CLASS XI

MATHS

TOPIC: TRIGNOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

ASSIGNMENT 3-SOLUTIONS

1. 2 𝜋
If cos⁡ 𝐴 = 3 and 0 < 𝐴 < 2 , then find the
value of
(i) sin⁡ 2 A
(ii) cos⁡ 2𝐴
(iii) tan⁡ 2𝐴
2 𝜋
SOLUTION: Given, cos⁡ 𝐴 = 3, where 0 < 𝐴 < 2

∴ ⁡sin⁡ 𝐴⁡= √1 − cos2 ⁡ 𝐴

4 √5
⁡= √1 − =
9 3

sin⁡ 𝐴 √5/3 √5
and tan⁡ 𝐴 = cos⁡ 𝐴 = =
2/3 2

(i) sin⁡ 2𝐴 = 2sin⁡ 𝐴cos⁡ 𝐴

√5 2 4√5
=2× × =
3 3 9
(ii) cos⁡ 2𝐴 = 2cos2 ⁡ 𝐴 − 1

2 2
⁡= 2 ( ) − 1
3
4
⁡= 2 × − 1
9
8 1
⁡= − 1 = −
9 9
2tan⁡ 𝐴 2(√5/2)
(iii) tan⁡ 2𝐴 = 1−tan2⁡ 𝐴 = 1−(√5/2)2

√5 4√5
⁡= =
1 − 5/4 4 − 5
⁡= −4√5

1
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
2. 1 𝜋
If sin⁡ 𝑥 = 3, where 0 < 𝑥 < 2 , then find the value of
(i) sin⁡ 3𝑥
(ii) cos⁡ 3𝑥
(iii) tan⁡ 3𝑥
1
SOLUTION: Given, sin⁡ 𝑥 = 3

1 2 2√2
√ 2 √
∴ ⁡cos⁡ 𝑥⁡= 1 − sin ⁡ 𝑥 = 1 − ( ) =
3 3
sin⁡ 𝑥 1/3 1
and ⁡tan⁡ 𝑥⁡= = =
cos⁡ 𝑥 2√2/3 2√2

(i) sin⁡ 3𝑥 = 3sin⁡ 𝑥 − 4sin3 ⁡ 𝑥

1 1 3 4 23
= 3( ) − 4( ) = 1 − =
3 3 27 27
(ii) cos⁡ 3𝑥 = 4cos3 ⁡ 𝑥 − 3cos⁡ 𝑥
3
2√2 2√2
⁡= 4 ( ) − 3( )
3 3
64√2 10√2
⁡= − 2√2 =
27 27
1 1 3
3tan⁡ 𝑥−tan3 ⁡ 𝑥 3( )−( )
2√2 2√2
(iii) tan⁡ 3𝑥 = = 1 2
1−3tan2 ⁡ 𝑥 1−3( )
2√2

3 1
−
2√2 16√2 24 − 1 𝑠 23
= = × =
3 16√2 5 10√2
1−𝑠

3. Find the value of √3cosec⁡ 20∘ − sec⁡ 20∘ .

SOLUTION: We have, √3cosec⁡ 20∘ − sec⁡ 20∘

 √3 1 √3cos⁡ 20∘ − sin⁡ 20∘
⁡= − =
sin⁡ 20∘ cos⁡ 20∘ sin⁡ 20∘ cos⁡ 20∘
√3 1
2 ( 2 cos⁡ 20∘ − 2 sin⁡ 20∘ )
⁡= .
sin⁡ 20∘ cos⁡ 20∘
2(sin⁡ 60∘ cos⁡ 20∘ − cos⁡ 60∘ sin⁡ 20∘ )
⁡=
sin⁡ 20∘ cos⁡ 20∘
√3 1
⁡ [∵ sin⁡ 60∘ = and cos⁡ 60∘ = ]
2 2
∘ ∘)
2sin⁡(60 − 20
⁡=
sin⁡ 20∘ cos⁡ 20∘
2sin⁡ 40∘ 4sin⁡ 20∘ cos⁡ 20∘
⁡= =
sin⁡ 20∘ cos⁡ 20∘ sin⁡ 20∘ cos⁡ 20∘
=4

4. If 𝑎sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑏cos⁡ 𝜃, then find the value of sin⁡ 2𝜃.

SOLUTION: Given, 𝑎sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑏cos⁡ 𝜃

sin⁡ 𝜃 𝑏 𝑏 sin⁡ 𝜃
⇒⁡ = ⇒ tan⁡ 𝜃 = ⁡ [∵ tan⁡ 𝜃 = ]
cos⁡ 𝜃 𝑎 𝑎 cos⁡ 𝜃
𝑏
2tan⁡ 𝜃 2×𝑎
∴ sin⁡ 2𝜃 = =
1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝜃 𝑏 2
1 + (𝑎)
2𝑏 2𝑏
2𝑏 𝑎2 2𝑎𝑏
= 𝑎 2 = 2𝑎 2 = × 2 2
= 2
𝑏 𝑎 +𝑏 𝑎 𝑎 +𝑏 𝑎 + 𝑏2
1+ 2 2
𝑎 𝑎
5. 𝑏
If tan⁡ 𝑥 = 𝑎, then find the value of⁡𝑎cos⁡ 2𝑥 + 𝑏sin⁡ 2𝑥.

