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Math 215 Chapter 7: Trigonometric Identities and Conditional Equations/Section Topics: 1-5

Verify Identity

1. (sinx + cosx)2 = 1 + 2sinxcosx

cos2 x−sin2 x
2. sinxcosx = cotx − tanx

3cos2 z+5sinz−5 3sinz−2

3. cos2 z
= 1+sinz

4. tan( Π2 − x) = cotx

sin(x−y)
5. tanx − tany = cosxcosy

2
cot x−1
6. cot2x = 2cotx

7. cos2 2x = 1+cosx
2

cosx−cosy x−y
8. sinx+siny = − tan 2

Math 125
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Evaluate Using Appropriate Identities

9. cos105° − cos15°

10. sin22° cos38° + cos22° sin38°

11. sec75°

Find exact solutions over the indicated intervals

12. 2cosx − 1 = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2Π

13. sin2 x + 2cosx = − 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2Π

14. 2sin2 2x − 3sin 2x + 1 = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2Π

15. tanx − √3 = 0, all real x

Math 125
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Solutions

1. (sinx + cosx)2 = 1 + 2sinxcosx ​ Factor left side of equation

(sinx + cosx)(sinx + cosx) = 1 + 2sinxcosx Simplify

sin2 x + 2sinxcosx + cos2 x = 1 + 2sinxcosx Simplify

sin2 x + cos2 x + 2sinxcosx = 1 + 2sinxcosx Use pythagorean identity

1 + 2sinxcosx = 1 + 2sinxcosx Proven equal

cos2 x−sin2 x
2. sinxcosx = cotx − tanx Factor left side of equation
(cosx+sinx)(cosx−sinx)
sinxcosx = cotx − tanx
cosx+sinx cosx−sinx
sinx × cosx = cotx − tanx ​ Separated the fraction using Multiplication

( cosx
sinx +
sinx
sinx )
cosx
× ( cosx − sinx
cosx ) ​
= cotx − tanx Separated the fractions using addition and subtraction

(cotx + 1)(1 − tanx) = cotx − tanx Simplified fractions

cotx − cotx tanx + 1 − tanx = cotx − tanx Foiled left side of equation

cotx − 1 + 1 − tanx = cotx − tanx Simplified cotx tanx=1

cotx − tanx = cotx − tanx Proven equal

Math 125
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3cos2 z+5sinz−5 3sinz−2
3. cos2 z
= 1+sinz Use cos2 z = 1 − sin2 z to substitute left side
3(1−sin2 z)+5sinz−5 3sinz−2
1−sin2 z
= 1+sinz ​ Simplify

3−3sin2 z+5sinz−5 3sinz−2

1−sin2 z
= 1+sinz Simplify

−3sin2 z+5sinz−2 3sinz−2

1−sin2 z
= 1+sinz ​
Simplify
−(3sinz−2)(sinz−1) 3sinz−2
(1+sinz)(1−sinz) = 1+sinz ​ Distribute -1 to (sinz-1)
(3sinz−2)(−sinz+1) 3sinz−2
(1+sinz)(1−sinz) = 1+sinz Cancel out (-sinz+1) and (1-sinz)

3sinz−2 3sinz−2
(1+sinz ) = 1+sinz ​
Proven equal

4. tan( Π2 − x) = cotx
sin( Π2 −x)
cos( Π2 −x)
= cotx ​
Convert tan to cos and sin on left side

sin Π2 cosx−cos Π2 sinx

cos Π2 cosx+sin Π2 sinx
= cotx ​
Used sin and cos difference identities

cosx
sinx = cotx ​
Simplify

cotx = cotx ​
Proven equal

sin(x−y)
5. tanx − tany = cosxcosy

sinx siny sin(x−y)

cosx − cosy = cosxcosy ​
Converted tan to sin and cos on left side
sinxcosy cosxsiny sin(x−y)
cosxcosy − cosxcosy = cosxcosy ​ Found common denominator on left side

Math 125
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sinxcosy−cosxsiny sin(x−y)
cosxcosy = cosxcosy ​
Use difference identity on left side
sin(x−y) sin(x−y)
cosxcosy = cosxcosy ​ Proven equal

2
cot x−1
6. cot2x = 2cotx
2
cos2x cot x−1
sin2x = 2cotx ​ Converted cot to sin and cos on left side
2
cos2 x−sin2 x cot x−1
2sinxcosx = 2cotx ​
Used double angle identities
cos2 x
−1
cos2 x−sin2 x sin2 x
2sinxcosx = 2cosx Converted cot to sin and cos on right side
sinx

cos2 x sin2 x
−
cos2 x−sin2 x sin2 x sin2 x
2sinxcosx = 2cosx Found common denominator on right side
sinx

cos2 x−sin2 x
cos2 x−sin2 x sin2 x
2sinxcosx = 2cosx Simplify
sinx

cos2 x−sin2 x cos2 x−sin2 x sinx

2sinxcosx = sin2 x × 2cosx Multiply by the reciprocal
cos2 x−sin2 x cos2 x−sin2 x
2sinxcosx = 2sinxcosx Proven equal

7. cos2 2x = 1+cosx
2

√ 1+cosx 2 1+cosx
(± 2 ) = 2 ​
Use half angle identity on left side

1+cosx 1+cosx
2 = 2 Proven equal

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cosx−cosy x−y
8. sinx+siny = − tan 2
x+y x−y
−2sin( )sin( 2 ) x−y
2
x+y x−y
2cos( 2 )sin( 2 )
= − tan 2 ​
Use sum to product identity on left side
x+y
−sin( ) x−y
2
x+y
cos( 2 )
= − tan 2 Simplify

x−y x−y
− tan 2 = − tan 2 Proven equal

9. cos105° − cos15°

cos(150° − 45° ) − cos(60° − 45° )

cos150° cos45° + sin150° sin45° − (cos60° cos45° + sin60° sin45° )

−√3 √2 1 √2 1 √2 √3 √2
2 × 2 + 2 × 2 − 2 × 2 − 2 × 2

√6
− 2

10. sin22° cos38° + cos22° sin38° ​

Use Sum identity

sin(22° + 38° )

sin(60° )
√3
2

11. sec75°
1
cos75°

Math 125
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1
cos(45° +30° )

1
cos45° cos30° −sin45° sin30°

1
√2 √3 √2 1
2 × 2 − 2 ×2

4
√6−√2

12. 2cosx − 1 = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2Π Isolate X

2cosx = 1

cosx = 1/2 ​
Use unit circle

x = Π3 , 5Π
3

13. sin2 x + 2cosx = − 2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2Π

(1 − cos2 x) + 2cosx = − 2 ​
Isolate X

− cos2 x + 2cosx + 1 = − 2

− cos2 x + 2cosx + 3 = 0

cos2 x − 2cosx − 3 = 0

(cosx + 1)(cosx − 3) = 0

cosx + 1 = 0, cosx − 3 = 0

cosx = − 1, cosx = 3 ​
Use unit circle

x=Π

Math 125
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14. 2sin2 2x − 3sin 2x + 1 = 0, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2Π

(2sin 2x − 1)(sin 2x − 1) = 0 ​
Factored equation

2sin 2x − 1 = 0, sin 2x − 1 = 0

2sin 2x = 1, sin 2x = 1

sin 2x = 12 , sin 2x = 1 Use unit circle

x = Π, x = Π3 & 5Π
3

15. tanx − √3 = 0, all real x

tanx = √3
Π
x= 3 + Πn

Math 125
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