j:t'ut v08

/fli6«o–;Gbe{ efu dd{t ;Def/kZrft\_sf] ;'?jft slxn]

!= s]Gb|Lo tYofª\s ljefuåf/f ;ftf}F /fli6«o s[lif ul/Psf] xf] <
u0fgf slxn]af6 ;'? ul/Psf] xf] < lj=;+= @)&( j}zfv !!
lj=;+= @)&( j}zfv ^ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f k"/f u/L lkpgof]Uo
u0fgfsf nflu to ul/Psf] ;dofjlw M @)&( agfP/ ljt/0f ;'? ul/Psf] vfg]kfgL dGqfnon]
j}zfv ^–h]7 !( ;Dd hgfPsf] .
of] ;ftf}F s[lif u0fgfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] . @)&* r}t @( ut] d]nDrL vf]nfsf] kfgL
@)&* ;fnd} to ul/Psf] s[lif u0fgf ljljw ;'Gb/Lhnl:yt k|zf]wg s]G›df kyfGt/0f ul/Psf]
sf/0fn] @)&( sf] klxnf] xKtfaf6 ;'? ul/Psf] . lyof] .
b]z ;ª\3Lotfdf uPkl5sf] of] klxnf] u0fgf xf] . %= ;/sf/n] xfn} -lj=;+= @)&( df_ s'g If]qnfO{
g]kfndf s[lif u0fgfsf] ;'?jft lj=;+= @)!* af6 ;+/lIft :df/s If]q 3f]if0ff u¥of] <
ePsf] . slknj:t'sf] ltnf}/fsf]6 If]q
@= g]kfn;Fu s"6gLlts ;DaGw /fVg] !&^cf}F /fi6« ^= ljZj :jf:Yo ;ª\u7gsf dxflgb]{zs 6]8«f;]
s'g xf] < cwfgf]d u]a|]o;;sf] tLg lbg] g]kfn e|d0f slxn]
a]lnh -;g\ @)@@ clk|n !_ ePsf] xf] <
#= cGt/f{li6«o gful/s p8\8og ;ª\u7g -cfOsfcf]_ lj=;+= @)&( j}zfv *–!) -;g\ @)@@
sf cg';f/ g]kfnsf] xjfO{ ;'/Iff :sf]/ slt clk|n @!–@#_
/x]sf] 5 < -u]a|]o;;sf ;fy ljZj :jf:Yo ;ª\u7gsf
&)=! k|ltzt blIf0f k"j{ Pl;of sfof{nosf If]qLo lgb]{zs 8f= k'gd
of] :sf]/ g]kfnL p8\8og Oltxf;df xfn;Dds} If]qkfn l;+x Pj+ ;ª\u7gsf cGo ljlzi6 pRrflwsf/L
pRr /x]sf] . klg g]kfn cfpg'ePsf] ._
&= ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cNksfnLg cfb]zkZrft\ g]kfn
o;cl3 ul/Psf] cg;fO6 e]ln8];g
/fi6« a}ª\ssf ueg{/ dxfk|;fb clwsf/L k'gM
cl86cg';f/ g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff :sf]/ ^^=&^
cfˆgf] sfddf slxn] kmls{P <
k|ltzt /x]sf] .
lj=;+= @)&( j}zfv &
;g\ @)@@ df ul/Psf] cl86df ;'/Iff :sf]/
#=#$ laGb'n] a9]/ &)=! k|ltzt k'u]sf] .
cfOsfcf]sf] ljZjsf] cf};t kl/kfngf b/ ^&=@
/ Pl;of k|zfGt If]qsf] cf};t kl/kfngf b/ ^!=$
k|ltzt /x]sf] .
;g\ @)!# sf] cl86df g]kfnsf] ;'/Iff :sf]/
Unf]an cf};t kl/kfngf b/eGbf tn cfpFbf
cfOsfcf]n] l;Uglkms]G6 ;]ˆ6L sG;g{ -P;P;;L_
hf/L u/]sf]df ;g\ @)!& sf] cl86kl5 P;P;;L
x6fPsf] .
g]kfn O{o"sf] sfnf] ;"rLaf6 eg] cem} gx6]sf] .