𝑏
SOLUTION: We have, tan⁡ 𝑥 = 𝑎

1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝑥 2tan⁡ 𝑥
𝑎cos⁡ 2𝑥 + 𝑏sin⁡ 2𝑥⁡= 𝑎 ( 2
)+𝑏( )
1 + tan ⁡ 𝑥 1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝑥
𝑏2 𝑏
1− 2 2
⁡= 𝑎 ( 𝑎 )+𝑏( 𝑎 )
𝑏2 𝑏2
1+ 2 1+ 2
𝑎 𝑎
2 2) 2
𝑎(𝑎 − 𝑏 2𝑏 𝑎
⁡= +
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
𝑎(𝑎 − 𝑏 + 2𝑏 2 ) 𝑎(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 )
2 2
⁡= = =𝑎
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

3
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
6. Prove that

(i) cos⁡ 4𝑥 = 1 − 8sin2 ⁡ 𝑥cos2 ⁡ 𝑥.

1−cos⁡ 2𝑥
(ii) = tan⁡ 𝑥
sin⁡ 2𝑥

1−sin⁡ 2𝑥 𝜋
(iii) 1+sin⁡ 2𝑥 = tan2 ⁡ ( 4 − 𝑥)

1+sin⁡ 2𝑥−cos⁡ 2𝑥
(iv) 1+sin⁡ 2𝑥+cos⁡ 2𝑥 = tan⁡ 𝑥

SOLUTION: (i) LHS = cos⁡ 4𝑥 = 1 − 2sin2 ⁡ 2𝑥[∵ cos⁡ 2𝑥 = 1 − 2sin2 ⁡ 𝑥]

⁡= 1 − 2(sin⁡ 2𝑥)2
⁡= 1 − 2(2sin⁡ 𝑥 ⋅ cos⁡ 𝑥)2 ⁡[∵ sin⁡ 2𝑥 = 2sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥]
⁡= 1 − 8 sin2 𝑥 ⋅ cos2 𝑥 = RHS
Hence proved.

1−cos⁡ 2𝑥 1−(1−2sin2 ⁡ 𝑥)
(ii) LHS = =
sin⁡ 2𝑥 2sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥

2 sin2 𝑥
= = tan 𝑥 = RHS
2 sin xcos 𝑥
Hence proved.
1−sin⁡ 2𝑥 cos2 ⁡ 𝑥+sin2 ⁡ 𝑥−2sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥
(iii) LHS = 1+sin⁡ 2𝑥 = cos2⁡ 𝑥+sin2⁡ 𝑥+2sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥

(cos⁡ 𝑥 − sin⁡ 𝑥)2 cos⁡ 𝑥 − sin⁡ 𝑥 2

⁡= =( )
(cos⁡ 𝑥 + sin⁡ 𝑥)2 cos⁡ 𝑥 + sin⁡ 𝑥
sin⁡ 𝑥 2
1 − cos⁡ 𝑥 1 − tan⁡ 𝑥 2
⁡= ( ) =( )
sin⁡ 𝑥 1 + tan⁡ 𝑥
1 + cos⁡ 𝑥
2
𝜋
tan⁡ 4 − tan⁡ 𝑥 𝜋
2
⁡= ( 𝜋 ) = tan ⁡ ( − 𝑥) = RHS
1 + tan⁡ 4 tan⁡ 𝑥 4

Hence proved.
1+sin⁡ 2𝑥−cos⁡ 2𝑥
(iv) LHS = 1+sin⁡ 2𝑥+cos⁡ 2𝑥
 1 − cos⁡ 2𝑥 + sin⁡ 2𝑥
⁡=
1 + cos⁡ 2𝑥 + sin⁡ 2𝑥
1 − (1 − 2sin2 ⁡ 𝑥) + 2sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥
⁡=
1 + (2cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 1) + 2sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥
2sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 + 2sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥
⁡=
2cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 + 2sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥
2sin⁡ 𝑥(sin⁡ 𝑥 + cos⁡ 𝑥)
⁡= = tan⁡ 𝑥 = RHS
2cos⁡ 𝑥(sin⁡ 𝑥 + cos⁡ 𝑥)

7. 1 1 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
If tan⁡ 𝛼 = and sin⁡ 𝛽 = , then prove that 𝛼 + 2𝛽 = , where 0 < 𝛼 < and 0 < 𝛽 < .
7 √10 4 2 2

1 𝜋 1
SOLUTION: Given, sin⁡ 𝛽 = ,0 < 𝛽 < and tan⁡ 𝛼 = 7
√10 2

⇒ ⁡cos⁡ 𝛽⁡= +√1 − sin2 ⁡ 𝛽⁡[∵ 𝛽 lies in I quadrant ]

⁡= √1 − sin2 ⁡ 𝛽
1
⁡= √1 −
10
3
∴ ⁡cos⁡ 𝛽⁡=
√10
1
sin⁡ 𝛽 √10 1
and tan⁡ 𝛽 = cos⁡ 𝛽 = 3 =3
√10

2tan⁡ 𝛽
Now, tan⁡ 2𝛽 = 1−tan2⁡ 𝛽

1
2×3 2/3 2 9 3
tan⁡ 2𝛽 = = = × =
1 8/9 3 8 4
1−9

1 3
tan⁡ 𝛼 + tan⁡ 2𝛽 + 25
⁡∴ tan⁡(𝛼 + 2𝛽) = = 7 4 = =1
1 − tan⁡ 𝛼tan⁡ 2𝛽 1 − 1 × 3 25
7 4
𝜋
⁡⇒ tan⁡(𝛼 + 2𝛽) = 1 ⇒ tan⁡(𝛼 + 2𝛽) = tan⁡
4
𝜋
⁡∴ ⁡(𝛼 + 2𝛽) = ⁡ Hence proved.
4

