FORM 2

THE PATENT ACT 1970

(39 OF 1970)
AND
The patent rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10: rule 13)

1. TITLE OF INVENTION
Flat Plate Collector for Solar Water Heater

2. APPLICANTS
Name Nationality Address
Patil Prasad Pralhad Indian Shri Gulabrao Deokar College
of Engineering, Shirsoli Road,
Jalgaon, 425001
Dr. Deshmukh Indian SB Jain Institute of Tech.
Dheeraj Sheshrao Management & Research
Katol road Nagpur 440013
Dr. Vaidya Adwait Indian Gangamai College of
Manoharrao Engineering Nagaon, Dist.
Dhule 424005
Paul Izhak Devid Indian Shri Sant Gadge Baba College
of Engineering & Technology,
ZTC, Bhusawal, 425203

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

COMPLETE
Following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in
which it is to be performed.

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4. DESCRIPTION

Technical field of invention:

Present invention in general relates to the field of solar energy and its application
and in particular to the construction of flat plate collector for solar water heater
by excluding the absorber plate and using different size riser tubes.

Prior art:

Energy is the need of world and solar energy is enormous, inexhaustible and
clean source of energy, which is the prime need of human being. The sun gives
the plenty amount of power to earth which is multiple times more than present
used energy rate by all sources on the earth. The solar water heater can be direct
and indirect. In direct solar transformation includes thermal and photovoltaic
conversion. The thermal energy of solar is collected in the collector. The
collector consists of the absorber which is black in colour (for maximum
emissivity black color is given), fluid flow passage is given by riser tubes and
provision for heat loss reduction is provided. The direct sun energy is absorbed
by the absorber and the absorber transfers a part to the flowing fluid in the tube.
There are various designs available for solar thermal energy are discussed below.

US 4092977 discloses flat plate solar collector. A modular flat plate solar
collector for fluid such as air or water includes a plurality of stacked, separable
solar collector elements or sub-assemblies. Removable fastening members
maintain the sub-assemblies in intimate contact with each other during operation
and permit access and replacement of the sub-assemblies for repair purposes.
This modular approach provides a reliable, low-cost and structurally strong unit.
The use of a flow channel plate having passages with aspect ratios substantially
in the range of 20 or greater further improves the performance and efficiency of
the collector.

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WO/2012/071975 A1 discloses Flat Plate Solar Collector. Disclosed is a flat plate
solar collector. The flat plate solar collector comprises a base, and the base has a
concave cavity extending laterally. A heat insulation layer is provided on the
surface of the concave cavity, and several tubular heat-exchange pipes are
provided on the heat insulation layer located on the bottom of the concave cavity.
A port of the concave cavity of the base is covered by a layer of transparent glass.
The transparent glass is fixed to the port of the concave cavity of the base by
bonding. The flat plate solar collector is fixed by bonding via a convex edge at
the port of the base to the transparent glass, and is reinforced by a wrapped corner
therefore; it has a good light transmission effect, a compact structure, and a
beautiful appearance.

US 4136672 discloses flat plate solar energy collector. Apparatus for collecting
solar radiation in the form of heat and transferring it to a working fluid, including
in combination, a collector surface and a highly porous open cell material used as
a fluid carrier which abuts and allows the working fluid to contact the back side
of the collector surface.

US 4513734 discloses high efficiency flat plate solar energy collector. A

concentrating flat plate collector for the high efficiency collection of solar
energy. Through an arrangement of reflector elements, incoming solar radiation,
either directly or after reflection from the reflector elements, impinges upon both
surfaces of a collector element.

US 4289113discloses evacuated flat-plate solar collectors. A structural support

system is disclosed for use in an evacuated, flat-plate, solar collector to eliminate
the problem of stress fractures in a glass cover plate. Nonlinearly spaced supports
are used within the collector to dampen vibrations in the glass cover and to
prevent overdeflection before buckling or stress fractures occur.

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US 3961619 discloses flat plate solar collector module. Disclosed is an improved
flat plate solar collector module for use in a solar energy utilization system. Each
collector has housing with an evacuated chamber defined therein. A transparent
planar wall forms one side of the chamber and a radiant energy absorber with
flow passages therein is supported within the chamber thermally insulated from
the housing. Heat exchanger flow conduits extend from the absorber and through
the housing without contacting the walls of the housing to allow circulation of
heat exchange fluid through the absorber with minimal conduction heat losses.

