Oral Communication

Types of Speech Style:

2nd Quarter ➢ Intimate
- is used for very close relationships.
Lesson 1: Types of Speeches and Example: Couple
Note: Language used in this style may not be
Speech Style shared in public
Types of Speech According to Purpose:
➢ Casual
➢ Informative or Expository Speech - is an informal communication between groups
- is mainly performed for the purpose of and peers who have something to share and
educating the audience on new or relevant have shared background information but do
piece of information on a particular topic. not have close relations.
Example: Lecture of a teacher Example: Classmates
Note: Jargon, slang, and vernacular language
➢ Persuasive Speech are used
- is given solely for the purpose of convincing
the audience to agree with the speaker’s ➢ Consultative
opinion on a particular topic. - is used in semi-formal and standard
Example: Speech of a lawyer communication.
Example: Teacher and student
➢ Entertainment Speech Note: Professional of mutually acceptable
- aims to share laughter and enjoyment to the language is a must in this style
audience through witty and humorous lines.
Example: Speech of a comedian ➢ Formal
- is a one-way straightforward speech.
Types of Speech According to Delivery: Example: State of the nation address
Note: What the speaker says is something
➢ Manuscript Speech that has been prepared beforehand.
- is the word-for-word iteration of a written
message using visual aids. ➢ Frozen
Example: News anchor with a teleprompter - is the most formal communicative style that is
usually used during solemn ceremonies and
➢ Memorized Speech events.
- is the rote recitation of a written message that Example: Pledges
the speaker has committed to memory. Note: It does not require any feedback from
Example: Actor’s dialogue the audience

➢ Extemporaneous Speech Lesson 2: Communicative Strategies

- is the presentation of a carefully planned and
rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational Topic Shift
manner using brief notes.
Example: A campaign speech before a voting - introducing a new topic
public Nomination
➢ Impromptu Speech - presenting a particular topic
- Is the presentation of a short message without - starting point of communication
advance preparation and is for people Example: news inquiries
knowledgeable about the subject.
Example: A doctor’s response to the question Repair
of a patient - overcoming communication breakdown to
send more comprehensible messages
Restriction when there is a follow-through so that a new
topic continues to be discussed.
- constraining the response within a set of
categories Repair
Turn-taking - overcoming communication breakdown to
send more comprehensible messages
- recognizing when and how to speak
Repair Strategy:
Termination
1. requesting clarification
- using verbal and non-verbal signals to end the
interaction 2. not acknowledging the new situation

Topic Control 3. topic shifting

- keeping the conversation going on 4. repeating

5. recasting
“Effective use of communicative strategies will lead to
Termination
communicative competence.”
- this strategy ends the interaction by using
Nomination verbal and nonverbal messages that the
- usually used at the beginning of the participants send to one another. Nonverbal
interaction to set the purpose of the may include a handshake or walking away.
conversation. The speaker tries to open a
topic with the people he is talking to. Lesson 3: The Speech Writing
Topic Control
Process
- Just like event planning, or any activities,
- this is a communicative strategy used in
writing an effective speech follows certain
keeping the conversation going on by asking
steps or processes.
questions that requires a response from the
- The process of writing is recursive.
listener. Topic control also allows the other
participants to take turns, contribute ideas,
and continue the conversation Speech Conducting an audience
- question and answer portion analysis.

- keep asking questions Writing Determining the purpose

of the speech.
Selecting a topic.
Restriction Narrowing down a topic.

- this constrains the reaction or response within

Process Gathering data.

a defined set of categories. This is useful

when narrowing down a listener’s response to
an expected set of answers. This prevents the
Selecting a speech
conversation from going off-topic. pattern.
Preparing an outline.
Turn-taking Editing
and/or
Creating the body of the
speech.
revising.
- it is recognizing when and how to speak when Rehearsing
Preparing the
introduction.
it is one’s turn. Turn-taking provides people Preparing the
equal opportunity to say their piece. conclusion.