8. If cos⁡ 𝛼 + cos⁡ 𝛽 = 0 = sin⁡ 𝛼 + sin⁡ 𝛽, then find the value of cos⁡ 2𝛼 + cos⁡ 2𝛽.

SOLUTION: Given, cos⁡ 𝛼 + cos⁡ 𝛽 = 0 and sin⁡ 𝛼 + sin⁡ 𝛽 = 0

On squaring both equations, we get

5
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
 (cos⁡ 𝛼 + cos⁡ 𝛽)2 = 0

and (sin⁡ 𝛼 + sin⁡ 𝛽)2 = 0

On subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get

⁡(cos⁡ 𝛼 + cos⁡ 𝛽)2 − (sin⁡ 𝛼 + sin⁡ 𝛽)2 = 0

⇒ ⁡(cos2 ⁡ 𝛼 + cos2 ⁡ 𝛽 + 2cos⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛽)

−(sin2 ⁡ 𝛼 + sin2 ⁡ 𝛽 + 2sin⁡ 𝛼sin⁡ 𝛽) = 0

[∵ (𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 2𝑎𝑏]
⇒ cos2 ⁡ 𝛼 + cos2 ⁡ 𝛽 + 2cos⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛽 − sin2 ⁡ 𝛼

−sin2 ⁡ 𝛽 − 2sin⁡ 𝛼sin⁡ 𝛽 = 0

⇒ (cos2 ⁡ 𝛼 − sin2 ⁡ 𝛼) + (cos 2 ⁡ 𝛽 − sin2 ⁡ 𝛽)

⇒ cos⁡ 2𝛼 + cos⁡ 2𝛽 + 2cos⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 0

+2[cos⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛽 − sin⁡ 𝛼sin⁡ 𝛽] = 0

∵ cos⁡ 2𝑥 = cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 − sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 and

[ ]
cos⁡ 𝐴cos⁡ 𝐵 − sin⁡ 𝐴sin⁡ 𝐵 = cos⁡(𝐴 + 𝐵)

∴ ⁡cos⁡ 2𝛼 + cos⁡ 2𝛽 = −2cos⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽)

9. Show that

√2 + √2 + √2 + 2cos⁡ 8𝜃 = 2cos⁡ 𝜃.

SOLUTION: LHS = √2 + √2 + √2 + 2cos⁡ 8𝜃

⁡= √2 + √2 + √2(1 + cos⁡ 8𝜃)

⁡= √2 + √2 + √2(1 + 2cos 2 ⁡ 4𝜃 − 1)

⁡= √2 + √2 + √4cos2 ⁡ 4𝜃 = √2 + √2 + 2cos⁡ 4𝜃

⁡= √2 + √2(1 + cos⁡ 4𝜃) = √2 + √2(1 + 2cos 2 ⁡ 2𝜃 − 1)

⁡= √2 + √4cos2 ⁡ 2𝜃 = √2 + 2cos⁡ 2𝜃
⁡= √2(1 + cos2 ⁡ 𝜃) = √2(1 + 2cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 − 1)
⁡= √4 cos2 𝜃 = 2 cos 𝜃 = RHS Hence proved.
10. Prove that sin⁡ 2𝑥 + 2sin⁡ 4𝑥 + sin⁡ 6𝑥 = 4cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 ⋅ sin⁡ 4𝑥.

SOLUTION: L.HS = sin⁡ 2𝑥 + 2sin⁡ 4𝑥 + sin⁡ 6𝑥

⁡= sin⁡ 2𝑥 + sin⁡ 6𝑥 + 2sin⁡ 4𝑥

2𝑥 + 6𝑥 2𝑥 − 6𝑥
⁡= 2sin⁡ ( ) cos⁡ ( ) + 2sin⁡ 4𝑥
2 2
𝐴+𝐵 𝐴−𝐵
⁡ [∵ sin⁡ 𝐴 + sin⁡ 𝐵 = 2sin⁡ ( ) ⋅ cos⁡ ( )]
2 2
⁡= 2sin⁡ 4𝑥 ⋅ cos⁡(−2𝑥) + 2sin⁡ 4𝑥
⁡= 2sin⁡ 4𝑥 ⋅ cos⁡ 2𝑥 + 2sin⁡ 4𝑥⁡[∵ cos⁡(−𝜃) = cos⁡ 𝜃]
⁡= 2sin⁡ 4𝑥(cos⁡ 2𝑥 + 1)
⁡= 2sin⁡ 4𝑥(2cos2 ⁡ 𝑥) = 4sin⁡ 4𝑥 ⋅ cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥
⁡[∵ cos2 ⁡ 2𝑥 = 2cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 1]
⁡= RHS Hence proved.

11. sin⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 3𝑥 sin⁡ 9𝑥 1

Prove that cos⁡ 3𝑥 + cos⁡ 9𝑥 + cos⁡ 27𝑥 = 2 (tan⁡ 27𝑥 − tan⁡ 𝑥).

sin⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 3𝑥 sin⁡ 9𝑥

SOLUTION: LHS = cos⁡ 3𝑥 + cos⁡ 9𝑥 + cos⁡ 27𝑥

1 2sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 2sin⁡ 3𝑥cos⁡ 3𝑥 2sin⁡ 9𝑥cos⁡ 9𝑥

= [ + + ]
2 cos⁡ 3𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 9𝑥cos⁡ 3𝑥 cos⁡ 27𝑥cos⁡ 9𝑥
1 sin⁡ 2𝑥 sin⁡ 6𝑥 sin⁡ 18𝑥
= [ + + ]
2 cos⁡ 3𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 9𝑥cos⁡ 3𝑥 cos⁡ 27𝑥cos⁡ 9𝑥
1 sin⁡(3𝑥 − 𝑥) sin⁡(9𝑥 − 3𝑥) sin⁡(27𝑥 − 9𝑥)
= [ + + ]
2 cos⁡ 3𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 9𝑥cos⁡ 3𝑥 cos⁡ 27𝑥cos⁡ 9𝑥
1 sin⁡ 3𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 − cos⁡ 3𝑥sin⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 9𝑥cos⁡ 3𝑥 − cos⁡ 9𝑥sin⁡ 3𝑥
= [ +
2 cos⁡ 3𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 9𝑥cos⁡ 3𝑥
sin⁡ 27𝑥cos⁡ 9𝑥 − cos⁡ 27𝑥sin⁡ 9𝑥
+ ]
cos⁡ 27𝑥cos⁡ 9𝑥
1
= (tan⁡ 3𝑥 − tan⁡ 𝑥 + tan⁡ 9𝑥 − tan⁡ 3𝑥 + tan⁡ 27𝑥 − tan⁡ 9𝑥)
2
1
= 2 (tan⁡ 27𝑥 − tan⁡ 𝑥) = RHS

Hence proved.

