Interlock and Protection for nTurbine

2.1 Turbine
2.1.1 Turbine Trip Protections
Sr.No. Description Set Value
01. (TP1 UCB/UCP EPB operated from HMI)

02. Fire Protection 1 & 2 from control desk & OWS 1,2,3 –

and MBLD 1 & 2 (From MOT room and TG 17m)

03. Condenser Vacuum low trip 2/3. (Arming >- 0.3Kg/cm2) < 0.3 kg/Cm2

04. Lube oil pressure very low 2/3. < 1.2kg/cm2

05. HP exhaust steam temp. Very high 2/3. >500°C

06. Axial Shift Very High > ± 1.0 mm

07. HP Casing top bottom diff tem V.High >100°C

08. IP Casing Front & Rear Top bottom diff Temp. > 45°C

09. Cold gas temp. after H2 cooler high A&B. >60°C

10 Cold gas temp. after H2 cooler high C&D. >60°C

11. Liquid level in main leads high 2/3. Switch

12. Hot air temp. exciter high 2/3. > 80°C

13. Primary water temp. after cooler high 2/3. > 60°C

14. Stator water winding outlet flow low 2/3. < 64 M3/Hr.

15. Main bushing R flow low 2/2. < 1.8 M3/Hr.

16. Main bushing S flow low 2/2. < 1.8 M3/Hr.

17. Main bushing T flow low 2/2. < 1.8 M3/Hr.

18 Turbine Brg. Temperature high >130°C

19 Exciter Brg. Temperature high >130°C

19. Boiler Trip to Turbine Trip. –

20. Generator Trip to Turbine Trip. –

21. TP1 ATRS shout down command

22 over speed >3300 RPM

2.2 MDBFP

2.2.1 Protections

Sr No. Description Set Value

01. Dearator level switch & Transmitter level < -1500 mm & Switch

02. Suction flow( < 200T/H )

& MD BFP ON

& Diff. Temp of feed water suction/Dis. > 15°C (T.D. 1 min)

03. Feed pump journal Brg. Temp. V.High >95°C.

04. Feed pump Thrust Brg. Temp. V.High >105°C.

05. Booster pump Journal Brg. Temp. V High. >95°C.

06. Booster pump Thrust Brg. Temp. V High. >105°C.

07. Suction flow low & pump ON <200T(15 sec. T.D)

08. H/C Brg. Temp. V.High >90°C

09. Working oil pressure very low. <2.2 Kg/cm2(T.D.5 Sec)

10. Working oil temp. u/s of cooler very high. >130°C

11. L.O Temp. D/S of cooler very high. >75°C

12. Motor wdg. Temp. V.High >130°C

13. MD BFP ON & Sunction Pre. low <10° Kg/cm2.

14. Lub oil Header pr. Very Low < 0.8 Kg/cm2.

15 Suction valve not open Bypass

2.2.2 Permissive

Sr. No. Description Set Value

01. R/C valve. Open.

02. Suction Valve Open.

03. Discharge Valve Close or MDBFP stand by

04. Dearator level adequate. > -500 mm.

05. Feed pump journal Brg. Temp. < 90°C

06. Feed pump Thrust Brg. Temp. < 100°C

07. Booster pump Brg Temp. < 90°C

08. Feed pump casing top bottom diff. temp. < 22°C

09. MD BFP AOP ON & Lube Oil Pressure Adequate. > 1.2 Kg/cm2

10 MD BFP OFF

11 EPB Not Operated

12 MD BFP cooling water HDR pres. >3 Kg/cm2

13 SOV92/93 ON & scoop position min. OR HC min. CLS

14. Motor wdg. Temp. Normal. < 125°C

15. Motor Brg. Temp. < 85°C.

16. LO temp. D/S of cooler. < 55°C.

17. H/C Brg. Temp. normal < 90°C.

18. Working oil temp. u/s of cooler normal. < 110°C.

19. Scoop tube position. Minimum (0%).

20. Motor Cooling water valve Close.

21. DT of feed water suction / disc normal. < 10°C

22 Swg. Available /not disturb

23 ECW to MDBFP CLR close

2.2.3 Interlocks

Sr. No. Description Set Value

01. Discharge valve opens with BFP getting ON.

02. R/C valve opens with BFP flow falls to 250 T/hr.
or variable set point open & scoop position
feedback not disturbed.

04. R/C valve open with BFP stop.

05. R/C valve opens when BFP sunction discharge

Rises to 10 °C or F.W. suction flow transmitter disturbed.

