STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY Q2

Name:_________________________
Section:______________________

1. What is the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing? a. The hypothesis that is proven true
b. The hypothesis that is rejected c. The hypothesis that is formulated as the opposite of the
research hypothesis d. The hypothesis that is formulated as the same as the research
hypothesis
Answer: c
2. What is the alternative hypothesis in hypothesis testing? a. The hypothesis that is
proven true b. The hypothesis that is rejected c. The hypothesis that is formulated as the
opposite of the research hypothesis d. The hypothesis that is formulated as the same as the
research hypothesis
Answer: d
3. What is the level of significance in hypothesis testing? a. The probability of rejecting a
true null hypothesis b. The probability of accepting a false null hypothesis c. The probability
of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis d. The probability of correctly accepting a true
null hypothesis
Answer: a
4. What is the rejection region in hypothesis testing? a. The region where the null
hypothesis is accepted b. The region where the null hypothesis is rejected c. The region
where the alternative hypothesis is accepted d. The region where the alternative hypothesis
is rejected
Answer: b
5. What is a type I error in hypothesis testing? a. Rejecting a true null hypothesis b.
Accepting a false null hypothesis c. Rejecting a false null hypothesis d. Accepting a true null
hypothesis
Answer: a
6. What is a type II error in hypothesis testing? a. Rejecting a true null hypothesis b.
Accepting a false null hypothesis c. Rejecting a false null hypothesis d. Accepting a true null
hypothesis
Answer: b
7. In hypothesis testing, what is the consequence of setting a higher level of significance?
a. The probability of type I error increases b. The probability of type II error increases c. The
power of the test increases d. The sample size required for the test decreases
Answer: a
8. What is a one-tailed test in hypothesis testing? a. A test that considers only one
hypothesis b. A test that has a single level of significance c. A test that is conducted on one
sample only d. A test that is used to test a directional hypothesis
Answer: d
9. What is a two-tailed test in hypothesis testing? a. A test that considers only two
hypotheses b. A test that has two levels of significance c. A test that is conducted on two
samples only d. A test that is used to test a non-directional hypothesis
Answer: d
 10. In hypothesis testing, what is the consequence of increasing the sample size? a. The
probability of type I error decreases b. The probability of type II error decreases c. The
power of the test increases d. The level of significance increases
Answer: c
11. A researcher wants to test if the average height of a population is different from 175 cm.
What is the null hypothesis? a) The average height is equal to 175 cm. b) The average height
is less than 175 cm. c) The average height is greater than 175 cm. d) The average height is
not equal to 175 cm.
Answer: a) The average height is equal to 175 cm.
12. A researcher wants to test if a new medication increases blood pressure. What is the
alternative hypothesis? a) The medication does not affect blood pressure. b) The medication
decreases blood pressure. c) The medication increases blood pressure. d) The medication
has no effect on blood pressure.
Answer: c) The medication increases blood pressure.
13. What is the level of significance in hypothesis testing? a) The probability of rejecting the
null hypothesis when it is true. b) The probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is
true. c) The probability of rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is true. d) The
probability of accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is true.
Answer: a) The probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
14. What is the rejection region in hypothesis testing? a) The range of values that supports
the null hypothesis. b) The range of values that supports the alternative hypothesis. c) The
range of values that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis. d) The range of values that
leads to acceptance of the null hypothesis.
Answer: c) The range of values that leads to rejection of the null hypothesis.
15. What is a type I error in hypothesis testing? a) Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is
true. b) Accepting the null hypothesis when it is false. c) Rejecting the alternative hypothesis
when it is true. d) Accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is false.
Answer: a) Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true.
16. What is a type II error in hypothesis testing? a) Rejecting the alternative hypothesis
when it is true. b) Accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is false. c) Rejecting the null
hypothesis when it is false. d) Accepting the null hypothesis when it is true.
Answer: b) Accepting the alternative hypothesis when it is false.
17. A researcher wants to test if the average time spent on social media per day is less than
2 hours. What is the null hypothesis? a) The average time spent on social media per day is
less than or equal to 2 hours. b) The average time spent on social media per day is greater
than or equal to 2 hours. c) The average time spent on social media per day is exactly 2
hours. d) The average time spent on social media per day is not less than 2 hours.
Answer: d) The average time spent on social media per day is not less than 2 hours.