12. 2𝜋 2𝜋 3
Prove that cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos 2 ⁡ (𝑥 + ) + cos2 ⁡ (𝑥 − )=2
3 3

2𝜋 2𝜋
SOLUTION: L.HS = cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos 2 ⁡ (𝑥 + ) + cos2 ⁡ (𝑥 − )
3 3

7
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
 1 2𝜋 2𝜋
⁡= [2cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 + 2cos2 ⁡ (𝑥 + ) + 2cos 2 ⁡ (𝑥 − )]
2 3 3
1 2𝜋 2𝜋
⁡= [1 + cos⁡ 2𝑥 + 1 + cos⁡ 2 (𝑥 + ) + 1 + cos⁡ 2 (𝑥 − )]
2 3 3
1 4𝜋 4𝜋
⁡= [3 + cos⁡ 2𝑥 + cos⁡ (2𝑥 + ) + cos⁡ (2𝑥 − )]
2 3 3
1 4𝜋
⁡= [3 + cos⁡ 2𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 2𝑥cos⁡ ]
2 3
1 𝜋
⁡= [3 + cos⁡ 2𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 2𝑥cos⁡ (𝜋 + )]
2 3
1 𝜋
⁡= [3 + cos⁡ 2𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 2𝑥 (−cos⁡ )]
2 3
1 1
= [3 + cos⁡ 2𝑥 + 2cos⁡ 2𝑥 (− )] ⁡2cos⁡ 𝐴cos⁡ 𝐵]
2 2
1 3
⁡= [3 + cos⁡ 2𝑥 − cos⁡ 2𝑥] = = RHS Hence proved.
2 2
13. 2𝑏
If a cos 2θ + b sin 2θ = c has α and β as its root, then prove that tan⁡ 𝛼 + tan⁡ 𝛽 = 𝑎+𝑐.

SOLUTION: Given, ⁡𝑎cos⁡ 2𝜃 + 𝑏sin⁡ 2𝜃 = 𝑐

1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝜃 2tan⁡ 𝜃
⁡⇒ 𝑎 ( 2
)+𝑏( )=𝑐
1 + tan ⁡ 𝜃 1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝜃
2tan⁡ 𝜃 1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝜃
⁡ [∵ sin⁡ 2𝜃 = and cos⁡ 2𝜃 = ]
1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝜃 1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝜃
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑎(1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝜃) + 2𝑏tan⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑐(1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝜃)
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑎 − 𝑎tan2 ⁡ 𝜃 + 2𝑏tan⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑐 + 𝑐tan2 ⁡ 𝜃
⁡⇒ ⁡(𝑎 + 𝑐)tan2 ⁡ 𝜃 − 2𝑏tan⁡ 𝜃 + 𝑐 − 𝑎 = 0

Since, this equation has tan⁡ 𝛼 and tan⁡ 𝛽 as its roots.

−(−2𝑏) 2𝑏
∴ tan⁡ 𝛼 + tan⁡ 𝛽 = =
𝑎+𝑐 𝑎+𝑐
Hence proved.

14. 2𝜋 4𝜋 8𝜋 16𝜋 1
Prove that cos⁡ 15 cos⁡ 15 cos⁡ 15 cos⁡ = 16
15

2𝜋 4𝜋 8𝜋 16𝜋
SOLUTION: LHS = cos⁡ 15 cos⁡ 15 cos⁡ 15 cos⁡ .
15

= cos⁡ 24∘ cos⁡ 48∘ cos⁡ 96∘ cos⁡ 192∘

1
= ∘
[(2sin⁡ 24∘ cos⁡ 24∘ )
16sin⁡ 24
(2cos⁡ 48∘ )(2cos⁡ 96∘ )(2cos⁡ 192∘ )]

. [∵ 2sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 = sin⁡ 2𝜃]

 1
= ∘
[2sin⁡ 48∘ cos⁡ 48∘ (2cos⁡ 96∘ )(2cos⁡ 192∘ )]
16sin⁡ 24
1
= [(2sin⁡ 96∘ cos⁡ 96∘ )(2cos⁡ 192∘ )]
16sin⁡ 24∘
1
= (2sin⁡ 192∘ cos⁡ 192∘ )
16sin⁡ 24∘
1 ∘
sin⁡(360∘ + 24∘ )
⁡= sin⁡ 384 =
16sin⁡ 24∘ 16sin⁡ 24∘
1
⁡= = RHS ⁡ Hence proved.
16
15. 4tan⁡ 𝑥(1−tan2 ⁡ 𝑥)
Prove that tan⁡ 4𝑥 = 1−6tan2⁡ 𝑥+tan4⁡ 𝑥.