$= d]nDrLsf] kfgL sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf ljt/0f -lj=;+= @)&* r}t @$ ut]sf] dlGqkl/ifb\ a}7sn]
-d]nDrL vf]nfdf cfPsf] af9Ln] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] ueg{/lj?4 5fglagsf nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k"j{

@)&( h]7 o'jfd~r

GofofwLz k'?iff]Qd e08f/Lsf] cWoIftfdf hfFra'em !!= /fli6«o vfB a}ª\ssf] pb\3f6g slxn] ul/of] <
;ldlt u7g u/];Fu} :jtM lgnDagdf k/]sf ueg{/ lj=;+= @)&* j}zfv @
clwsf/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cfb]zkl5 j}zfv & -gofF afg]Zj/df k|wfg sfof{no /x]sf] /fli6«o
df k'gM lgoldt lhDd]jf/Ldf kmls{Psf . ;/sf/sf] vfB a}ª\ssf] gf/f …kf]lifnf] cfxf/sf nflu lbuf] s[lifÚ
lg0f{olj?4 ue{g/ clwsf/Ln] $ j}zfvdf ;jf]{Rr /x]sf] ._
cbfntdf l/6 lgj]bg bfo/ u/]sf . ;f]xL lgj]bgdfly !@= k|bz ] / :yfgLo txn] k|fKt ug]{ ljQLo x:tfGt/0fsf]
^ j}zfvdf k|f/lDes ;'g'jfO ub}{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] ;f] kl/df0f l;kmfl/; ug]{ ;+jwflgs } lgsfo
cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] ._ s'g xf] <
*= /fhwfgLsf] j;Gtk'/l:yt u2L a}7s ;j{;fwf/0fsf /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u
nflu slxn] v'nf ul/Psf] xf] < !#= g]kfndf ;/;kmfO ;Ktfx slxn]b]lv dgfpg
lj=;+= @)&* r}t !% yflnPsf] xf] <
u2L a}7s ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu v'nf eP;Fu} lj=;+= @)%^
g]kfnL gful/s dfq geO{ ljZje/sf ko{6sn] !$= k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm jf lgjf{rg cfo'Qmsf] kbdf
zfxsfnLg /fhfsf] Oltxf;sf ;fy} cGo lgo'lQmsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd z}lIfs
b:tfj]h af/] hfGg] cj;/ kfpg] . of]Uotf slt xf] <
u2Lsf] tNnf] tnfdf /x]sf tLgj6f Uofn/Ldf :gfts tx
P]ltxfl;s xftxltof/ -k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] !%= ;j{k|yd gu/ufg 3f]if0ff ug]{ gu/kflnsf
pkTosf xdnf ubf{ k|of]u ul/Psf xltof/ / s'g xf] <
aGb's nufot_ / j[Qlrq ;hfOPsf] . ltnf]Qdf gu/kflnsf -?kGb]xL_
klxnf] k6s v'nf ul/Psf] u2L a}7sdf !^= g]kfndf DTH k|ljlwsf] ;'?jft slxn]af6
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf] PsLs/0fb]lv /fhtGq, ePsf] xf] <
k|hftGq x'Fb} u0ftGq;Ddsf b:tfj]h x]g{ kfOg] . ;g\ @)!)