08. AOP cut off at lube oil pressure & MD BFP ON > 3.0 Kg/cm2 (T.D. 2 Sec)

09. AOP cut in at Lube Oil Pressure & MD BFP ON < 1.2 Kg/Cm2 (T.D. 2 Sec)

10. AOP auto starts with tripping of BFP or

with reverse rotation switch operation.

11. AOP trips after running for 30 min duration in

Case of MD BFP tripping/ stopping & Brg temp Normal

12. Motor Cooling water opens with MDBFP starting

and closes with MD BFP tripping.
2.3 CEP.

2.3.1 Trip Protections

Sr. No. Description Set Value.

01. Hot well level V low (2/3). <-1035 mm

02. Discharge pr. Low & CEP ON < 20 Kg/cm2
(T.D 30 Sec.)
03. Bearing Temp High :-
a) Pump thrust Brg. 105°C
b) Motor DE Brg. 90°C
c) Motor NDE Brg. 90°C
04. CEP bearing vibration V/H 18 mm/Sec. (T.D15Sec.)
05 Motor trip relay operated
06 CEP ON & Dis. Flow <175T/H & (T.D 1 Min.)
07 CEP Wng. Temp V. High >130°C (T.D 10Sec)
08. Suction Valve Not Open.

2.3.2 Permissive.

Sr No. Description Set Value.

01. EPB not pressed
02. Hot well level not low. >100 mm.
03. Recirculation Valve Open. (>39.5%)
04. Discharge valve close or (CEP standby
Selected & Disc V/open)
05. Discharge Vent Valve Open
06. Bearing temp normal. < 95°C
07. Motor Wdg temp. <110°C
08. Suction valve open
09. Switch Gear Available
10. Switch gear not disturb
11. Vent valve open

2.3.3 Interlocks

a) CEP discharge valve will auto open with starting of CEP and discharge Int. Bypass valve in
open condition (T.D. 10 Sec).
b)CEP discharge valve will auto close with tripping of CEP.
c) CEP Recirculation valve will go to maximum if CEP is off.\
d) CEP discharge vent valve will open with tripping of CEP & will close with CEP ON.
e) CEP discharge valve will remain in open condition in standby mode if Discharge v/v IBV is
open and CEP discharge header pr. Not low.
2.4 Vacuum Pump

2.4.1 Start Permissive

Sr No. Description Set Value.
03 Level in separator tank > 360 mm.

2.4.2 Interlocks
01. Inlet valve closes with vacuum pump tripping.
02. Separator tank make up valve auto open at tank level
03. Air supply valve to ejector open if delta T between steam / Air mixture
temp. and seal water temp. is <7°C.
04. When condenser vacuum is < -0.88ksc,the standby pp will start if SLC vac.
Pp is ON.
05. When condenser vacuum is >-0.88 Ksc and gen. load >5% 2nd vacuum pp
(whichever is selected will trip if SC vac. pp is ON.
06. Pump inlet valve can be opened if diff. pressure across the valve is
<0.069Ksc & Vac. Pump is ON.

2.5 TDBFP

2.5.1 Trip Protection

Turbine
Sr. No. Description Set Value
01. Lub oil hdr pr. Very low (2/3) 1.0 KSC
02. Exhaust steam temp high (2/3) 120°C
03. Live Steam Pressure high (2/3) 12.5 KSC
04. Exhaust steam pr. High (2/3) -0.6 KSC
05. Control oil pressure low (2/3). 4.5 KSC
06. Axial shift very high ± 0.7mm
07. Gear Box vibration high 70 micron
08. Turbine shaft vibration high 140 micron
09. Gear Box Brg. Temp high 120°C
10. Turbine Brg. Temp high 120°C
11. Turbine over speed 6300 RPM

BFP

Sr. No. Description Set Value

01. Deareator level very low -1300 mm
02. D.T of feed water suction > 15°C (T.D. 5 sec.)
/ Disc V. high.
03. Bearing Temp V. high 110°C
04. Suction flow low & turbine 200 T/hr. (T.D. 10 sec)
Working.