18. A researcher wants to test if the proportion of students who pass a test is different from
0.5. What is the alternative hypothesis? a) The proportion of students who pass the test is
exactly 0.5. b) The proportion of students who pass the test is less than 0.5. c) The
proportion of students who pass the test is greater than 0.5. d) The proportion of students
who pass the test is not equal to 0.5.
Answer: d) The proportion of students who pass the test is not equal to 0.5.
 19. A researcher wants to test whether the average height of plants grown with fertilizer A
is different from the average height of plants grown with fertilizer B. What is the null
hypothesis? a. The average height of plants grown with fertilizer A is equal to the average
height of plants grown with fertilizer B. b. The average height of plants grown with fertilizer
A is greater than the average height of plants grown with fertilizer B. c. The average height
of plants grown with fertilizer A is less than the average height of plants grown with
fertilizer B. d. None of the above.
Answer: a
20. A researcher wants to test whether the average number of hours students study per day
is less than 3 hours. What is the alternative hypothesis? a. The average number of hours
students study per day is equal to 3 hours. b. The average number of hours students study
per day is greater than 3 hours. c. The average number of hours students study per day is
less than 3 hours. d. None of the above.
Answer: c
21. What is the rejection region in hypothesis testing? A) the range of values that indicates
the null hypothesis is true B) the range of values that indicates the alternative hypothesis is
true C) the range of values that indicates the test statistic is significant D) the range of
values that indicates the test statistic is not significant
Answer: C
22. When the population variance is known and the sample size is small, what distribution is
used to identify the rejection region? A) t-distribution B) F-distribution C) chi-square
distribution D) normal distribution
Answer: D
23. What is the rejection region in a two-tailed hypothesis test with a significance level of
0.05? A) the upper 5% of the distribution B) the lower 5% of the distribution C) the upper
and lower 2.5% of the distribution D) the upper and lower 5% of the distribution
Answer: C
24. What is the rejection region in a one-tailed hypothesis test with a significance level of
0.01? A) the upper 1% of the distribution B) the lower 1% of the distribution C) the upper
5% of the distribution D) the lower 5% of the distribution
Answer: A
25. When the population variance is unknown and the sample size is large, what
distribution is used to identify the rejection region? A) t-distribution B) F-distribution C) chi-
square distribution D) normal distribution
Answer: A
26. What is the rejection region in a two-tailed hypothesis test with a significance level of
0.01? A) the upper 1% of the distribution B) the lower 1% of the distribution C) the upper
and lower 0.5% of the distribution D) the upper and lower 1% of the distribution
Answer: D
27. What is the rejection region in a one-tailed hypothesis test with a significance level of
0.05? A) the upper 5% of the distribution B) the lower 5% of the distribution C) the upper
2.5% of the distribution D) the lower 2.5% of the distribution
Answer: B
 28. When using the Central Limit Theorem to identify the rejection region, what is the shape
of the distribution? A) normal B) skewed C) bimodal D) uniform
Answer: A
29. What is the level of significance in a hypothesis test? A) the probability of rejecting the
null hypothesis when it is true B) the probability of rejecting the alternative hypothesis
when it is true C) the probability of not rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true D) the
probability of not rejecting the alternative hypothesis when it is true
Answer: A
30. What is a Type I error in hypothesis testing? A) rejecting the null hypothesis when it is
true B) failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false C) rejecting the alternative
hypothesis when it is true D) failing to reject the alternative hypothesis when it is false
Answer: A
31. A researcher wants to test if the mean height of college students is greater than 68
inches. Which of the following is the appropriate null hypothesis?
a) H0: µ > 68 b) H0: µ = 68 c) H0: µ < 68 d) H0: µ ≠ 68
Answer: b) H0: µ = 68
32. A researcher wants to test if the mean weight of a sample of elephants is different from
4000 pounds. The population standard deviation is 200 pounds. Which of the following is
the appropriate rejection region for a significance level of 0.05?
a) Z < -1.96 or Z > 1.96 b) Z < -1.645 or Z > 1.645 c) Z < -1.282 or Z > 1.282 d) Z < -1.036 or Z >
1.036
Answer: a) Z < -1.96 or Z > 1.96
33. A researcher wants to test if the mean cholesterol level of patients who took a new drug
is less than 200 mg/dL. The population standard deviation is 30 mg/dL. A sample of 50
patients was randomly selected and the mean cholesterol level was 195 mg/dL. What is the
test statistic value?
a) -1.67 b) -2.05 c) -2.33 d) -2.58
Answer: d) -2.58
34. A researcher wants to test if the mean salary of engineers in a company is different from
$80,000. A sample of 25 engineers was randomly selected and the sample mean was
$85,000. The population standard deviation is $10,000. What is the test statistic value?