lgof] Snfl;sn z}nLdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] u2L !&= …kfln{ofd]G6 ckm g]kfnÚ gfds df]afOn Pk
a}7s ljutdf /fHosf] dxìjk"0f{ a}7ssf nflu slxn]b]lv ;~rfngdf cfPsf] xf] <
k|of]u ug]{ ul/Psf] . lj=;+= @)&$ ;fpg !@
@)&@ sf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] Iflt k'¥ofPsf] -o"Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf agfOPsf] of] Pkdfkm{t
u2L a}7s k'gM lgdf{0f u/L jt{dfg :j¿kdf ;+;bLo ultljlw cyf{t\ ;+;b\sf] a}7s k|ToIf ¿kdf
NofOPsf] . x]g{ / ;'Gg ;lsg] ._
(= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] g]kfndf slt txsf] /fHo !*= g]kfndf dlxnf lzIffsf] ;'?jft s'g k|wfgdGqLsf]
;+/rgf sfod u/]sf] 5 < kfnfb]lv ePsf] xf] <
tLg tx -;ª\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx_ jL/zdz]/
!(= s]Gb|Lo a}ª\ssf ¿kdf g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\ssf] :yfkgf
slxn] ePsf] xf] <
lj=;+= @)!# j}zfv !$
@)= g]kfn ;/sf/n] k"jf{wf/;lxtsf ;x/ ljsf;
ug]{ p2]Zon] ;~rfngdf Nofpg yfn]sf] sfo{qmd
s'g xf] <
PsLs[t ;x/L ljsf; of]hgf
;/sf/n] of]hgfa4 9ª\un] ;x/sf] ljsf; ug]{
of]hgf;lxt !*% j6f gu/kflnsfdf …PsLs[t
;x/L ljsf; of]hgfÚ nfu" ug]{ ePsf] .
xfn g]kfndf &%# :yfgLo txdWo]
!)= jt{dfg ;+ljwfgcg';f/ s]Gb|df a9Ldf @% ;b:oLo dxf÷pk÷gu/kflnsfsf] ;ª\Vof @(# /
dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g ug{ ;lsg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 eg] ufpFkflnsfsf] ;ª\Vof $^) /x]sf] .
k|bz
] dlGqkl/ifb\ ;DaGwdf s] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 < @!= Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}ª\sn] ;g\ @)@@ clk|n ^ df
;dfj]zL l;4fGtadf]lhd k|b]z ;efsf s'n ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ;g\ @)@@ df
;b:o ;ª\Vofsf] aL; k|ltzteGbf a9L gx'g] u/L k|b]z g]kfnsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ slt x'g] k|If]k0f 5 <
dlGqkl/ifb\ u7g ul/g] . #=( k|ltzt
o'jfd~r, @)&( h]7
 P8LaLn] ;g\ @)@# df g]kfnsf] cfly{s j[l4b/ ljZjsf] emG8} @# k|ltzt cfjfbL ;d]6\g] .
% k|ltzt k'Ug] cg'dfg u/]sf] . ;g\ !((& df a}ª\ss 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ub}{
P8LaLsf cg';f/ ;g\ @)@@ df s[lif If]qsf] laD:6]ssf] :yfkgf ePsf] .
j[l4b/ !=# k|ltzt /xg] . /f]kfOFsf a]nf kof{Kt @#= ljZj Jofkf/ ;ª\u7g -8An"6Lcf]_ k|d'vdf lgo'Qm
jiff{ eP klg wfg yGSofpg] a]nf ePsf] jiff{n] x'g ;kmn klxnf] dlxnf sf] x'g'x'G5 <
Iflt k'¥ofpFbf wfg pTkfbg gf} k|ltztn] 36\g PGuf]hL cf]sf]Ghf]–Oj]nf -k"j{cy{dGqL,
k'usf]
] . gfOh]l/of_
pBf]u If]q $=! k|ltzt / ;]jf If]q %=@ k|ltztn] 8An"6Lcf]sf] Oltxf;d} klxnf] dlxnf k|d'v x'g
a9\g] k|If]k0f /x]sf] . ;kmn x'g'ePsf] cf]sf]Ghf] pQm kbdf k'Ug] klxnf]
cl3Nnf] cfly{s jif{sf] ^=@ k|ltztaf6 36]/ ;g\ clk|msL klg x'g'x'G5 .