2tan⁡ 2𝑥
SOLUTION: LHS = tan⁡ 4𝑥 = tan⁡ 2(2𝑥) = 1−tan2⁡ 2𝑥

2tan⁡ 𝑥
2
⁡= 1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝑥
2tan⁡ 𝑥 2
1−( )
1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝑥
4tan⁡ 𝑥 (1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝑥)2
⁡= ×
1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝑥 (1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝑥)2 − 4tan2 ⁡ 𝑥
4tan⁡ 𝑥(1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝑥)
⁡=
1 + tan4 ⁡ 𝑥 − 2tan2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 4tan2 ⁡ 𝑥
4tan2 ⁡(1 − tan2 ⁡ 𝑥)
⁡= = RHS Hen
1 − 6tan2 ⁡ 𝑥 + tan4 ⁡ 𝑥
Hence proved.

16. Prove that⁡cot⁡ 𝐴 + cot⁡(60∘ + 𝐴) − cot⁡(60∘ − 𝐴) = 3cot⁡ 3𝐴.

SOLUTION: LHS = cot⁡ 𝐴 + cot⁡(60∘ + 𝐴) − cot⁡(60∘ − 𝐴)

9
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
 1 1 1
⁡= + −
tan⁡ 𝐴 tan⁡(60∘ + 𝐴) tan⁡(60∘ − 𝐴)
1 1 1
⁡= + ∘ − ∘
tan⁡ 𝐴 tan⁡ 60 + tan⁡ 𝐴 tan⁡ 60 − tan⁡ 𝐴
1 − tan⁡ 60∘ tan⁡ 𝐴 1 + tan⁡ 60∘ tan⁡ 𝐴
1 1 − √3tan⁡ 𝐴 1 + √3tan⁡ 𝐴
⁡= + −
tan⁡ 𝐴 √3 + tan⁡ 𝐴 √3 − tan⁡ 𝐴
tan⁡ 𝐴 ± tan⁡ 𝐵
[∵ tan⁡(𝐴 ± 𝐵) = and⁡ tan⁡ 60∘ = √3]
1 ∓ tan⁡ 𝐴tan⁡ 𝐵
1 8tan⁡ 𝐴 3 − 9tan2 ⁡ 𝐴
⁡= − =
tan⁡ 𝐴 3 − tan2 ⁡ 𝐴 3tan⁡ 𝐴 − tan3 ⁡ 𝐴
1 − 3tan2 ⁡ 𝐴 3
⁡= 3 ( ) = = 3cot⁡ 3𝐴 = RHS
3tan⁡ 𝐴 − tan3 ⁡ 𝐴 tan⁡ 3𝐴

Hence proved.

17. Prove that cos⁡ 6𝑥 = 32cos6 ⁡ 𝑥 − 48cos4 ⁡ 𝑥 + 18cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 1.

SOLUTION: We know that cos⁡ 3𝑥 = 4cos3 ⁡ 𝑥 − 3cos⁡ 𝑥

On replacing 𝑥 by 2𝑥, we get cos⁡ 3(2𝑥) = 4cos 3 ⁡(2𝑥) − 3cos⁡ 2𝑥

⇒ ⁡cos⁡ 6𝑥 = 4(2cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 1)3 − 3(2cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 1)

[∵ cos⁡ 2𝑥 = 2cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 1]
= 4[8cos 6 ⁡ 𝑥 − 12cos4 ⁡ 𝑥 + 6cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 1] − 6cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 + 3
[∵ (𝑎 − 𝑏)3 = 𝑎3 − 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑏 3 ]
= 32cos 6 ⁡ 𝑥 − 48cos4 ⁡ 𝑥 + 24cos 2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 4 − 6cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 + 3
⇒ cos⁡ 6𝑥 = 32cos6 ⁡ 𝑥 − 48cos 4 ⁡ 𝑥 + 18cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 1
Hence proved.

18. Prove that cos⁡ 5𝐴 = 16cos5 ⁡ 𝐴 − 20cos3 ⁡ 𝐴 + 5cos⁡ 𝐴.

cos⁡ 5𝐴 = 16cos5 ⁡ 𝐴 − 20cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴 + 5cos⁡ 𝐴.

SOLUTION: LHS = cos⁡ 5𝐴 = cos⁡(3𝐴 + 2𝐴)

 ⁡= cos⁡ 3𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 2𝐴 − sin⁡ 3𝐴 ⋅ sin⁡ 2𝐴
[∵ cos⁡(𝐴 + 𝐵) = cos⁡ 𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 𝐵 − sin⁡ 𝐴 ⋅ sin⁡ 𝐵]
⁡= (4cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴 − 3cos⁡ 𝐴)(2cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴 − 1)
- (3sin⁡ 𝐴 − 4sin3 ⁡ 𝐴)(2sin⁡ 𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 𝐴)
[∵ cos⁡ 3𝑥 = 4cos 3 ⁡ 𝑥 − 3cos⁡ 𝑥,
sin⁡ 3𝑥 = 3sin⁡ 𝑥 − 4sin3 ⁡ 𝑥,
cos⁡ 2𝑥 = 2cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 − 1 and sin⁡ 2𝑥 = 2sin⁡ 𝑥 ⋅ cos⁡ 𝑥]
⁡= (4cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴 − 3cos⁡ 𝐴)(2cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴 − 1)
- (3 − 4sin2 ⁡ 𝐴)(2sin2 ⁡ 𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 𝐴)
⁡= (4cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴 − 3cos⁡ 𝐴)(2cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴 − 1)
⁡−[3 − 4(1 − cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴)] × [2(1 − cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴) ⋅ cos⁡ 𝐴]
[∵ sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 = 1 ⇒ sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 = 1 − cos2 ⁡ 𝑥]
⁡= (8cos 5 ⁡ 𝐴 − 4cos3 ⁡ 𝐴 − 6cos3 ⁡ 𝐴 + 3cos⁡ 𝐴)
⁡−(3 − 4 + 4cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴) × 2cos⁡ 𝐴(1 − cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴)
⁡= (8cos 5 ⁡ 𝐴 − 10cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴 + 3cos⁡ 𝐴)
⁡−2cos⁡ 𝐴(1 − cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴) × (4cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴 − 1)
⁡= (8cos 5 ⁡ 𝐴 − 10cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴 + 3cos⁡ 𝐴)
⁡−2cos⁡ 𝐴(4cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴 − 1 − 4cos 4 ⁡ 𝐴 + cos2 ⁡ 𝐴)
⁡= (8cos 5 ⁡ 𝐴 − 10cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴 + 3cos⁡ 𝐴)
⁡−2cos⁡ 𝐴(5cos 2 ⁡ 𝐴 − 4cos 4 ⁡ 𝐴 − 1)
⁡= 8cos5 ⁡ 𝐴 − 10cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴 + 3cos⁡ 𝐴 − 10cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴
⁡+8cos 5 ⁡ 𝐴 + 2cos⁡ 𝐴
⁡= 16cos5 ⁡ 𝐴 − 20cos 3 ⁡ 𝐴 + 5cos⁡ 𝐴
⁡= RHS
19. sin⁡ 2𝑛 𝐴
Prove that cos⁡ 𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 2𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 22 𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 23 𝐴 … cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴 = 2𝑛sin⁡ 𝐴

