1.

The null hypothesis is a claim about a:

A) parameter, where the claim is assumed to be false until it is declared true
B) parameter, where the claim is assumed to be true until it is declared false
C) statistic, where the claim is assumed to be false until it is declared true
D) statistic, where the claim is assumed to be true until it is declared false
Ans: B Difficulty level: medium Objective: Define null and alternative
hypotheses, giving an example in an applied setting.

2. The alternative hypothesis is a claim about a:

A) parameter, where the claim is assumed to be true until it is declared false
B) parameter, where the claim is assumed to be true if the null hypothesis is declared
false
C) statistic, where the claim is assumed to be true if the null hypothesis is declared
false
D) statistic, where the claim is assumed to be false until it is declared true
Ans: B Difficulty level: medium Objective: Define null and alternative
hypotheses, giving an example in an applied setting.

3. In a one-tailed hypothesis test, a critical point is a point that divides the area under the
sampling distribution of a:
A) statistic into one rejection region and one nonrejection region
B) parameter into one rejection region and one nonrejection region
C) statistic into one rejection region and two nonrejection regions
D) parameter into two rejection regions and one nonrejection region
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Explain the differences between a one-
tailed and a two-tailed test.

4. In a two-tailed hypothesis test, the two critical points are the points that divide the area
under the sampling distribution of a:
A) statistic into two rejection regions and one nonrejection region
B) parameter into one rejection region and one nonrejection region
C) statistic into one rejection region and two nonrejection regions
D) parameter into two rejection regions and one nonrejection region
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Explain the differences between a one-
tailed and a two-tailed test.

5. In a hypothesis test, a Type I error occurs when:

A) a false null hypothesis is rejected C) a false null hypothesis is not rejected
B) a true null hypothesis is not rejected D) a true null hypothesis is rejected
Ans: D Difficulty level: medium Objective: Distinguish between Type I and Type
II errors in a hypothesis test.

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6. In a hypothesis test, a Type II error occurs when:

A) a false null hypothesis is rejected C) a false null hypothesis is not rejected
B) a true null hypothesis is not rejected D) a true null hypothesis is rejected
Ans: C Difficulty level: medium Objective: Distinguish between Type I and Type
II errors in a hypothesis test.

7. In a hypothesis test, the probability of committing a Type I error is called the:

A) confidence level B) confidence interval C) significance level D) beta error
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Distinguish between Type I and Type II
errors in a hypothesis test.

8. A one-tailed hypothesis test contains:

A) one rejection region and two nonrejection regions
B) two rejection regions and one nonrejection region
C) two rejection regions and two nonrejection regions
D) one rejection region and one nonrejection region
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Distinguish between Type I and Type II
errors in a hypothesis test.

9. A two-tailed hypothesis test contains:

A) one rejection region and two nonrejection regions
B) two rejection regions and one nonrejection region
C) two rejection regions and two nonrejection regions
D) one rejection region and one nonrejection region
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Distinguish between Type I and Type II
errors in a hypothesis test.

10. In a left-tailed hypothesis test, the sign in the alternative hypothesis is:
A) not equal to C) less than
   
B) greater than D) less than or equal to
   
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Identify and interpret the rejection region
of a hypothesis test.

11. In a right-tailed hypothesis test, the sign in the alternative hypothesis is:
A) not equal to C) less than
   
B) greater than D) less than or equal to
   
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Identify and interpret the rejection region
of a hypothesis test.

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12. In a two-tailed hypothesis test, the sign in the alternative hypothesis is:
A) not equal to C) less than
   
B) greater than D) less than or equal to
   
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Identify and interpret the rejection region
of a hypothesis test.

13. A researcher wants to test if the mean price of houses in an area is greater than $145,000.
The alternative hypothesis for this example will be that the population mean is:
A) equal to $145,000 C) greater than or equal to $145,000
B) not equal to $145,000 D) greater than $145,000
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Define null and alternative hypotheses,
giving an example in an applied setting.

14. A researcher wants to test if the mean price of houses in an area is greater than $175,000.
The null hypothesis for this example will be that the population mean is:
A) less than or equal to $175,000 C) greater than or equal to $175,000
B) not equal to $175,000 D) greater than $175,000
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Define null and alternative hypotheses,
giving an example in an applied setting.

15. A researcher wants to test if the mean annual salary of all lawyers in a city is different
than $110,000. The alternative hypothesis for this example will be that the population
mean is:
A) equal to $110,000 C) not equal to $110,000
B) less than to $110,000 D) greater than $110,000
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Define null and alternative hypotheses,
giving an example in an applied setting.