2.5.2 Permissive

Sr. No. Description Set Value

01. TDBFP no trip condition.
02. BFP suction valve. Open.
03. Lub oil pr. >2 KSC
04. Dearator Level >300 mm
05. BFP Recirculation valve Open.
06. D.T across Top/Bottom <20°C
07. BFP Discharge valve Closed.

Note :- TDBFP can be reset after getting all permissive for BFP and “no turbine
trip condition”. But once turbine gets reset and then any of BFP permissive
becomes unavailable, Turbine will not trip & can get rolled.

2.5.3 Interlocks
01. Drains valves DR-01,DR-02 will open if TDBFP tripped or turbine 50 %
casing temp id <120°C.
02. Drain valves DR-01,DR-02, will close if turbine 50 % casing temp. is >140°C
and suction flow is 30%.
03. Drain valve DR-03,DR-04,DR-06, will open with TDBFP tripping and close if
suction flow >30%.
04. Drain Valve GS-08 will open if turbine tripped or steam temp. U/S of gland
steam C.V is <220°C.
05. Drain Valve GS-08 will close if steam temp U/S of gland steam C.V >225°C.
06. Drain Valve DR-07 will close if drain pot level is high or TDBFP tripped.
07. Drain Valve DR-07 will close if drain pot level is not high or suction flow
>30%.
08. BFP discharge valve will close with the tripping of TDBFP and it can be
opened if it IBV id open.
09. Exhaust hood spray sol. Valve will open if exhaust hood temp. is >85°C and
turbine is working.
10. Start permissive for LOP-A/B- oil tank level adequate.
11. LOP-A will start in Auto if “ LOP-B tripped” or “LOP-B start command given
but not ON” or “LOP-B ON & Lube oil pressure Low(LOP discharge hdr. Pr.
<7KSC & lub oil hdr. Pr. <1.5 KSC) conditions exist.
12. LOP-B auto ON condition similar.
13. LOP-A/B auto on condition will not present if OFF command is given to
LOP’s from desk or MMI.
14. EOP will auto start if Lube Oil Header Pressure is very low <0.9KSC.
15.JOP will auto start if turbine speed falls <510 RPM & (ESV Closed or turbine
speed reduces below 540 RPM within 2 Minutes.)
16. JOP will auto stop if Turbine speed rises >540RPM.
17.Barring gear valve LO-50 will auto open if turbine speed falls <510 RPM
within 2 Minutes)
18. Barring Gear Valve LO-50 will auto close if turbine speed rises >540RPM.
19. ‘Turbine Working’ Conditions are
(i) Remote engagement oil Pr > 3.5 KSC,
(ii) ESV open.
(iii) Main C.V or Aux. C.V. Position > 10% (Presently deleted).

2.6 Control Fluid System

2.6.1 Protection/ Interlocks

01. CF pumps, CF recirculation pumps and CF heater will trip if Fire Protection
acts.
02. When SLC is made ON, after 10 secs, preselected CF Pp (1 or 2) will start.
03. If CF pump-1 is running & pressure behind Pp-1 is less than 34 KSC,CF
pump-2 will CF pump-2 start on auto. Vice Cersa logic for C.F. Pp-1.
04.CF-Pp-1 is off and Pp-1 discrepancy is there,CF pump-2 will start. Same Logic
for CF Pp-2.
05.CF Recirculation pumps-1 & 2 will trip if dry protection tank level is low or if
fire protection acts.
06.CF Recirculation Pp-2 will auto start if C.F Recirculation Pp-1 is off and HP CF
pr. Is >30KSC.
07. C.F heater will get ON release if C/F recirculation Pp-1 or 2 is running and
CF temp. control valve is close.
08. CF heater will auto ON if temp. in heater is <50°C or tank temp. <55°C.
09.CF heater will auto OFF if temp in heater is >65°C or tank temp. > 57°C.
10. CF heater trip protection will initiate if temp. in heater is >75°.
11. C.F. Temp controller (3-way) set point id 55°C (C.F. tank temperature).