SOLUTION: LHS = cos⁡ 𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 2𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 22 𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 23 𝐴 … cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴

1
= [(2sin⁡ 𝐴cos⁡ 𝐴)cos⁡ 2𝐴cos⁡ 22 𝐴
2sin⁡ 𝐴
⋅ cos⁡ 23 𝐴 … cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴]

1
= [(sin⁡ 2𝐴cos⁡ 2𝐴) ⋅ cos⁡ 22 𝐴cos⁡ 23 𝐴
2sin⁡ 𝐴
… cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴]
1
= 22 sin⁡ 𝐴 [(2sin⁡ 2𝐴cos⁡ 2𝐴)cos⁡ 22 𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 23 𝐴 … cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴]

1
= 22 sin⁡ 𝐴 [(sin⁡ 22 𝐴cos⁡ 22 𝐴)cos⁡ 23 𝐴 … cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴] =
1 1
[(2sin⁡ 22 𝐴cos⁡ 22 𝐴)cos⁡ 23 𝐴 … cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴] = [sin⁡ 23 𝐴cos⁡ 23 𝐴 … cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴]
23 sin⁡ 𝐴 23 sin⁡ 𝐴

11
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
 Proceeding in this manner, we get

1
LHS ⁡= [sin⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴 ⋅ cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴]
2𝑛−1 sin⁡ 𝐴
1
⁡= [2sin⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴cos⁡ 2𝑛−1 𝐴]
2𝑛 sin⁡ 𝐴
1
⁡= sin⁡ 2𝑛 𝐴 = RHS ⁡ Hence proved.
2𝑛 sin⁡ 𝐴
𝑥 𝑥
20. Prove that cot⁡ 2 − tan⁡ 2 = 2cot⁡ 𝑥.
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 cos⁡ sin⁡
2 2
SOLUTION: LHS = cot⁡ 2 − tan⁡ 2 = 𝑥 − 𝑥
sin⁡ cos⁡
2 2

𝑥 𝑥
cos2 ⁡ 2 − sin2 ⁡ 2
⁡= 𝑥 𝑥
sin⁡ 2 cos⁡ 2
cos⁡ 𝑥 2
𝑥 2
𝑥
⁡= 𝑥 𝑥 ⁡ [∵ cos ⁡ 2 − sin ⁡ 2 = cos⁡ 𝑥]
sin⁡ 2 cos⁡ 2
2cos⁡ 𝑥 2cos⁡ 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
⁡= 𝑥 𝑥 = ⁡ [∵ 2sin⁡ cos⁡ = sin⁡ 𝑥]
2sin⁡ 2 cos⁡ 2 sin⁡ 𝑥 2 2
⁡= 2cot⁡ 𝑥 = RHS
Hence proved.

21. 3 3𝜋 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
If tan⁡ 𝑥 = 4 , 𝜋 < 𝑥 < , find the values of sin⁡ 2 , cos⁡ 2 , tan⁡ 2
2

3 3𝜋
SOLUTION: Given, tan⁡ 𝑥 = 4 , 𝜋 < 𝑥 < 2

[NCERT]

1
∵ ⁡cos⁡ 𝑥⁡= ±
√1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝑥
1
∴ ⁡cos⁡ 𝑥⁡= − [∵ 𝑥 lies in IIIrd quadrant ]
√1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝑥
1 4 4
⁡= − =− =−
√25 5
√1 + 9
16

𝑥 1+cos⁡ 𝑥
Now, cos⁡ 2 = −√ 2

4
√1 − 5 1
=− =−
2 √10
3𝜋 𝜋 𝑥 3𝜋
∵𝜋<𝑥< ⇒ < <
[ 2 2 2 4]
𝑥 𝑥
⇒ cos⁡ < 0, sin⁡ > 0
2 2
 𝑥 1 − cos⁡ 𝑥 1 + 4/5 9 3
sin⁡ =√ =√ =√ =
2 2 2 10 √10

𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥/2 3/√10

and tan⁡ 2 = cos⁡ 𝑥/2 = −1/√10 = −3

𝜋
22. Find the value of tan⁡ 8

𝜋
SOLUTION: We have, tan⁡ 8

𝜋 𝑥 𝜋
𝑥= ⇒ ⁡=
4 2 8
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 sin⁡ 2 2sin2 ⁡ 2
∴ tan⁡ ⁡= =
2 cos⁡ 𝑥 2sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
Let 2 2 2
2
𝑥
1 − cos⁡ 𝑥 ∵ cos⁡ 𝑥 = 1 − 2sin ⁡
2
⁡=
sin⁡ 𝑥
⁡[ 𝑥 𝑥 ] … ( (i)
sin⁡ 𝑥 = 2sin⁡ cos⁡
2 2
𝜋
Now, putting 𝑥 = in Eq. (i), we get
4

𝜋 1− 1
𝜋 1 − cos⁡ 4 √2 = √2 − 1
tan⁡ = 𝜋 =
8 sin⁡ 4 1
√2
23. 𝜃 1−𝑒 𝜙 cos⁡ 𝜃−𝑒
If tan⁡ 2 = √1+𝑒 tan⁡ 2 , then prove that cos⁡ 𝜙 = 1−𝑒cos⁡ 𝜃.