16. A researcher wants to test if the mean annual salary of all lawyers in a city is different
than $110,000. The null hypothesis for this example will be that the population mean is:
A) equal to $110,000 C) not equal to $110,000
B) less than to $110,000 D) greater than $110,000
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Define null and alternative hypotheses,
giving an example in an applied setting.

17. A researcher wants to test if elementary school children spend less than 30 minutes per
day on homework. The alternative hypothesis for this example will be that the population
mean is:
A) equal to 30 minutes C) less than or equal to 30 minutes
B) not equal to 30 minutes D) less than 30 minutes
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Define null and alternative hypotheses,
giving an example in an applied setting.

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18. A researcher wants to test if elementary school children spend less than 30 minutes per
day on homework. The null hypothesis for this example will be that the population mean
is:
A) greater than or equal to 30 minutes C) less than or equal to 30 minutes
B) not equal to 30 minutes D) less than 30 minutes
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Define null and alternative hypotheses,
giving an example in an applied setting.

19. The p-value is the:

A) largest significance level at which the null hypothesis can be rejected
B) largest significance level at which the alternative hypothesis can be rejected
C) smallest significance level at which the null hypothesis can be rejected
D) smallest significance level at which the alternative hypothesis can be rejected
Ans: C Difficulty level: medium Objective: Explain the difference between the p-
value approach and the critical value approach to hypothesis testing.

20. For a one-tailed test, the p-value is:

A) the area under the curve between the mean and the observed value of the sample
statistic
B) twice the area under the curve between the mean and the observed value of the
sample statistic
C) the area under the curve to the same side of the value of the sample statistic as is
specified in the alternative hypothesis
D) twice the area under the curve to the same side of the value of the sample statistic
as is specified in the alternative hypothesis
Ans: C Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test
for mu (normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

21. For a two-tailed test, the p-value is:

A) the area under the curve between the mean and the observed value of the sample
statistic
B) twice the area under the curve between the mean and the observed value of the
sample statistic
C) the area in the tail under the curve on the side which the sample statistic lies
D) twice the area in the tail under the curve on the side which the sample statistic lies
Ans: D Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test
for mu (normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

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22. The following four steps must be taken to perform a hypothesis test using the p-value
approach:

1. Calculate the p-value.

2. Select the distribution to use.
3. Make a decision.
4. State the null and alternative hypotheses and determine the significance level.

The correct order for performing these steps is:

A) 4, 1, 2, 3 B) 2, 3, 1, 4 C) 4, 2, 1, 3 D) 3, 2, 1, 4
Ans: C Difficulty level: medium Objective: Explain the difference between the p-
value approach and the critical value approach to hypothesis testing.

23. A two-tailed hypothesis test using the normal distribution reveals that the area under the
sampling distribution curve of the mean and located to the right of the sample mean
equals 0.032. Consequently, the p-value for this test equals:
Ans: 0.064
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

24. The following five steps must be taken to perform a hypothesis test using the critical-
value approach:

1. Calculate the value of the test statistic.

2. Select the distribution to use.
3. Make a decision.
4. Determine the rejection and nonrejection regions.
5. State the null and alternative hypotheses and determine the significance level.

The correct order for performing these steps is:

A) 4, 1, 2, 3, 5 B) 5, 2, 4, 1, 3 C) 5, 4, 2, 1, 3 D) 5, 1, 2, 3, 4
Ans: B Difficulty level: medium Objective: Explain the difference between the p-
value approach and the critical value approach to hypothesis testing.

25. Suppose that the batting average for all major league baseball players after each team
completes 100 games through the season is 0.248 and the standard deviation is 0.034. The
null hypothesis is that American League infielders average the same as all other major
league players. A sample of 46 players taken from the American League reveals a mean
batting average of 0.255. What is the value of the test statistic, z (rounded to two decimal
places)?
Ans: 1.40
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

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26. In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 37

H 0 :   60 H1 :   60
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 62.5. Assuming that 5.2

and the population is normally distributed, what is the approximate p-value for this test?
(round your answer to four decimal places)
Ans: 0.0035
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

27. In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 59

H 0 :   37 H1 :   37
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 35.8. Assuming that 9.9,

what is the approximate p-value for this test? (round your answer to four decimal places)
Ans: 0.1759
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

28. In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of

H 0 :   125 H1 :   125
131 elements selected from the population produced a mean of 131.6. Assuming that

18.8, what is the approximate p-value for this test? (round your answer to four decimal
places)
Ans: 0.0000
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

