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Genphysics L6 Fluid Mechanics

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8 views37 pages

Genphysics L6 Fluid Mechanics

Uploaded by

kayef465
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL PHYSICS I

Group 6
Guess the phrase
FLUID MECHANICS

by: Efrain Mcsoid M.


Vasquez
Lesson Objectives:
Define fluid mechanics
Solve problems involving fluid
mechanics
Show application of knowledge
through experimentation
FLUID
any substance which can flow
molecules are in relative motion

MECHANICS
branch of science in which we
study about force and its effect
FLUID MECHANICS
is the branch of science in which
we study about the behaviour of
fluids under the action force
Branches of Fluid Mechanics

Fluid Statics Fluid Kinematics Fluid Dynamics


study of fluids at study of fluids in study of fluids in
rest motion neglecting motion considering
pressure forces pressure forces
Properties of Fluid
1. Density
2. Specific weight
3. gravity
4. Specific volume
5. viscosity
6. surface tension
7. Capillarity
Greater density?

Steel wrench Steel nail


Density
is defined as mass per unit volume
a homogenous material such as iron or ice has
the same density throughout

Formula:

p= density
m= mass
v= volume
Density

3
Sample Problem no. 1
A container has a volume of 50 m³ with
blood inside. If the blood has the density of
1.06 x 10³ kg/m³. What is the mass of the
blood?
Formula:

p= density
m= mass
v= volume
Sample Problem no. 2
A bucket has a mass of 1234kg with water
inside. If the water has the density 1.00 x 10³
kg/m³, What is the volume of the bucket?

Formula:

p= density
m= mass
v= volume
FLUID MECHANICS

by: Nicole Kaye F. LIndo


Pressure
is the amount of force exerted on a given area
Learning Check
Its SI unit is Pascal (Pa) (N/m )
2

1 Pa = 1 N/m 2

If the applied force is acting on a small area, then


the pressure will be large and vice versa

Formula:
P= pressure (Pa)
F= Force (N)
A= cross sectional
area (sq.m)
Pressure
Pressure

50 N
50 N
Pressure
Atmospheric Pressure
For an open tank, we should include the pressure
outside the tank pressing on the top of the
surface of the liquid
This is what we call Atmospheric Pressue (P atm)
P atm= 101.3 KPa = 760 torr = 760 mmHg

=
P P + gh
T atm
Sample Problem no. 1

Compare the total pressure at the bottom


of a swimming pool of depth 3m if its filled
with fresh water and sea water.

Formula: =
P P
T
+ ghatm
Sample Problem no. 1
a. Pressure of freshwater
Formula:
P= P +
T
gh
atm

answer : 130.73 KPa


Try this!
Problem no. 2

b. Pressure of Saltwater
Formula:
P= P +
T
gh
atm

answer : ?
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE
PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE
states that :

“a change in the pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted


undiminished to every point in the fluid and to the walls of
the container”
In the absence of gravity, the pressure is the same
everywhere in the vessel.
Remember that the pressure is a scalar and the force is
always perpendicular to the cross-sectional area.
HYDRAULIC PRESS
Hydraulic Press

F A
=
2 2

F 1 A 1

Consider a hydraulic jack filled with fluid


everywhere.
Pascal’s Principle states that the pressure on the
left side must be equal on the pressure at the
right side.
Sample Problem no. 3
A car that weighs 10KN is placed on the 1m
radius piston of a hydraulic press. How
much force should be exerted in the 5cm
radius piston to lift the car?
Try this!

Problem 4
In a car lift used in a service station,
compressed air exerts a force on a small
piston that has a radius of 5cm. This
pressure is transmitted by a liquid to a
piston that has a radius of 15cm. What
force must the compressed air exert to lift
a car weighing 13,300N. What air pressure
produces this force?
FLUID MECHANICS

by: Jared Rosario


Buoyant Forces and Archimedes Principle
Buoyant Forces and
Archimedes Principle
Buoyant Force is the upward force exerted by
a fluid on any immersed object.
Archimedes Principle states that the
magnitude of the buoyant force on an object,
always equal to the weight of fluid displaced
by the object.
Buoyant Forces and
Archimedes Principle
The only determining factor is the DENSITY.

a. sinking stone b. floating wood


Bernoulli’s Equation

When fluids are moving, they are way more


complicated than when they are static,
suppose we have a fluid at a pipe.

Bernoulli's equation relates the pressure,


speed, and height of any two points (1 and 2) in
a steady streamline flowing fluid of density ‍.
Continuity Equation
Since the flow of mass must be conserved
also during the flow, m1=m2 which is equal to:

A 1V1 = A2V2
where ;
A1 and A2 = cross sectional area 1 and 2
V1 and V2 = velocity 1 and velocity 2
Thank You!
Thank You!
Hope you learned something new
Try this!
Problem no. 2

b. Pressure of Saltwater
Formula:
P= P +
T
gh
atm

answer : 131.61 kPa


Sample Problem no. 3
A car that weighs 10KN is placed on the 1m
radius piston of a hydraulic press. How
much force should be exerted in the 5cm
radius piston to lift the car?

Answer: 25N

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