𝜃 1−𝑒 𝜙 𝜙 1+𝑒 𝜃
SOLUTION: Given, tan⁡ 2 = √1+𝑒 tan⁡ 2 ⇒ tan⁡ 2 = √1−𝑒 tan⁡ 2

𝜙
1 − tan2 ⁡ 2
We know that cos⁡ 𝜙 =
𝜙
1 + tan2 ⁡ 2

13
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9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
 1+𝑒 𝜃
1 − 1 − 𝑒 tan2 ⁡ 2
⇒ ⁡cos⁡ 𝜙⁡=
1+𝑒 𝜃
1 + 1 − 𝑒 tan2 ⁡ 2
𝜃
(1 − 𝑒) − (1 + 𝑒)tan2 ⁡ 2
⇒ ⁡cos⁡ 𝜙⁡=
𝜃
(1 − 𝑒) + (1 + 𝑒)tan2 ⁡ 2
𝜃 𝜃
(1 − 𝑒)cos2 ⁡ 2 − (1 + 𝑒)sin2 ⁡ 2
⇒ ⁡cos⁡ 𝜙⁡=
𝜃 𝜃
(1 − 𝑒)cos2 ⁡ 2 + (1 + 𝑒)sin2 ⁡ 2
𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
cos 2 ⁡ 2 − sin2 ⁡ 2 − 𝑒 (cos 2 ⁡ 2 + sin2 ⁡ 2)
⁡=
𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
(cos 2 ⁡ 2 + sin2 ⁡ 2) − 𝑒 (cos2 ⁡ 2 − sin2 ⁡ 2)

cos⁡ 𝜃 − 𝑒
=
1 − 𝑒cos⁡ 𝜃
Hence proved.

24. 𝜃+𝛼 𝜃−𝛼 𝛽

If cos⁡ 𝜃 = cos⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛽, then prove that tan⁡ tan⁡ = tan2 ⁡ 2 .
2 2

SOLUTION: Given, ⁡cos⁡ 𝜃 = cos⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛽

Given, ⁡cos⁡ 𝜃 = cos⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛽

2 𝛽
cos⁡ 𝜃 1 − tan ⁡ 2 cos⁡ 𝜃
⁡⇒ ⁡cos⁡ 𝛽 = ⇒ =
cos⁡ 𝛼 1 + tan2 ⁡ 𝛽 cos⁡ 𝛼
2
𝛽 𝛽
1 − tan2 ⁡ 2 + 1 + tan2 ⁡ 2 cos⁡ 𝜃 + cos⁡ 𝛼
⁡⇒ =
𝛽 𝛽 cos⁡ 𝜃 − cos⁡ 𝛼
1 − tan2 ⁡ 2 − 1 − tan2 ⁡ 2

𝜃+𝛼 𝜃−𝛼
2 2cos⁡ ( ) cos⁡ ( )
⁡⇒ = 2 2
𝛽 𝜃+𝛼 𝜃−𝛼
−2tan2 ⁡ 2 −2sin⁡ ( 2 ) sin⁡ ( 2 )
1 𝜃+𝛼 𝜃−𝛼
⁡⇒ = cot⁡ ( ) cot⁡ ( )
𝛽 2 2
tan2 ⁡ 2
𝛽 𝜃+𝛼 𝜃−𝛼
⁡⇒ ⁡tan2 ⁡ = tan⁡ ( ) tan⁡ ( ) Hence proved.
2 2 2
25. 2𝑎𝑏
If 𝛼 and 𝛽 are distinct roots of 𝑎cos⁡ 𝜃 + 𝑏sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑐, then prove that sin⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 𝑎2+𝑏2.

SOLUTION: Given that 𝛼 and 𝛽 are distincts root of

 𝑎cos⁡ 𝜃 + 𝑏sin⁡ 𝜃 = 𝑐
⁡∴ ⁡𝑎cos⁡ 𝛼 + 𝑏sin⁡ 𝛼 = 𝑐 and 𝑎cos⁡ 𝛽 + 𝑏sin⁡ 𝛽 = 𝑐
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑎cos⁡ 𝛼 + 𝑏sin⁡ 𝛼 = 𝑎cos⁡ 𝛽 + 𝑏sin⁡ 𝛽
⁡⇒ ⁡𝑎(cos⁡ 𝛼 − cos⁡ 𝛽) + 𝑏(sin⁡ 𝛼 − sin⁡ 𝛽) = 0
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
⁡⇒ ⁡ − 2𝑎sin⁡ ( ) sin⁡ ( )
2 2
𝛼+𝛽 𝛼−𝛽
⁡+2𝑏cos⁡ ( ) sin⁡ ( )=0
2 2
𝛼−𝛽 𝛼+𝛽 𝛼+𝛽
⁡⇒ 2sin⁡ ( ) [−𝑎sin⁡ ( ) + 𝑏cos⁡ ( )] = 0
2 2 2
𝛼+𝛽 (𝛼 + 𝛽)
⁡⇒ 𝑏cos⁡ ( ) = 𝑎sin⁡
2 2
𝛼−𝛽
[∵ 𝛼 ≠ 𝛽, therefore sin⁡ ( ) ≠ 0]
2
(𝛼 + 𝛽) 𝑏
⁡⇒ tan⁡ =
2 𝑎
(𝛼 + 𝛽) 𝑏 2𝑏
2tan⁡ 2×𝑎
⁡∴ ⁡sin⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) = 2 = 𝑎
𝛼 + 𝛽 𝑏 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
1 + tan2 ⁡ ( 2 ) 1 + 2
𝑎 𝑎2
2𝑎𝑏
⁡= 2
𝑎 + 𝑏2
26. Prove that
√5−1
(i) sin2 ⁡ 24∘ − sin2 ⁡ 6∘ = 8
𝜋 13𝜋 1
(ii) sin⁡ 10 sin⁡ = −4
10