@)@! df #=^ k|ltzt sfod /x]sf] d'›f:kmLlt of] cf]sf]Ghf]n] @)@! dfr{ ! b]lv sfo{ef/
jif{ ^=% k|ltzt k'Ug] P8LaLsf] cg'dfg /x]sf] . ;DxfNg'ePsf] / pxfFsf] sfo{sfn ;g\ @)@%
P8LaLsf cg';f/ ;g\ @)@@ df g]]kfnsf] rfn" cu:6 #! ;Dd x'g]5 .
vftf 3f6f (=& k|ltztn] a9\g] cg'dfg /x]sf] . ;g\ !((% df 8An"6Lcf] :yfkgf ePkl5 cf]sf]Ghf]
sf]le8–!( dxfdf/L sd x'Fb} uPsfn] k'g?Tyfgsf] sfo{sf/L lgb{zs] x'g] ;ftf}F JolQm x'g'ePsf] .
qmddf /x]sf] ljZj cy{tGq ?;–o'qm]g o'4n] Ps jif{ sfo{sfn /xFb} tTsfnLg sfo{sf/L
clglZrttf yk]sf] P8LaLsf] lgisif{ /x]sf] . lgb]{zs /f]a6f]{ clhe]8f]n] /fhLgfdf u/]kl5
8An"6Lcf]df gofF k|d'vsf] lgo'lQm x'g ;s]sf]
cGt/f{li6«o–;Gbe{ lyPg .
@@= ax'If]qLo k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xof]usf nflu ljZjJofkL ¿kdf km}lnPsf] sf]/f]gf efO;sf sf/0f
aª\ufnsf] vf8Lsf] k|of; -laD:6]s_sf] kfFrf}+F pTkGg cfly{s ;ª\s6af6 d'n'snfO{ /fxt k|bfg
;Dd]ng slxn] / sxfF ;DkGg ePsf] xf] < ug{ 8An"6Lcf]sf] sfFwdf 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] .
;g\ @)@@ dfr{ #), >Lnª\sf @$= Silent Spring gfds jftfj/0f;Fu ;DalGwt
…:j:y hgtf, ;d[4 cy{tGq / pTyfgzLn k':tssf n]vs sf] x'g\ <
If]qnfO{ laD:6]sÚ cjwf/0ffTds gf/f;fy ;'? /fr]n sf/;g
ePsf] laD:6]s lzv/ ;Dd]ngnfO{ ;ft} ;b:o @%= gfOh]l/ofdf lqmofzLn ljb|f]xL ;d"x af]sf]x/fd
/fi6«sf pRr g]t[Tjåf/f ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] . xf] eg] Kofn]:6fOgdf lqmofzLn ljb|f]xL ;d"x s'g
sf]nDaf] ;Dd]ng ef}lts / cef}lts cyf{t\ xf] <
xfOla|8 df]8df ;~rfng eO{ ;DkGg ePsf] . xdf;
;Dd]ngdf g]kfnsf tkm{af6 k|wfgdGqL z]/axfb'/ -To;}u/L, ckmuflg:tfgdf tflnafg, odgdf
b]pjfåf/f sf7df8f}Faf6 cef}lts ¿kdf ;Daf]wg x'yL, O/fs / l;l/ofdf cfO{P;cfO{P;, ;f]dflnofdf
ul/of] eg] k//fi6«dGqL 8f= gf/fo0f v8\sf;lxtsf] cn;jfj gfds ljb|fxL ] ;d"x /x]sf ._
g]kfnL k|ltlglwd08n sf]nDaf] k'u]/ ;Dd]ngdf @^= Beijing+5 ;Dd]ng s];Fu ;DalGwt 5 <
;xeflutf hgfPsf] . dlxnf ljsf;
;Dd]ngdf lgDg tLgj6f gofF ;Demf}tfdf g]kfnn] @&= ;g\ @)!( ;]K6]Da/df tfOjfg;Fusf] s"6gLlts
x:tfIf/ u/]sf] M ;DaGw tf]8\g] k|zfGt dxf;fu/Lo d'n's s'g xf] <
!= cfk/flws dfldnfdf kf/:kl/s sfg'gL ;f]nf]dg åLk
;xfotf;DaGwL laD:6]s dxf;lGw, ;f]nf]dgn] cfˆgf] s"6gLlts ;DaGw rLg;Fu
@= k|ljlw ;'ljwf :yfkgf;DaGwL 1fkgkq, hf]8]sf] .