The existing system suffers various drawbacks apart from their exorbitant cost in
manufacturing and maintenance.Therefore, to avoid the drawbacks of the existing
systemthere is need to develop a cost effective and efficient system and method
for solar water heater. Hence the present invention designs and develops flat plate
collector for solar water heater by excluding the absorber plate and using
different size riser tubes.

Object:

1. Primary object of the present invention is to provide flat plate collector

for solar water heater.

2. Another object of the present invention is to improve the collector

performance by way of integrating innovative design.

3. Yet another object of the present invention is to achieve the improvement

in heating of water in riser tube even if low light is available.

4. Yet another object of the present invention is to increase the heat transfer
rate at day, night and even at cloudy environment.

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Other objects, features and advantages will become apparent from detail
description and appended claims to those skilled in art.

STATEMENT:

Accordingly following invention provides aflat plate collector for solar water
heater by excluding the absorber plate and using different size riser tubes. The
invention improves the performance of the collector in day time, night time and
even if the light is less i.e. cloudy environment. The angular reflector plate placed
just below the riser tubes. The angle of reflector is so set to get the maximum
amount of sun rays reflection on the tube. The focal distance of the tube is
adjusted by practical means. Various readings are taken for the focal distance of
the tube and the conclusion drawn that distance of the center of tube to the base
of the reflector should be 20 mm. The riser tube are nine in number and (3 tubes
of diameter 12 mm, 3 tubes of diameter 15 mm and 3 tubes of diameter 19 mm).
The different diameter is used to get different hot and warm water from tubes.
The different diameter tube allow maximum and low both type of heating to the
water and this maintain the temperature of the water to suitable degree (40 to
60˚C) which can be used for domestic purpose. The preferred embodiment
mainly comprises of glazing glass, riser tubes of different dimensions, angular
reflector sheet, insulation, etc.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING:

This invention is described by way of example with reference to the following
drawing where,

Figure 1Aof sheet 1 shows the full view of angular reflector or concentrator
sheet.
Where,
1 denotes the front view of the angular sheet,
2 denotes the top view of the angular sheet.

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Figure 1(B) of sheet 1 shows the cross section of the one set of angular sheet.
Where,
3 denotes the base plate,
4&5 denotes the slant side of the angular section the angle between 3 - 4 and 4 –
5 is 120˚,
6 & 7 denotes the distance between points i.e. 80mm.

Figure 2 of sheet 2 shows the riser tube of different diameter.

Where,
8 denotes riser tube of diameter 12 mm,
9 denotes riser tube of diameter 15 mm,
10 denotes riser tube of diameter 19 mm,
11 denotes header tube of diameter 25 mm,
12 denotes flange,
13 denotes inlet pipe,
14 denote outlet pipe.

Figure 3 of sheet 2 shows the assembly view of the collector and position of the
angular reflector.
Where,
15 denotes the base sheet of the collector,
16 denotes left side wall of the collector,
17 denotes right side wall of the collector,
18 denotes insulation,
19denotes angular reflector sheet,
20 denotes riser tubes of diameter (12 mm, 15 mm and 19mm),
21 denotes glass glaze.

In order that the manner in which the above-cited and other advantages and
objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the
invention briefly described above will be referred, which are illustrated in the

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appended drawing. Understanding that these drawing depict only typical
embodiment of the invention and therefore not to be considered limiting on its
scope, the invention will be described with additional specificity and details
through the use of the accompanying drawing.

Detailed description:

The present invention provides a flat plate collector for solar water heater. The
invention improves the collector efficiency by using the innovative design of the
collector by excluding the absorber plate and using different size riser tubes.