2.7 Seal Oil System.

2.7.1 Protections/Interlocks.

01. After switching ON the SLC, both AC SOP-1 &2 start automatically. If
discharge pressure of both pumps are >7.5 KSC,SOP-2 continues to run but
SOP-1 is switched off.
02. DC SOP-3 Auto Start with SLC ON and both AC SOP-1 & 2 OFF or discharge
pressure of both pumps are <7.5 KSC or DP between seal oil and H2 Pr. Is less
than 1.0 KSC.
03. DC SOP-3 will auto start after 60 sec if either AC SOP-1 &2 is running and
their discharge pressure is > 7.5 KSC and DP between Seal Oil and H2 pr. Is 1.0
KSC.
04. H2 side seal oil PP can only be manually switched ON if SOT level is
adequate and their of air side seal oil Pp-1/2 is ON and air side seal oil Pr. Is >
4.5 KSC.
05. H2 side seal oil Pp trips with 3 Secs time delay if SOT level is less than
minimum value or air side seal oil pressure is <4.5 KSC.
06. Air side seal oil Pp-1 will start on auto (SLC should be ON)
When air side seal oil Pp-2 trips or its discharge pr. Is less than 7.5 KSC same
logic is with air side seal oil Pp-2.

2.8 Main Turbine Oil System.

2.8.1 Interlocks/Protections.
01. AOP-1 will auto start with SLC ON & AOP-2 OFF & AOP-2 Status
discrepancy.
02. AOP-1 will auto start with SLC ON & discharge header pressure is <4.8 KSC.
03. AOP-1 will auto start with SGC’ON” (all steps completed) and turbine speed
<2850 RPM.
04. AOP-2 will auto start with SLC ON &AOP-1 OFF & AOP-1 status discrepancy.
05. AOP2 will auto start with SLC ON & Discharge header pressure is <4.5 KSC.
06. DC EOP auto start with SLC”ON” and lube oil pr. <1.1 KSC.
07. DCEOP will auto start with memory relay “ON” & lube oil Pr. <1.1 KSC.
08. JOP-1 will start with SLC ON & turbine speed < 510RPM & JOP-2 is OFF.
09. JOP-2 will auto start with SLC On & JOP header pressure <120 KSC for 5 sec
& turbine speed <510 RPM.
10. JOP-2 will auto start with SLC ON & JOP-1 off & JOP-1 status discrepancy.
11. DC JOP-3 will auto start with SLC on & Turbine speed <510 RPM & JOP Hdr
Pr.
<100 KSC for 7 Sec.
12. DC JOP-3 will auto start with SLC ON & JOP-1 & 2 voltage failure & turbine
speed <2800 RPM.
13. DC JOP-3 will auto start with SLC ON & JOP 2 OFF & JOP-2 status
discrepancy.
14. JOP-1 will auto OFF with SLC ON and turbine speed > 540 RPM.
15. Any 2 Nos of JOP can’t run simultaneously either with SLC ON or OFF. For
pump change over, running Pp is stopped irest, Then standby pump comes in
service.
16. Turning gear valve opening permissive (i) Seal Oil DP (TE & EE) is adequate
& Seal oil pr. Is adequate or (ii) Turbine speed > 15 RPM.
17. Turning gear valve auto open with SLC ON & Turbine speed <210 RPM.
18. Turning gear valve auto close with SLC ON & turbine speed >240 RPM.
19. Turning gear valve auto close with lub oil pr <1.2 KSCC.
20 If “Fire Protection-1 or 2” acts from UCB or T.G. “17m” or MOT room ,
following operation in oil system take malce:_
(i) AOP-1,AOP-2 & SL AOP-1, SLC AOP-2 get auto OFF.
(ii) JOP-1, JOP-2 & SLC JOP’s auto OFF.
(iii) DC JOP auto start and SLC of DC JOP get auto OFF.
(iv) DC EOP & SLC DC EOP get auto ON.
(v) SLC Turning gear gets OFF.
(vi) SGC oil supply system gets OFF.
21 AOP-1 & 2 will auto stop with SGC ON & turbine speed >2850 rpm &
discharge hdr. Oil pr. > 7 KSC.