#= laD:6]s ;b:o /fi6«sf s"6gLlts k|lti7fg cd]l/sf / c:6«]lnofsf] aLrdf cjl:yt
Pj+ k|lzIf0f ;+:yfaLr ;xof]u;DaGwL ;f]nf]dg åLk rLgsf nflu /0fgLlts dxìjsf]
;dembf/Lkq d'n'ssf ¿kdf /x]sf] .
ljut ;f9] tLg jif{blv ] >Lnª\sfsf] g]t[Tjdf k|zfGt dxf;fu/ If]qdf ;f]nf]dg åLk tfOjfgsf]
/x]sf] laD:6]ssf] cWoIftf oxL ;Dd]ngb]lv 7"nf] u7aGwg d'n's lyof] .
yfONofG8nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf] . tfOjfgnfO{ s"6gLlts dfGotf lbg] ljZje/ !^
g]kfn;lxt ef/t, aª\unfb]z, e'6fg, >Lnª\sf, j6f d'n's dfq afFsL /x]sf h;df k|zfGt If]qsf
Dofgdf/ / yfONofG8 ;b:o /x]sf] laD:6]sn] ;fgf kfFrj6f /fi6« 5g\ .

@)&( h]7 o'jfd~r

 rLgsf] d'Vo e"–efuaf6 tfOjfg ;g\ !($( df rLg -;g\ @)@@ ;]K6]Da/ !)–@(_
cnlUuPsf] lyof] . !( cf}F Pl;of8 rLgsf] xfGemfp ;x/df cfof]hgf
@*= ;a}eGbf w]/} k6s le6f] k|of]u ug]{ /fi6« s'g xf] < x'g] .
?; o; Pl;of8df $) v]n ;dfj]z ul/g] ePsf] .
-le6f] k|of]u ug]{df bf];|f] cd]l/sf / t];|f] a]nfot !(cf}F Pl;of8sf] Motto : Heart to Heart, @
/x]sf ._ Future /x]sf] .
@(= OGRof]g /0fgLlt -@)!#–@)@@ s] ;Fu ;DalGwt 5 < !(cf}F Pl;of8df g]kfnn] @# v]n -/fli6«o
ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmsf] clwsf/ v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf] @)&( j}zfv ( sf] a}7ssf]
#)= afn a|Xdrf/L if8fgGb clwsf/Ln] ef]hk'/sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ;xeflutf hgfpg] ePsf] .
lbª\nfdf ;+:s[t kf7zfnfsf] :yfkgf slxn] u/]sf !(cf}F Pl;of8df g]kfnn] efu lng] v]n M
lyP < Pyn]l6S;, alS;ª, t]SjfGbf], s/fFt,] ;fOlSnª,
lj=;+= !(#@ dlxnf km'6an, uNkm, s':tL, ef/f]Qf]ng, h'8f],
#!= ;flxTosf/ kfl/hftsf] jf:tljs gfd s] xf] < 6«foyng, p;', cfr{/L, af:s]6an, dlxnf
lji0f's'df/L jfOaf sa8\8L, km]lG;ª, dlxnf XofG8an, 6]an 6]lg;,
#@= 6«fG;k/]G;L OG6/g];gnsf] :yfkgf slxn] dlxnf elnan, k'?if lqms]6, Aof8ldG6g,
ePsf] xf] < kf}8L, ;'l6ª
;g\ !((# d] $@= g]kfn Pl;ofnL v]ns'bdf klxnf]kN6 slxn]
-o;sf] k|wfg sfof{no hd{gLsf] aln{gdf /x]sf] ._ ;xefuL ePsf] xf] <
##= ?;df /fHoqmflGt slxn] ePsf] lyof] < ;g\ !(%! -gofF lbNnLdf ePsf] klxnf]
;g\ !(!& Pl;ofnL v]ns'bb]lv_
#$= ;g\ @)#) ;Dd l8h]n / k]6«fnaf6 ] rNg] ;jf/L;fwg g]kfnn] xfn;Dd Pl;of8df b'O{ /ht / @@ sfF:o
k|ltaGw ug]{ 3f]if0ff ug]{ /fi6« s'g xf] < kbs lht]sf] .
cfo/NofG8 g]kfnn] !#cf}F Pl;of8 -;g\ !((*, a}ª\ss_ /
#%= s'g qmflGtnfO{ af}l4s qmflGt klg eg]/ lrlgG5 < !*cf}F Pl;of8 -;g\ @)!*, hfsftf{_ df Ps÷Ps
k|mfG;sf] /fHoqmflGt /ht kbs lhTg ;kmn ePsf] .
