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Laplace Transform

The Laplace transform is an integral transform used in engineering and mathematical modeling to convert functions of time into functions of a complex variable, simplifying the analysis of differential equations. Developed by Pierre-Simon Laplace, it has applications in various fields including circuit analysis, probability, heat transfer, and economics. The document also outlines the Laplace transforms of elementary functions and discusses the process of inverse Laplace transformation to retrieve original functions.

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18 views3 pages

Laplace Transform

The Laplace transform is an integral transform used in engineering and mathematical modeling to convert functions of time into functions of a complex variable, simplifying the analysis of differential equations. Developed by Pierre-Simon Laplace, it has applications in various fields including circuit analysis, probability, heat transfer, and economics. The document also outlines the Laplace transforms of elementary functions and discusses the process of inverse Laplace transformation to retrieve original functions.

Uploaded by

priontimahi76
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laplace Transform

Introduction:
Definition: A common integral transform in engineering and
mathematical modeling of different systems is the Laplace
transform.

transform of F(t), denoted by ℒ{F(t)} is defined by


Let F(t) be a function of t specified for t> 0. Then the Laplace

ℒ{F(t)} = f(s) = ∫ e F ( t ) dt
∞
−st

where we assume at present that the parameter s is real. Later it


will be found useful to consider s complex.
History: Developed by Pierre-Simon Laplace in the 18th century,
it became significant in the 20th century because of its use in
systems theory and differential equations.
Purpose: The goal is to simplify analysis and solutions by offering
a way to convert differential equations into algebraic equations.

Applications of Laplace Transform:


1. Solving Differential Equations
 Converts differential equations into algebraic equations that
are easier to solve.
 Widely used in initial value problems, especially in systems
described by linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
and partial differential equations (PDEs)
2. Circuit Analysis in Electrical Engineering
 Analyzes transient and steady-state behavior in electrical
circuits involving resistors (R), inductors (L), and capacitors
(C).
 Helps in understanding how circuits behave over time when
subjected to varying inputs like sine waves or step inputs.
3. Probability and Statistics
 Used in the study of random variables, especially for
determining the distribution of sums of independent random
variables.
 Plays a key role in the analysis of stochastic processes.
4. Heat Transfer and Diffusion
 Solves heat equations in engineering by transforming spatial
and time variables.
 Useful in modeling diffusion processes.
5. Economics and Population Dynamics
 Models exponential growth/decay phenomena like population
growth, radioactive decay, or economic forecasting.

Elementary Functions and their Laplace


Transforms:
 1. Constant Function: F(t)=1 ;

ℒ {1} = s , s>0
1

 2. Exponential Function: F(t)= e at ;

L {e }
1
at
= s−a , s>a

 3. Sine and Cosine Functions: F(t) = sin(ωt) and cos(ωt)

ℒ{sin(ωt)} =
ω
2+ω2
¿
s ¿
ℒ{cos(ωt)} =
s
2 2
s +ω

 4. Unit Step Function (Heaviside Function)


Provides insight into piecewise functions for control theory
and systems modeling.

Inverse Laplace Transformation


Definition: The process of retrieving the original function
f(t) from its Laplace transform F(s).
 Example:
s+ 3
Consider F(s)= 2
s + 4 s+13
The inverse transform, using known formulas, would yield a
time-domain solution f(t).

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