29. In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 38

H 0 :   75 H1 :   75
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 74.4. Assuming that 8.9

and the population is normally distributed, what is the approximate p-value for this test?
(round your answer to four decimal places)
Ans: 0.6777
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

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30. In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of

H 0 :   140 H1 :   140
100 elements selected from the population produced a mean of 137.0. Assuming that

28.1, what is the approximate p-value for this test? (round your answer to four decimal
places)
Ans: 0.1428
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

31. In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 61

H 0 :   90 H1 :   90
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 90.7. Assuming that 29.8,

what is the approximate p-value for this test? (round your answer to four decimal places)
Ans: 0.4272
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 32-35:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 99

H 0 :   80 H1 :   80
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 75.3. Assume that 24.6, and that

the test is to be made at the 5% significance level.

32. What is the critical value of z?

A) 1.88 B) 2.17 C) -1.88 D) -2.17
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

33. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: –1.901
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

34. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0287
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

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35. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 36-39:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 67

H 0 :   45 H1 :   45
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 46.0. Assume that 6.9, and that

the test is to be made at the 2.5% significance level.

36. What is the critical value of z?

A) -1.96 B) 1.65 C) 1.96 D) -1.65
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

37. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 1.186
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

38. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.1178
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

39. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: fail to reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 40-43:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 38

H 0 :   24 H1 :   24
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 26.0. Assume that 4.4, and that

the test is to be made at the 5% significance level.

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40. What are the critical values of z?

A) -2.07 and 2.07 C) -1.645 and 1.645
B) -1.96 and 1.96 D) -2.33 and 2.33
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for
mu (sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

41. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 2.802
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

42. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0051
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

43. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.; Perform a two-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 44-47:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 68

H 0 :   136 H1 :   136
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 133.4. Assume that 21.4, and that

the test is to be made at the 3% significance level.

44. What is the critical value of z?

A) 1.96 B) -1.96 C) -1.645 D) 1.645
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

45. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: –1.002
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

46. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.1582
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

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47. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: fail to reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 48-51:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 113

H 0 :   50 H1 :   50
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 52.3. Assume that 22.0, and that

the test is to be made at the 2% significance level.

48. What is the critical value of z?

A) 2.17 B) 1.88 C) -1.28 D) -1.88
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

49. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 1.111
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

50. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.1332
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

51. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: fail to reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 52-55:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 103

H 0 :   90 H1 :   90
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 94.3. Assume that 22.1, and that

the test is to be made at the 5% significance level.

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52. What are the critical values of z?

A) -1.645 and 1.645 C) -2.33 and 2.33
B) -2.05 and 2.05 D) -2.58 and 2.58
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for
mu (sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

53. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 1.975
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

54. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0483
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

55. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.; Perform a two-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 56-59:

A researcher wants to test if the mean price of houses in an area is greater than $145,000. A
random sample of 35 houses selected from the area produces a mean price of $149,700. Assume
that $13,100, and that the test is to be made at the 1% significance level.

56. What is the critical value of z?
A) 1.88 B) 2.17 C) 1.96 D) 2.58
Ans: A Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

57. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 2.123
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

58. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0169
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

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59. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: fail to reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 60-63:

A researcher wants to test if the mean annual salary of all lawyers in a city is different from
$110,000. A random sample of 53 lawyers selected from the city reveals a mean annual salary of
$114,000. Assume that $17,000, and that the test is to be made at the 1% significance level.

60. What are the critical values of z?
A) -1.96 and 1.96 B) -2.58 and 2.58 C) -2.33 and 2.33 D) -2.05 and 2.05
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for
mu (sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

61. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 1.713
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

62. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0867
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

63. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: fail to reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.; Perform a two-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 64-67:

A researcher wants to test if the elementary school children spend less than 30 minutes per day
on homework. A random sample of 64 children from the school shows that they spend an
average of 24.5 minutes per day on homework. Assume that 15.3 minutes, and that the test is

to be made at the 1% significance level.

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64. What is the critical value of z?

A) -2.06 B) -2.33 C) -2.58 D) -1.96
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

65. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: –2.876
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

66. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0020
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.

67. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population with given sigma) using the p-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (sigma known, n < 30) using the critical-value approach.

68. We use the t distribution to perform a hypothesis test about the population mean when:
A) the population from which the sample is drawn is approximately normal and the
population standard deviation is known
B) the population from which the sample is drawn is not approximately normal and
the population standard deviation is known
C) the population from which the sample is drawn is approximately normal and the
population standard deviation is unknown
D) the population from which the sample is drawn is not approximately normal and
the population standard deviation is unknown
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a hypothesis test for the
population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown.