#^= x]g/L 8\o'gf s'g ;+:yfsf ;+:yfks x'g\ < t]SjfGbf] v]nf8L bLks lji6n] ;g\ @))@ sf]
/]8qm; a';fg tyf @))^ sf] bf]xf Pl;of8df g]kfnnfO{
nuftf/ sfF:o kbs lbnfpg ;kmn ePsf .
ljljw $#= gjf}F /fli6«o v]ns'bsf nflu to ul/Psf] cjlw
#&= g]kfn ;ª\uLt tyf gf6\o k|1f k|lti7fgn] ;ª\uLt s'g xf] <
tyf gf6\o /fli6«o k|1f k'/:sf/ -@)&( j}zfvdf_ lj=;+= @)&( h]7 @@–@* -u08sL k|bz_ ]
s;nfO{ k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] < /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf] @)&( j}zfv ( sf]
;ª\uLt ljwfM ;ª\uLtsdL{ df]xgs[i0f a}7såf/f ;f] ldlt to ul/Psf] .
sfsL{ 9nL, g[To ljwfM g[To lgb]{zs jL0ff hf]zL
gjf}F /fli6«o v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfdf b'O{ k|bz{gL
/fhe08f/L, gf6s ljwfM gf6ssf/ dgaxfb'/ d'lvof,
v]n;lxt #* v]n ;dfj]z ul/g] ePsf]] .
nf]s;ª\uLt ljwfM nf]sufos cd/ lj/xL u'?ª,
/ª\ud~r ljwf M /ª\usdL{ Cl4r/0f >]i7 / zf:qLo o; ;+:s/0fdf cf7f}F /fli6«o v]ns'bdf k|lt:kwf{
tyf k/Dk/fut ;ª\uLt ljwf M hnt/ª\u jfws ePsf #% v]nnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbFb} /UaL ;]e]g P
df]xgk|;fb hf]zL ;fO8 yk u/L #^ v]ndf k|lt:kwf{ x'g] . k|bz{gL
#*= /fli6«o ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw lbj; v]ndf 7]nf] / Sofgf]Oª /x]sf ._
-National ICT Day_ slxn] dgfpg] ul/G5 < /fli6«o v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf k|To]s b'O{–b'O{
d] @ jif{df x'g'kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] . o;sf] klxnf]
#(= g]kfndf sfg'g lbj; slxn] dgfOG5 < tLg ;+:s/0f b'O{–b'O{ jif{s} cGt/fndf eP klg
j}zfv @^ To;otf k|ltof]lutf lgwf{l/t ;dodf ;~rfng
$)= k[YjLaf6 cGtl/Ifdf k7fOPsf] klxnf] k|f0fL s'g xf] < x'g g;s]sf] .
nfOsf gfds s's'/ -;g\ !(%&_ tTsfnLg /fli6«o v]ns'b kl/ifb\sf ;b:o
$!= !(cf}F Pl;ofnL v]ns'b k|ltof]lutfsf] cfof]hs ;lrj z/brG› zfxsf] kl/sNkgfcg';f/ /fli6«o
/fi6« s'g xf] < v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf ;'? ePsf] .