- (Giving the communicators the chance to

speak) Components Of Speech Writing Process
Topic Shifting ❖ Audience analysis
- Looking into the profile of your target
- This is defined as introducing a new topic
audience.
followed by the continuation of that topic.
Topic shifting is a strategy that works best
 Demography - age range, male-female ratio,
economic status, etc. ❖ Outline
Situation - time, venue, occasion, and size - A hierarchical list that shows the relationship
Psychology - values, beliefs, attitudes, of your ideas.
preferences, ideologies, and needs. - A good outline helps you see that all the ideas
are in line with your main idea or message.
❖ Purpose - Write your outline based on how you you’re
To inform - share information to the audience your ideas to develop.
To entertain - for amusement - Could be in two formats: table and list
To persuade - well-argued ideas that can
influence the audience ❖ Body of the speech
- provides explanations, examples, or any
❖ Topic details that can help you deliver your purpose
- The focal point of your speech, which can be and explain the main idea of your speech.
determined once you have decided on your - One major consideration in developing the
purpose. body of your speech is the focus or central
1. Select a topic which you already know idea. The body of your speech should only
something about and can find out more have one central idea.
2. Select a subject that interests you - narration, exposition, argument, or description
3. Select a topic that will interest you audience Strategies:
4. Select a subject appropriate to the occasion - Present real-life or practical examples
- Show statistics
❖ Narrowing down a topic - Present comparisons
- Making your main idea more specific and - Share ideas from the experts or
focused. practitioners
Why?
1. to discuss topic adequately in the time 1. Introduction
allotted - is the foundation of your speech.
2. to meet specific expectations of the - PRIMARY GOAL: get the attention of your
audience audience and present the subject or main
3. consider: is it above or below the idea of your speech.
comprehension level of your audience? Strategies:
- Use a real-life experience and connect
❖ Data gathering that experience to your subject.
- Collecting ideas, information, sources, and - Use practical examples and explain
references relevant or related to your specific their connection to your subject. Start
topic. with a familiar or strong quote and
then explain what it means.
❖ Writing patterns - Use facts or statistics and highlight
- Structures that will help you organize your their importance to your subject.
ideas related to your topic. - Tell a personal story to illustrate your
➔ Writing Patterns: point.
- Biographical
- Categorical/topical 2. Conclusion
- Causal - Restates the main idea of your speech.
- Chronological - Provides a summary, emphasizes the
- Comparison/contrast message, and calls for action.
- Problem-solution - Aims to leave the audience with a
memorable statement.
Strategies:
 - Begin your conclusion with a ➢ Edit For Continuity
restatement of your message.
- Use positive examples, encouraging “The speech was too difficult to follow; I was lost in
words, or memorable lines from songs the middle.”
or stories familiar to your audience. - use transitional words, phrases,
- Ask a question or series of questions sentences
that can make your audience reflect
or ponder. ➢ Edit For Variety

❖ Editing/revising “I didn’t enjoy the speech because it was boring.”

- your written speech involves correcting
- inject humor, but your speech should be
errors in mechanics, such as grammar,
balanced
punctuation, capitalization, unity,
- use visual aids
coherence, and others.
- balance stats, theories, stories, logical
Principles Of Speech Editing (Dlugan, arguments
2013): ➢ Edit For Impact and Beauty
➢ Edit For Focus “There’s nothing really special about the speech.”
“So, what’s the point? What’s the message of the - make speech memorable by giving
speech?” memorable lines, vivid images
“Is it confusing? Is it all over the place?”
Lesson 3: The Speech Writing
- every detail in your speech MUST support
your main message.
Process
Principles Of Speech Delivery
➢ Edit For Clarity
➢ Articulation
“I don’t understand the message because the
examples or supporting details were confusing.” - Clear pronunciation or diction and speech
is very essential in effectively transmitting
“The talk was interesting but I just didn’t get it.” the message. Word choice and
grammatical correctness are necessary in
- writing patterns are important writing the speech, but it is highly
- sentences clearer, avoid tongue twisters, important to know by the speaker the
eliminate slangs, or jargons correct way of saying a word, whether they
are familiar or unfamiliar.
➢ Edit For Concision
➢ Modulation
“The speech was all over the place; the speaker kept - Voice quality is the key when we speak of
talking endlessly as if no one was listening to modulation.
him/her.” - Modulation refers to the capability of the
vocal tone to adjust to the resonance and
“Is this detail/element essential to my speech?” timbre of the voice.
- eliminate unnecessary statements if the - With modulation, as the speaker, he/she
will be heard and his/her purpose of
paragraph is fine without them
delivering his/her message will be sent
- eliminate unnecessary words if they don’t
and received clearly and unmistakably.
add meaning to
- the sentence, avoid long words as much
as possible
➢ Facial Expressions, Gestures, and
Movements
- The message of the speech is being
reinforced by the facial expressions,
gestures and movements of the speaker.
- Facial Expressions should change with the
content of the speech, gestures or
movements on the other hand, highlights
the points being clarified and direct the
audience to follow every word and
important details the speaker has to say.