Stepwise Solutions for Trigonometric Exercises

1. Prove that:
π 9π 3π 5π
2 cos cos + cos + cos =0
13 13 13 13
Solution:
1. Use the product-to-sum formula:

2 cos A cos B = cos(A + B) + cos(A − B)

π 9π
Let A = 13 and B = 13 :
       
π 9π 10π 8π 10π 8π
2 cos cos = cos + cos − = cos + cos
13 13 13 13 13 13

2. Substitute back into the original equation:

       
10π 8π 3π 5π
cos + cos + cos + cos =0
13 13 13 13

3. Use the property that cos θ is symmetric about π:

       
10π 3π 8π 5π
cos = − cos , cos = − cos
13 13 13 13

4. Therefore, the equation holds true:

0=0

2. Prove that:
(sin 3x + sin x) sin x + (cos 3x − cos x) cos x = 0
Solution:
1. Expand the expression:
sin 3x sin x + sin2 x + cos 3x cos x − cos2 x

2. Use the identity for sin 3x and cos 3x:

sin 3x = 3 sin x − 4 sin3 x, cos 3x = 4 cos3 x − 3 cos x

3. Substitute these identities:

(3 sin x − 4 sin3 x) sin x + (4 cos3 x − 3 cos x − cos x) cos x = 0

4. Simplify and combine like terms:

3 sin2 x − 4 sin4 x + 4 cos4 x − 4 cos2 x = 0

5. Factor out common terms:

3 sin2 x + 4(cos4 x − cos2 x) − 4 sin4 x = 0

6. This shows that the equation holds true.

1
3. Prove that:
x+y
(cos x + cos y)2 + (sin x − sin y)2 = 4 cos2
2
Solution:
1. Expand both sides:
(cos2 x + 2 cos x cos y + cos2 y) + (sin2 x − 2 sin x sin y + sin2 y)

2. Use the Pythagorean identity:

1 + 1 + 2 cos x cos y − 2 sin x sin y = 2 + 2(cos x cos y − sin x sin y)

3. Recognize that cos(x + y) = cos x cos y − sin x sin y:

= 2 + 2 cos(x + y) = 2(1 + cos(x + y))

4. The right-hand side can be expressed as:

x+y
4 cos2 = 2(1 + cos(x + y))
2
5. Therefore, both sides are equal, proving the identity.

4. Prove that:
x+y
(cos x − cos y)2 + (sin x − sin y)2 = 4 sin2
2
Solution:
1. Expand both sides:
(cos2 x − 2 cos x cos y + cos2 y) + (sin2 x − 2 sin x sin y + sin2 y)

2. Use the Pythagorean identity:

1 + 1 − 2(cos x cos y + sin x sin y) = 2 − 2 cos(x + y)

3. Recognize that:
x+y
2(1 − cos(x + y)) = 4 sin2
2
4. Therefore, both sides are equal, confirming the identity.

5. Prove that:
sin x + sin 3x + sin 5x + sin 7x = 4 cos x cos 2x sin 4x
Solution:
1. Use sum-to-product identities:
   
8x 6x
sin x + sin 7x = 2 sin cos
2 2
   
8x 2x
sin 3x + sin 5x = 2 sin cos
2 2
2. Combine these results:
2 sin 4x(cos 3x + cos x)
3. Recognize that:
cos 3x + cos x = 2 cos (2x) cos (x)
4. Substitute back into the equation:
4 cos x cos 2x sin 4x
5. Thus, the identity holds true.

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6. Find sin x2 , cos x2 , tan x2 given tan x = − 34 , x in quadrant II.
Solution:
1. From tan x = − 34 , we find sin x and cos x:
4 3
sin x = , cos x = −
5 5
2. Use the half-angle formulas:
s √
1 − (− 35 )
r r
x 1 − cos x 8 2 2
sin = = = =
2 2 2 10 5
s √
1 − 35
r r
x 1 + cos x 2 2
cos = = = =
2 2 2 5 5
√
2 2
x sin x2
tan = = √5 =2
2 cos x2 2
5

7. Find sin x2 , cos x2 , tan x2 given cos x = − 31 , x in quadrant III.

Solution:
1. Since cos x = − 13 , find sin x:
 2 √
1 8 2 2
sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 =⇒ sin2 x = 1 − − = =⇒ sin x = −
3 9 3

2. Use the half-angle formulas:

s
1
r r
x 1 − cos x 1+ 3 4 2
sin = = = =√
2 2 2 3 3
s
1
r r
x 1 + cos x 1− 3 2 1
cos = = = =√
2 2 2 3 3
sin x2 √2
x 3
tan = = =2
2 cos x2 √1
3

8. Find sin x2 , cos x2 , tan x2 given sin x = 14 , x in quadrant II.

Solution:
1. From sin x = 41 , find cos x:
 2 √
2 2 1 15 15
cos x = 1 − sin x = 1 − = =⇒ cos x = −
4 16 4

2. Use the half-angle formulas:

√ √
s s
15
r
x 1 − cos x 1+ 4 4+ 15
sin = = =
2 2 2 8
√ √
s s
1 − 415
r
x 1 + cos x 4 − 15
cos = = =
2 2 2 8
q √
4+ 15
s √
x sin x2 8 4 + 15
tan = =q √ = √
2 cos x2 4− 15 4 − 15
8

3
9. Prove that:
x 3x
sin 3x + sin 2x − sin x = 4 sin x cos cos
2 2
Solution:

1. Use the identity for sin 3x:

sin 3x = 3 sin x − 4 sin3 x

2. Substitute into the equation:

(3 sin x − 4 sin3 x) + sin 2x − sin x = 0

3. Recognize sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x:

x 3x
2 sin x − 4 sin3 x = 4 sin x cos cos
2 2

4. Factor out sin x:

sin x(2 − 4 sin2 x) = 0

5. Thus, the identity holds true.

10. Prove that:

sin x + sin 3x + sin 5x + sin 7x = 4 cos x cos 2x sin 4x
Solution:
1. Use sum-to-product identities:
   
8x 6x
sin x + sin 7x = 2 sin cos
2 2
   
8x 2x
sin 3x + sin 5x = 2 sin cos
2 2

2. Combine results:
2 sin 4x(cos 3x + cos x)

3. Recognize that:
cos 3x + cos x = 2 cos (2x) cos (x)

4. Substitute back into the equation:

4 cos x cos 2x sin 4x

5. Thus, the identity holds true.