o'jfd~r, @)&( h]7

 gf]6 M kf]v/fdf #( jif{cl3 lj=;+==@)$) df bf];|f] cfb]zdf b; lbgleq dfkgLo ;"rs ;d]t
;+:s/0fsf] /fli6«o v]ns'b k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg ePsf] . pNn]v u/L :ki6, j:t'k/s / sfof{Gjogof]Uo
gjf}F /fli6«o v]ns'bdf k|lt:kwf{ x'g] v]n sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{ / @!cf}F lbgaf6 Knfl:6s
km'6an, Pyn]l6S;, alS;ª, ef/f]Qf]ng, emf]nfsf] pTkfbg, cfoft, laqmL ljt/0f / k|of]udf
6]an6]lg;, lqms]6, ng6]lg;, kf}8L, ;'l6ª, elnan, k"0f{ k|ltaGw nufpg];DaGwL ah]6sf] k|fjwfg b]z
:Sjf;, t]SjfGbf], h'8f], cfr{/L, sa8\8L, vf]–vf], e/ nfu" ug]{ s'/f ;d]t ;d]l6Psf] . ;fy} cfb]zdf
p;', af:s]6an, Aof8ldG6g, ;fOlSnª, s/fFt], s':tL, sfo{of]hgfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu
km]lG;ª, 6«foyng, Kof/fUnfOl8ª, uNkm, XofG8an, g]kfn ;/sf/sf d'Vo ;lrjsf] ;+of]hsTjdf
a'l4rfn, ;ˆ6 6]lg;, cfO{6LPkm t]SjfGbf], ;]kfstfqmf], cg'udg ;+oGq tof/ ug{ / pQm ;+oGqsf] k|ult
lhDGofl:6s, zf/Ll/s ;'u7g, k'mn sG6\ofS6 s/fFt], ljj/0f k|To]s b'O{ dlxgfdf Ohnf;;dIf k]; ug{
xsL, /UaL -#^ v]n_ elgPsf] .
$$= x]daxfb'/ dNn ;Ddfg s;nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 < ljutdf ;/sf/n] k6s k6s kftnf] Knfl:6ssf]
;"o{gfy pkfWofo -lj=;+= @)&( df, k|of]udf k|ltaGw nufpg] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] . @)&@
c=b'=c=cf=sf k"j{k|d'v cfo'Qm_ ;fndf Knfl:6s emf]nfsf] k|of]udf k|ltaGw
-o; k'/:sf/sf] /flz b'O{ nfv ?lkofF /x]sf] ._ nufpg] 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] lyof] . To:t}, cf=j=
$%= ;a} lhNnfdf :jf:Yo aLdf nfu" ug]{ klxnf] k|bz ] @)&#÷&$ sf] ah]6df klg Knfl:6s emf]nf
s'g xf] < k|of]udf k|ltaGw nufpg] elgPsf] lyof] . lj=;+=
;'b"/klZrd k|bz
] @)&* h]7 !% ut] ;fj{hlgs cf=j= @)&*÷&(
$^= s5'jf ;+/If0f s]Gb| sxfF /x]sf] 5 < sf] ah]6 jQmJodf $) dfOqmf]geGbf kftnf]
emfkfsf] ;'vfgL ;Ld;f/ If]q Knfl:6ssf] pTkfbg cfoft, laqmL÷ljt/0f /
k|of]udf ;fpg ! b]lv k"0f{ ¿kdf k|ltaGw nufpg]
egL pNn]v ePtf klg sfof{Gjogdf tbf?stf
gb]lvPsf] .
Knfl:6s lgdf{0f / lj;h{gsf qmddf xflgsf/s
Uof; / kbfy{ lgisf;g x'g] h;n] df6f] / kfgL
k|b"if0f ug]{, df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQm x|f; x'g], o;af6
pT;h{g x'g] Uof;n] cf]hf]g txsf] ljgfz tyf
hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf ;xof]uL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{
ePsfn] hLj tyf jg:kltsf] cl:tTjsf nflu
$&= xl/tf/f rnlrq k'/:sf/–@)&* s;nfO{ k|bfg g} of] r'gf}tL aGg k'u]sf] .