2.9 Primary Water System

Protections/Interlocks

01. After switching ON the SLC, both P.W. pps-1 & 2 start automatically if PW
tank level is adequate. If discharge pressure of both pumps are >6.5 KSC , P.W.
Pp-2 continues to run and PW pp-1 is switched off.
02. If discharge pr. Of running PW pp (1 or 2 ) drops to <6.5 KSC, standby PW
PP (2 or 1) takes start and first pump trips id discharge pr. Of second pump is
>6.5 KSC provided SLC is ON.
03. With SLC ON ,both PW pp (1 or 2 ) can not be run simultaneously until the
discharge pressure of both P.W pumps are <6.5 KSC./
04. Alkali (NaoH) dosing pp will stop in auto mode if
(i) Flow through water treatment circuit is <0.29 kg/s
Or
(ii) Conductivity after Main Filter is > 2.0µs/cm.
Or
(iii)Conductivity after Ion Exchanger is > 3.0µs/cm
05. Set point of PW inlet temp. for PW temp. control valve is 40°C.
06. With SLC ON running P.W. pump can not be switched OFF from desk or
MMI.
07. Permissive of ‘PW tank level adequate” for starting the pump in manual
mode is not envisaged in the system.
08. With SLC OFF both pumps can be run simultaneously. (Note PW Pumps
should run simultaneously for very short period in case of emergency only.

2.15 HP Bypass
2.15.1 Interlock/ Protections
01. HP Bypass pr. C.V’s BP- 1 & BP-2 will priority close if
(a) Condenser Vacuum is low (<-0.7 KSC) or
(b) Down Stream Temp of C.V is very high (>380°C)
02. HP Bypass Pr. C.V BP-1 & BP-2 auto block if
(a) BP-1 or BP-2 priority close condition is present or
(b) OSU-1 & OSU-2 oil pressure is very low or
(c) Pressure deviation > 10 % for 1.5 second.
(d) BP-1 or BP-2 position transmitter fail.
03. BD valve will auto open if BP-1 and BP-2 position is >2%.
04. BD valve will auto close if BP-1 and BP-2 position is >2%.
05. BP-1 & BP-2 will fast open if
(a) Turbine trips Or
(b) Generator Breaker opens Or
(c ) Turbine load shedding relay operates Or
(d) Fast open push button operates Or
(e ) Pressure deviation high (>5%)
06. Pressure set point of auto operation of BP-1 & BP-2 is throttle steam
pressure set point +5 KSC.
07. HP Bypass warm up valves HPB-101 & HPB-102 will get close if LP Bypass
valves are 2% open.
08. Spray C.V BPE-1/BPE-2 will close if pressure C.V BP-1/BP-2 opening is < 2%.
09. BPE-1/BPE-2 opens in case of fast opening.
10. BPE-1/BPE-2 switch over to auto if BP valve >2% open.
11. BPE-1/BPE-2 get stay put if oil pr. Is very low.
12. BP-1/BP-2 will close fully if its position is <2% open.

2.16 LP Bypass System

2.16.1 Protection/ Interlocks

01. Limit controller will close LPBP valves mechanically if
(i) Condenser Vacuum is 0.6 bar.
(ii) Water injection pr is < 10 KSC.
(iii) Steam pr. Downstream of LPBPC>V is 19 KSC.
02. Low Vacuum trip device will close LPBP valves at cond. Vac <0.6 Bar by
depressurizing signal fluid line mechanically.
03. Water Injection pressure switch will close LPBP valves at W.I pr. < 10 KSC by
depressurizing signal fluid line mechanically.
04. Solenoid valve will close LPBP valves at Cond. Wall temp. > 90°C by
depressurizing signal fluid line.
05. Water injection valves 2 & 4 will open if steam pressure down stream of
C.V exceeds a value corresponding to 45% of maximum bypass flow.
06. LP Bypass Darin valves HR-113 & HR-115 can be opened if condenser
pressure is not high (<0.3 KSC).
07. HR-113 & HR-115 will get close if LP Bypass C.V’s are >2% open or I
condenser pr. Is high (>0.3 KSC).