The operation of the collector is natural i.e. thermo-syphon effect. The innovative
collector consists of the glazing glass, riser tubes of different dimensions, angular
reflector sheet and insulation. The invention improves the performance of the
collector in day time, night time and even if the light is less (i.e. cloudy
environment) than conventional solar collector. The angular reflector plate placed
just below the riser tubes. The angle of reflector is so set to get the maximum
amount of sun rays reflection on the tube as shown in figure 2 (B). The focal
distance of the tube is adjusted by practical means. Various readings were taken
for the focal distance of the tube and the conclusion drawn that distance of the
center of tube to the base of the reflector should be 20 mm. The riser tube are
nine in number and (3 tubes of diameter 12 mm, 3 tubes of diameter 15 mm and 3
tubes of diameter 19 mm). The different diameter is used to get different hot and
warm water from tubes. The different diameter tube allow maximum and low
both type of heating to the water and this maintain the temperature of the water to
suitable degree (40 to 60˚C) which can be used for domestic purpose.

The proposed design gives better performance as compare to conventional flat

plate collector even if the dust is mounted on the glass. The dust decreases the
performance of the conventional collector but doesn’t affect the proposed
innovative design. It is found that to get high temperature smaller diameter tubes

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are more efficient. As it increases the resistance to water and this increases the
temperature of the water in the tube.

For observation purpose, two solar water heater unit are manufacture with same
capacity. One is conventional solar water heater and the other one is the
innovative flat plate collector. The difference between the innovative flat plate
collector and the conventional flat plate collector is the absence of absorber plate
in the innovative collector and different diameter riser tubes. Both this unit is
placed on the roof top. To plot the reading, the sensors are mounted on the
collector at different placed and the temperature is note down on hour base. The
reading is continuously taken for two months and the based on the reading it is
found that the temperature gain is more in innovative type collector and the
temperature of water is still more even if the sun set as compare to conventional
collector. The innovative collector shows better performance even for cloudy
region than conventional.

Additional advantages and modification will readily occur to those skilled in art.
Therefore, the invention in its broader aspect is not limited to specific details and
representative embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly, various
modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the
general invention concept as defined by the appended claims and their
equivalents.

Adv. Swapnil Gawande (IN/PA/1587)

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 CLAIMS
We claim: -

1. Flat plate collector for solar water heater comprises of glazing glass, riser
tubes of different dimensions, angular reflector sheet and insulation
characterized in that angular reflector plate placed just below the riser
tubes and the angle of reflector is so set to get the maximum amount of
sun rays reflection on the tube.

2. Accordingly, as claimed in claim 1 wherein distance of the center of tube

to the base of the reflector is 20 mm.

3. Accordingly, as claimed in claim 1 wherein said riser tube are nine in

number where 3 tubes of diameter 12 mm, 3 tubes of diameter 15 mm and
3 tubes of diameter 19 mm this different diameter tube allow maximum
and low both type of heating to the water and this maintain the
temperature of the water to suitable degree (40 to 60˚C) which can be
used for domestic purpose.

Adv. Swapnil Gawande (IN/PA/1587)

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Patil Prasad Pralhad Sheet 2/1
Dr. Deshmukh Dheeraj Sheshrao
Dr. Vaidya Adwait Manoharrao
Paul Izhak Devid

Figure 1A

Figure 1B

Adv. Swapnil Gawande (IN/PA/1587)

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Patil Prasad Pralhad Sheet 2/2
Dr. Deshmukh Dheeraj Sheshrao
Dr. Vaidya Adwait Manoharrao
Paul Izhak Devid

Figure 2

Figure 3

Adv. Swapnil Gawande (IN/PA/1587)

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 ABSTRACT

Present invention provides solar water heater flat plate collector without absorber
using three different diameters of circular shape riser tubes. The attempt is made
to increase the temperature of the water in the tube by means of concentrator and
to get the improvement in the performance of collector even if the sunlight is less.
The innovative design of flat plate collector is conceived on the observation that a
solar flat plate collector with different diameter riser tubes and with an angular
shape reflector instead of absorber sheet performs better than conventional solar
flat plate collector. Following invention is described in detail with the help of
Figure 1 of sheet 1 showing the angular reflector or concentrator sheet, Figure
1(B) of sheet 1 showing the cross section of the one set of angular sheet, Figure
2 of sheet 2 showing the riser tube of different diameter and Figure 3 of sheet 2
showing the assembly view of the collector and position of the angular reflector.

Adv. Swapnil Gawande (IN/PA/1587)

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