a) -1.96 b) -2.5 c) -2.0 d) -2.2
Answer: b) -2.5
35. A researcher wants to test if the mean systolic blood pressure of a population is
different from 120 mmHg. The population standard deviation is 10 mmHg. A sample of 36
patients was randomly selected and the sample mean was 124 mmHg. What is the
appropriate rejection region for a significance level of 0.01?
a) Z < -2.33 or Z > 2.33 b) Z < -2.58 or Z > 2.58 c) Z < -2.7 or Z > 2.7 d) Z < -2.9 or Z > 2.9
Answer: b) Z < -2.58 or Z > 2.58
36. A researcher wants to test if the mean response time of a computer program is less than
0.1 seconds. The population standard deviation is 0.02 seconds. A sample of 64 response
times was randomly selected and the sample mean was 0.09 seconds. What is the
appropriate null hypothesis?
a) H0: µ < 0.1 b) H0: µ > 0.1 c) H0: µ = 0.1 d) H0: µ ≠ 0.1
Answer: a) H0: µ < 0.1
37. A researcher wants to determine if the mean height of students in a university is
significantly different from 170 cm. She randomly sampled 50 students and found that the
sample mean height is 173 cm with a sample standard deviation of 5 cm. What is the test
statistic for this hypothesis test? a. 2.4 b. 1.0 c. 1.8 d. 0.6 Answer: a. 2.4
38. A company claims that the mean wait time of their customer service hotline is 3
minutes. A random sample of 25 calls showed a mean wait time of 3.5 minutes with a
standard deviation of 0.8 minutes. What is the test statistic for this hypothesis test? a. 1.79
b. 2.50 c. 1.25 d. 0.89 Answer: b. 2.50
39. A study aims to determine if the mean IQ score of a certain population is significantly
different from 100. A random sample of 36 individuals resulted in a sample mean of 105 and
a sample standard deviation of 8. What is the test statistic for this hypothesis test? a. 1.50
b. 2.25 c. 4.50 d. 3.00 Answer: d. 3.00
40. A research team wants to test if the average weight of a certain breed of dog is different
from 25 kg. They sampled 40 dogs and found a mean weight of 23 kg with a standard
deviation of 4 kg. What is the test statistic for this hypothesis test? a. -2.00 b. -1.25 c. 1.25 d.
2.00 Answer: a. -2.00
41. What is the appropriate form of the test-statistic when the Central Limit Theorem is to
be used? A. t-test B. z-test C. Chi-squared test D. F-test
Answer: B. z-test
42. What is the z-score formula for a sample mean with a known population standard
deviation? A. (x̄ - μ) / (s / √n) B. (x̄ - μ) / (s / n) C. (x̄ - μ) / s D. (x̄ - μ) / (√n / s)
Answer: C. (x̄ - μ) / s
43. If the level of significance is 0.05, what is the critical z-value for a two-tailed test? A. 1.96
B. 2.33 C. 2.58 D. 1.64
Answer: A. 1.96
44. If the sample size is 25 and the population standard deviation is unknown, what is the
appropriate form of the test-statistic? A. t-test B. z-test C. Chi-squared test D. F-test
Answer: A. t-test
45. If the level of significance is 0.01 and the test is two-tailed, what is the critical z-value?
A. 2.33 B. 2.58 C. 2.81 D. 2.58 and -2.58
Answer: D. 2.58 and -2.58
46. What is the formula for the standard error of the mean? A. s / n B. s / √n C. √n / s D. n /
s
Answer: B. s / √n
47. What is the appropriate form of the test-statistic when the population standard
deviation is known? A. t-test B. z-test C. Chi-squared test D. F-test
Answer: B. z-test
48. If the sample size is 100 and the population standard deviation is 10, what is the
standard error of the mean? A. 1 B. 0.5 C. 0.1 D. 1.0
Answer: D. 1.0
49. If the level of significance is 0.05, what is the critical t-value for a one-tailed test with 24
degrees of freedom? A. 1.711 B. 1.711 and -1.711 C. 2.064 D. 2.064 and -2.064
Answer: A. 1.711
 50. What is the rejection region for a one-tailed test with a level of significance of 0.10 and
30 degrees of freedom? A. t > 1.697 B. t < -1.697 C. t > 1.697 and t < -1.697 D. t > 1.697 or t
< -1.697
Answer: B. t < -1.697