electromagnetic induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the production of a potential difference (voltage)
across a conductor when it is exposed to a varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction IS when an electromagnetic field causes molecules
in another object to flow. Induction can produce electncity (in coils), heat (in
ferrous metals), or waves (in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to the phenomenon where an emf is induced when the
magnetic flux linking a conductor change.
Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and the
area normal to the field through which the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity
and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).

Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux density and the
area normal to the field through which the field is passing. It is a scalar quantity
and its S.I. unit is the weber (Wb).

φ = ΒΑ
 PRINCIPLE:
Electromagnetic induction (or sometimes just induction) is a
process where a conductor placed in a changing magnetic field (or
a conductor moving through a stationary magnetic field) causes
the production of a voltage across the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn, causes an electrical current - it
THEORY

INVENSION:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the discovery of induction in 1831
though it may have been anticipated by the work of Francesco Zantedeschi in
1829. Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph Henry made a similar discovery, but did not
publish his findings until later

Induced e.m.f:
If magnetic flux through a coil is altered then an e.m.f will be generated in the
coil. This effect was first observed and explained by Ampere and Faraday
between 1825 and 1831. Faraday discovered that an e.m.f. could be generated
either by,
(a) moving the coil or the source of flux relative to each other or
(b) By changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux.
Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the flux is changing.

Working and Construction:

Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved through a magnetic field
because the magnetic lines of force are applying a force on the free electrons in
the conductor and causing them to move. This process of generating current in a
conductor by placing the conductor in a changing magnetic field is called
induction. This is called induction because there is no physical connection
between the conductor and the magnet. The current is said to be induced in the
conductor by the magnetic field. One requirement for this electromagnetic
induction to take place is that the conductor, which is often a piece of wire,
must be perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in order to produce the
maximum force on the free electrons. The direction that the induced current
flows is determined by the direction of the lines of force and by the direction the
wire is moving in the field. In the animation above the ammeter (the instrument
used to measure current) indicates when there is current in the conductor.

Lenz's Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux according to Faraday's
Law, the polarity of the induced emf is such that it produces a current whose
magnetic field opposes the change which produces it. The induced magnetic
field inside any loop of wire always acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop
constant. In the examples below, if the B field is increasing, the induced field
acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing, the induced field acts in the
direction of the applied field to try to keep it constant.
APPLICATION OF EMI

ELECTRICAL GENERATOR
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due to relative movement of a
circuit and a magnetic field IS the phenomenon underlying electrical generators.
When a permanent magnet is moved relative to a conductor, or vice versa, an
electromotive force is created. If the wire is connected through an electrical
load, current will flow and thus electrical energy is generated, converting the
mechanical energy of motion to electrical energy
The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for electrical
transformers. When the electric current in a loop of wire changes, the changing
current creates a changing magnetic field. A second wire in reach of this
magnetic field will experience this change in magnetic field as a change in its
coupled magnetic flux, d(ÞB/dt. Therefore, an electromotive force is set up in
the second loop called the induced EMF or transformer EMF. If the two ends of
this loop are connected through an electrical load, current will flow.

Electrical transformer
Electrical transformer: The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also
responsible for electrical transformers. When the electric current in a loop of
wire changes, the changing current creates a changing magnetic field. A
second wire in reach of this magnetic field will experience this change in
magnetic field as a change in its coupled magnetic flux, dB/dt. Therefore, an
electromotive force is set up in the second loop called the induced EMF or
transformer EMF. If the two ends of this loop are connected through an
electrical load, current will flow.
 OBSERVATION

Magnet is moved at certain rate and certain voltage is

produced.

Magnet is moved at faster rate and creating a greater

induced voltage.
Magnet is moved at same speed through coil that has
greater number of turn and greater voltage is induced.
 CONCLUSION
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first observed and
published by Michael Faraday in the mid-nineteenth century,
describes a very important electro-magnetic concept. Although its
mathematical representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday's
is not hard to grasp: it relates an induced electric
potential or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept has
many far-reaching ramifications that touch our lives in many
ways: from the shining of the sun, to the convenience of mobile
communications, to electricity to power our homes. We can all
appreciate the profound impact Faraday's Law has on us.

MICHAEL FARADAY
 APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC
INDUCTION IN REAL LIFE

The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied in many

devices and systems, including:

• Electrical generators
• Induction motors
• Induction sealing
• Inductive charging
• Transformers
• Wireless energy transfer
• Wireless charger

PRECAUTIONS

• Do all the connection carefully

• Do not scratch insulated copper wire while making loop

• Do not use digital voltmeter for above demonstration

• Do not use very thick or thin copper wire

 • Use only insulated copper wire

• Before doing any experiment please consult to your

subject teacher or lab assistance

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Wikipedia.com

IMPORTANT NOTICE

If You Want A Copy of This Project Without Any Watermark Which Is

Chargeable You Can Contact Me on