SOLUTION: (i) LHS = sin2 ⁡ 24∘ − sin2 ⁡ 6∘

=sin⁡(24∘ + 6∘ )sin⁡(24∘ − 6∘ )
⁡[∵ sin2 ⁡ 𝐴 − sin2 ⁡ 𝐵 = sin⁡(𝐴 + 𝐵)sin⁡(𝐴 − 𝐵)]
=sin⁡ 30∘ sin⁡ 18∘
1 √5 − 1 √5 − 1
= × =
2 4 8
𝜋 13𝜋
(ii) LHS = sin⁡ 10 sin⁡ 10

15
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277
 𝜋 3𝜋
⁡= sin⁡ sin⁡ (𝜋 + )
10 10
𝜋 3𝜋
⁡= −sin⁡ sin⁡
10 10
⁡= −sin⁡ 18∘ sin⁡ 54∘
√5 − 1 √5 + 1
⁡= − ( )( )
4 4
−(5 − 1) −4 1
⁡= = = − = RHS Hence proved.
16 16 4
27. Find the value of tan⁡ 9∘ − tan⁡ 27∘ − tan⁡ 63∘ + tan⁡ 81∘

SOLUTION: We have, tan⁡ 9∘ − tan⁡ 27∘ − tan⁡ 63∘ + tan⁡ 81∘

⁡= (tan⁡ 9∘ + tan⁡ 81∘ ) − (tan⁡ 27∘ + tan⁡ 63∘ )

⁡= (tan⁡ 9∘ + tan⁡(90∘ − 9∘ )) − (tan⁡ 27∘ + tan⁡(90∘ − 27∘ ))
⁡= (tan⁡ 9∘ + cot⁡ 9∘ ) − (tan⁡ 27∘ + cot⁡ 27∘ )
sin⁡ 9∘ cos⁡ 9∘ sin⁡ 27∘ cos⁡ 27∘
⁡= ( + )−( + )
cos⁡ 9∘ sin⁡ 9∘ cos⁡ 27∘ sin⁡ 27∘
sin2 ⁡ 9∘ + cos2 ⁡ 9∘ sin2 ⁡ 27∘ + cos 2 ⁡ 27∘
⁡= ( ) − ( )
cos⁡ 9∘ sin⁡ 9∘ cos⁡ 27∘ sin⁡ 27∘
2 2
⁡= −
2sin⁡ 9∘ cos⁡ 9∘ 2sin⁡ 27∘ cos⁡ 27∘
2 2 2×4 2×4
⁡= ∘
− ∘
= −
sin⁡ 18 sin⁡ 54 √5 − 1 √5 + 1
√5 + 1 − √5 + 1 16
⁡= 8 ( )= =4
5−1 4

28. Find the value of cos⁡ 12∘ + cos⁡ 84∘ + cos⁡ 156∘ + cos⁡ 132∘ .

SOLUTION: We have, cos⁡ 12∘ + cos⁡ 84∘ + cos⁡ 156∘ + cos⁡ 132∘
 ⁡= cos⁡ 12∘ + cos⁡ 156∘ + cos⁡ 84∘ + cos⁡ 132∘
12∘ + 156∘ 12∘ − 156∘ 84∘ + 132∘
⁡= 2cos⁡ ( ) ⋅ cos⁡ ( ) + 2cos⁡ ( )
2 2 2
84∘ − 132∘
⁡= cos⁡ ( )
2
⁡= 2cos⁡ 84∘ cos⁡ 72∘ + 2cos⁡ 108∘ ⋅ cos⁡ 24∘
⁡[∵ cos⁡(−72∘ ) = cos⁡ 72∘ and cos⁡(−24∘ ) = cos⁡ 24∘ ]
⁡= 2cos⁡ 84∘ sin⁡ 18∘ − 2sin⁡ 18∘ ⋅ cos⁡ 24∘
⁡= 2sin⁡ 18∘ (cos⁡ 84∘ − cos⁡ 24∘ )
84∘ + 24∘ 84∘ − 24∘
⁡= 2sin⁡ 18∘ [−2sin⁡ ( ) ⋅ sin⁡ ( )]
2 2
⁡= −4sin⁡ 18∘ ⋅ sin⁡ 54∘ sin⁡ 30∘
√5 − 1 1
⁡= −4 ( ) ⋅ cos⁡ 36∘ ⋅ ⁡[∵ sin⁡(90∘ − 36∘ ) = cos⁡ 36∘ ]
4 2
√5 + 1 1
⁡= −(√5 − 1) ( )⋅
4 2
5−1 −4 −1
⁡= − ( )= =
8 8 2

17
Basement No. 1 & 2, Villa No. 13, Block -3, Eros Garden, Charmwood Village, Faridabad-121009
9999656277; 9871309181; 0129-4056277