69. Which of the following conditions is not required to use the t distribution to perform a
hypothesis test about a population mean?
A) The population from which the sample is drawn is approximately normal
B) The population from which the sample is drawn has a t distribution
C) The population standard deviation is unknown
D) The sample does not have any extreme outliers
Ans: B Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a hypothesis test for the
population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown.

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Use the following to answer questions 70-73:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 24

H 0 :   54 H1 :   54
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 58.6 and a standard deviation of 13.4.
The test is to be made at the 10% significance level. Assume the population is normally
distributed.

70. What is the critical value of t?

A) 1.318 B) 1.28 C) -1.319 D) 1.319
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

71. What is the value of the test statistic, t, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 1.682
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

72. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0531
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

73. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for
mu (sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 74-77:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 16

H 0 :   90 H1 :   90
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 91.9 and a standard deviation of 4.9.
The test is to be made at the 2% significance level. Assume the population is normally
distributed.

74. What are the critical values of t?

A) -2.33 and 2.33 C) -2.131 and 2.131
B) -2.602 and 2.602 D) -2.583 and 2.583
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for
mu (normal population, sigma unknown) using the critical-value approach.

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75. What is the value of the test statistic, t, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 1.551
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population, sigma unknown) using the critical-value approach.

76. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.1417
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population, sigma unknown) using the p-value approach.

77. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: fail to reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population, sigma unknown) using the critical-value approach.; Perform a two-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (normal population, sigma unknown) using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 78-81:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of 20

H 0 :   74 H1 :   74
elements selected from the population produced a mean of 67.8 and a standard deviation of 11.9.
The significance level is 5%. Assume the population is normally distributed.

78. What is the critical value of t?

A) -1.645 B) -1.725 C) -1.729 D) -2.093
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

79. What is the value of the test statistic, t, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: –2.330
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

80. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0155
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

81. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for
mu (sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

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Use the following to answer questions 82-86:

A company that manufactures light bulbs claims that its light bulbs last an average of 1,150
hours. A sample of 25 light bulbs manufactured by this company gave a mean life of 1,097 hours
and a standard deviation of 133 hours. A consumer group wants to test the hypothesis that the
mean life of light bulbs produced by this company is less than 1,150 hours. The significance
level is 5%. Assume the population is normally distributed.

82. What is the critical value of t?

A) -1.704 B) -1.711 C) -2.797 D) -2.787
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

83. What is the value of the test statistic, t, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: –1.992
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

84. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0289
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

85. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for
mu (sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

86. Does the data provide evidence to contradict the company's claim about the average
lifetime of their light bulbs? (State your answer as "no" or "yes", but don't include the
quotation marks.)
Ans: yes
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis
test for mu (sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 87-90:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of size 481

H 0 : p  .39 H1 : p  .39
produced a sample proportion of 0.4350. The test is to be made at the 5% significance level.

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87. What is the critical value of z?

A) 1.96 B) 1.645 C) 2.12 D) 2.72
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

88. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 2.023
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

89. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0215
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the p-value approach.

90. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis
test for the population proportion using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 91-94:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of size

H 0 : p  0.76 H1 : p  0.76
974 produced a sample proportion of 0.7380. The test is to be made at the 5% significance level.

91. What is the critical value of z?

A) -2.05 B) -2.33 C) -1.96 D) -1.65
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

92. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: –1.608
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

93. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0540
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the p-value approach.

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94. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: fail to reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis
test for the population proportion using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 95-98:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of size

H 0 : p  0.26 H1 : p  0.26
809 produced a sample proportion of 0.2400. The test is to be made at the 5% significance level.

95. What are the critical values of z?

A) -2.58 and 2.58 C) -1.96 and 1.96
B) -1.645 and 1.645 D) -1.72 and 1.72
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

96. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: –1.297
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

97. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.1947
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the p-value approach.

98. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: fail to reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.; Perform a two-tailed hypothesis
test for the population proportion using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 99-102:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of size

H 0 : p  0.58 H1 : p  0.58
1,165 produced a sample proportion of 0.6160. The test is to be made at the 2.5% significance
level.

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99. What is the critical value of z?

A) 1.65 B) 2.33 C) 1.96 D) 2.58
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

100. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 2.490
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

101. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0064
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the p-value approach.

102. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis
test for the population proportion using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 103-106:

In a hypothesis test with hypotheses and , a random sample of size

H 0 : p  0.31 H1 : p  0.31
530 produced a sample proportion of 0.2755. The test is to be made at the 2% significance level.

103. What is the critical value of z?

A) -2.33 B) -2.05 C) -1.645 D) -1.714
Ans: B Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

104. What is the value of the test statistic, z, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: –1.717
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.

105. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0430
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the p-value approach.

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106. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: fail to reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for the
population proportion using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis
test for the population proportion using the p-value approach.

107. Which of the following statements describes a Type II error in hypothesis testing?
A) A court declares a defendant guilty, when he is actually innocent.
B) A scientist, trying to support a theory about the number of different species of
animals in a particular country, declares the null hypothesis to be "there are 715
different species" when there are actually more than 800.
C) A statistician determines, through hypothesis testing, that the mean number of
televisions per household in a certain community is 1.4, when it is actually greater
than 1.4.
D) Through hypothesis testing, we find the alternative hypothesis to be true when it is
actually false.
Ans: C Difficulty level: high Objective: Distinguish between Type I and Type II
errors in a hypothesis test.

108. The power of a hypothesis test is .96. Which of the following statements is true about this
test?
A) The probability of a Type II error is .04.
B) The probability of a Type I error is .04.
C) The probability of a Type II error is .96.
D) The probability of a Type I error is .96.
Ans: A Difficulty level: medium Objective: Distinguish between Type I and Type
II errors in a hypothesis test.

109. A study conducted in 2000 found that the mean number of children under 18 per
household in a certain community was 1.7. A statistician is trying to determine whether
this number has changed in the last 6 years. Which of the following sets of hypotheses is
correct for this test?
A) C)
H 0 :   1.7; H 1 :   1.7 H 0 :   1.7; H1 :   1.7
B) D)
H 0 :   1.7; H1 :   1.7 H 0 :   1.7; H1 :   1.7
Ans: C Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a hypothesis test for the
population mean when the population standard deviation is unknown.

Use the following to answer questions 110-113:

The director of a radio broadcast company wants to determine whether the mean length of
commercials on his station is equal to 24 seconds. A sample of 41 commercials had a mean life
of 26.90 seconds and a standard deviation of 7.88 seconds. The significance level is 5%.

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110. What are the critical values of t?

A) -1.714 and 1.714 C) -2.010 and 2.010
B) -1.684 and 1.684 D) -2.021 and 2.021
Ans: D Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for
mu (normal population, sigma unknown) using the critical-value approach.

111. What is the value of the test statistic, t, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: 2.356
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population, sigma unknown) using the critical-value approach.

112. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0234
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(normal population, sigma unknown) using the p-value approach.

113. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a two-tailed hypothesis test for mu (normal
population, sigma unknown) using the critical-value approach.; Perform a two-tailed
hypothesis test for mu (normal population, sigma unknown) using the p-value approach.

Use the following to answer questions 114-118:

Thousands of people nationwide are to take part in a Spring Clean-Up day along highways near
their hometowns. The goal is to have individuals collect an average of 50 pounds (or more) of
garbage. In a random sample of 36 people, an average of 46.3 pounds was collected, with a
standard deviation of 9.2 pounds. The significance level is 2%.

114. What is the critical value of t?

A) -1.803 B) -1.988 C) -2.133 D) -2.438
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

115. What is the value of the test statistic, t, rounded to three decimal places?
Ans: –2.413
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.

116. What is the p-value for this hypothesis test, rounded to four decimal places?
Ans: 0.0106
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

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117. Should you reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis in this test? (State your answer as
"reject" or "fail to reject", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: reject
Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu (sigma
known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for
mu (sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

118. Does the data provide evidence to suggest that the goal is not being met? (State your
answer as "no" or "yes", but don't include the quotation marks.)
Ans: yes
Difficulty level: medium Objective: Perform a one-tailed hypothesis test for mu
(sigma known, n ? 30) using the critical-value approach.; Perform a one-tailed hypothesis
test for mu (sigma unknown, n ? 30) using the p-value approach.

119. If the significance level of a hypothesis test is 5% we will reject the null hypothesis is the
p-value is
A) greater than 0.95 C) less than 0.05
B) less than 0.025 D) greater than 0.025
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Explain the difference between the p-value
approach and the critical value approach to hypothesis testing.

120. When is unknown and the sample size is larger than 76, use:

A) a t test. B) a test for proportions. C) a z test. D) cannot perform a test.
Ans: C Difficulty level: low Objective: Perform a hypothesis test for mu when
sigma is unknown and n > 76.

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