BAL BHAVAN PUBLIC

SCHOOL

PHYSICS
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT

Name- Jayant Nagar

Class- XII-B
Roll No-14602974

Page 1 of 15
 Topic

Electromagnetic
Induction

INDEX
Content Page No.
Certificate 4

Page 2 of 15
Acknowledgement 5
Aim 6
Introduction 7
Principle 8
Theory 9
Working and 10-12
Conduction
Observation 13
Conclusion 14
Application Of EMF 15
Precaution 16
Bibliography 17

CERTIFICATE

Page 3 of 15
 This is to certify that Jayant Nagar of
class – XII has successfully completed
the project on the topic Electromagnetic
induction under the guidance of Mrs.
Nitika Ma’am during the year 2022-23 in
the partial fulfilment of the physics
practical examination conducted by the
CBSE.

External Examiner Teacher Incharge

Acknowledgement

I would like to express my immense

gratitude to my physics teacher Mrs. Nitika
Ma’am for the help and guidance he
provided for completing this project.

I also thank my parents who gave-their

ideas and inputs in making this project. Most
Page 4 of 15
 of all I thank our school management, for
providing us the facilities and opportunity:
to-do this project.

Lastly, I would like. to thanks my classmates

who have done this. project along with me.
Their support made this project fruitful.

Jayant Nagar

AIM
To study the phenomenon of
Electromagnetic Induction.

Page 5 of 15
 Introduction
Electromagnet:
An electromagnet is a type of magnet in which the magnetic
field is produced by electric current. The magnetic field
disappears when the current is turned off.

INDUCTION:

This process of generating current in a conductor by placing the

conductor in a changing magnetic field is called induction .
Electromagnetic induction:

Electromagnetic induction is the prediction of a potential

difference (voltage) across a conductor when it is exposed to a
varying magnetic field.
Electromagnetic induction is when an electromagnetic field
causes molecules in another object to flow. Induction can
produce electricity (in coils), heat (in ferrous metals), or Waves
(in a radio transmitter).
Finally, it is referring to. the phenomenon where an emf is
induced when the magnetic flux linking a conductor change.

Page 6 of 15
 Magnetic Flux is defined as the product of the magnetic flux
density and the area normal to the field through which the field
is passing. It is a scalar quantity and its S.I. unit is the weber
(Wb).

Ø=BA

Principle:
Electromagnetic induction (or
sometimes just induction) is a
process where a conductor placed
in a changing magnetic field (or a
conductor moving through a
stationary magnetic field) causes
the production of a voltage across
the conductor. This process of
electromagnetic induction, in turn,
causes an electrical current - it is
said to induce the current.

Page 7 of 15
 Theory
INVENSION:
Michael Faraday is generally credited with the
discovery of induction in 1831 though it may have been
anticipated by the work of Francesco Zantedeschia in
1829. Around 1830 to 1832, Joseph Henry made a
similar discovery, but did not publish his findings until
later.
Induced E.M.F:

If magnetic flux through a coil is altered, then an E.M.F.

will be generated in the coil. This effect was first
observed and explained by Ampere and Faraday
between 1825 and 1831. Faraday discovered that an
e.m.f. could be generated either by, (a) moving the coil
or the source O flux ‘relative to each other or (b) By
changing the magnitude of the source of magnetic flux.
Note that the e.m.f. is only produced while the flux is
changing.

For example, consider two coils

Page 8 of 15
 Working and Conduction
Current is produced in a conductor when it is moved
through a magnetic field because the magnetic lines of
force are applying a force on the free electrons in the
conductor and causing them to move. This process of
generating current in a conductor by placing the
conductor in a changing magnetic field is called
induction. This is called induction because there is no
physical connection between the conductor and the
magnet. The current is said to be induced in the
conductor by the magnetic field. One requirement for
this electromagnetic induction to take place is that the
conductor, which is often a piece of wire, must be
perpendicular to the magnetic lines of force in order to
produce the maximum force on the free electrons. The
direction that the induced current flows is determined
by the direction of the lines of force and by the
direction the wire is moving in the field. In the
animation above the ammeter (the instrument used to
measure current) indicates when there is current in the
conductor.

Page 9 of 15
 Lenz’s Law:
When an emf is generated by a change in magnetic flux
according to Faraday's Law, the polarity of the induced
emf is such that it produces a current whose magnetic
field opposes the change which produces it. The
induced magnetic field inside any loop of wire always
acts to keep the magnetic flux in the loop constant. In
the examples below, if the B field is increasing, the
induced field acts in opposition to it. If it is decreasing,
the induced field acts in the direction of the applied
field to try to keep it constant.

Applications of electromagnetic Induction

Electrical Generator:
The EMF generated by Faraday's law of induction due
to relative movement of a circuit and a magnetic field is
the phenomenon underlying electrical generators.
When a permanent magnet is moved relative to a
conductor, or vice versa, an electromotive force is
created. If the wire is connected through an electrical
load, current will flow, and thus electrical energy is
generated, converting the mechanical energy of motion
to electrical energy.

Page 10 of 15
 Electrical Transformer:
The EMF predicted by Faraday's law is also responsible for
electrical transformers. When the electric current in a loop of
wire changes, the changing current creates a changing
magnetic field. A second wire in reach of this magnetic field will
experience this change in magnetic field as a change in its
coupled magnetic flux, d0B/dt. Therefore, an electromotive
force is set up in the second loop called the induced EMF or
transformer EMF. If the two ends of this loop are connected
through an electrical load, current will flow.

Observation
■ Magnet is moved at certain rate and
certain voltage is produced.

Page 11 of 15
■ Magnet is moved at faster rate and
creating a greater
induced voltage.

■ Magnet is moved at same speed through

coil that has greater number of turn and
greater voltage is induced.

Conclusion
Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction, first
observed and published by Michael Faraday in the mid-
nineteenth century, describes a very important electro-
magnetic concept. Although its mathematical
representations are cryptic, the essence of Faraday's is
not hard to grasp it relates an induced electric potential
or voltage to a dynamic magnetic field. This concept
has many far-reaching ramifications that touch our

Page 12 of 15
lives in many ways: from the shining of the sun to the
convenience of mobile communications, to electricity to
power our homes. We can all appreciate the profound
impact Faraday's Law has on us.

APPLICATION OF
ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION IN
REAL LIFE
The principles of electromagnetic induction are applied
in many devices and systems, including:
❖ Electrical generators
❖ Induction motors
❖ Induction sealing
❖ Inductive charging

Page 13 of 15
❖ Transformers
❖ Wireless energy transfer
❖ Wireless charger

Precaution
• Do all the connection carefully
• Do not scratch insulated copper wire while making
loop
• Do not use digital voltmeter for above demonstration
• Do not use very thick or thin copper wire
• Use only insulated copper wire
• Keep yourself safe from high voltage
• Before doing any experiment please consult to your
subject teacher or lab assistance

Page 14 of 15
 tje

Bibliography
■ Wikipedia.com
■ Google search engine
■ Physics NCERT book for class XII

Page 15 of 15