ul/of] < %)= WIFI sf] k"/f ¿k s] xf] <
kqsf/ ljb'/ lu/L Wireless Fidelity=
xl/tf/f rnlrq k'/:sf/–@)&& cleg]qL %!= :sfONofa eGgfn] s] a'lemG5 <
ldlynf zdf{nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] . k[YjLsf af/]df ljljw k|sf/sf cg';Gwfg
k'/:sf/sf] /flz hgxL @% xhf/ ?lkofF /x]sf] . ug{ cGtl/Ifdf :yflkt k|of]uzfnf
o; k'/:sf/sf] :yfkgf lj=;+= @)%@ df ePsf] . %@= /fhwfgL sf7df8f}Fdf ;DkGg ld:6/ g]kfn jN8{
o;nfO{ rnlrq If]qs} klxnf] k'/:sf/ dflgg] . @)@@ sf] pkflw r'Dg ;kmn k|ltef sf] x'g\ <
$*= ltd|f] ;f]rn] hLjgsf] prfO lgwf{/0f u5{ eGg] g'tg >]i7 -df]/ª_
ljrf/s sf] x'g\ < @^ jifL{o g'tgn] pkflw r'dafkt
] kfFr nfv
O8ljg n'O; sf]n ?lkofF gub;lxt ld:6/ jN8{ @)@@ df g]kfnsf]
$(= ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] kftnf] Knfl:6s -$) k|ltlglwTj ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt u/]sf .
dfOqmf]geGbf sd_sf] emf]nf k|of]u k"0f{ ¿kn] k|ltof]lutfdf emfkfsf @# jifL{o cleif]s
k|ltaGw nufpg] 3f]if0ff k|efjsf/L ¿kdf r'F8fn km:6, sf7df8f}Fsf @( jifL{o Pln; lu/L
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ^ a'Fb] cfb]z slxn] ;]s]G8, s}nfnLsf @! jifL{o ;dLk zfxL y8{ /
hf/L u/]sf] xf] < df]/ªsf @& jifL{o ljzfn s6jfn kmf]y{ /g;{ck
lj=;+= @)&* ;fpg @* ePsf .
cbfntn] ah]6 jQmJodf 3f]if0ff ePsf] Knfl:6s
emf]nf k|ltaGw nufpg] sfo{qmd nfu" ug{ lbOPsf] n]vg÷;+of]hg M 6ª\s s]=;L=

@)&( h]7 o'jfd~r

 ljifout–v08

ljifout–v08cGtu{t nf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 ;f]lwg]

gd'gf k|Zgsf] pQ/

!= lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg s]Gb|Lo lgsfosf] kbflwsf/L x'g] l:yltdf sltko
Joj:yfsf] rrf{ ub}{ o;df b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ cj:yfdf d"Nofª\sg ul/g] sd{rf/L ;'k/LIf]sn]
klxrfg ug'{xf];\ . g} glrGg] ;d:of /xg',
lghfdtL ;]jf P]g, @)$( / lgodfjnL, k|To]s sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{ ljj/0f :ki6 ¿kdf nfu"
@)%) adf]lhd lghfdtL sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg gxF'bf sd{rf/Ln] ;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfo{sf] nfut,
d"Nofª\sg sd{rf/L a9'jfsf] Ps k|d'v cfwf/ xf], u'0f, kl/df0f, ;dosf] j}1flgs / j:t'ut ¿kdf
h;df sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{Ifdtf d"Nofª\sgsf] s'n Ps dfkg ug{ g;lsg',
;o cª\sdf sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] ef/ rfnL; sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/fddf sd{rf/Ln]
cª\s 5 . sd{rf/Lsf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;'kl/j]Ifs, e/]sf pknlAw / u/]sf sfo{ k|ultsf] ljZn]if0f
k'g/jnf]sgstf{ / k'g/jnf]sg ;ldltsf] Joj:yf u/L sd{rf/Lsf] lgikIf, kf/bzL{ Pj+ j:t'ut
u/L pgLx¿n] lbg ;Sg] clwstd cª\ssf] ;d]t ¿kdf d"Nofª\sg ug{ g;lsg',
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] s'n dGqfno Pj+ sfof{non] ug]{ sfo{sf] jflif{s
rfnL; cª\sdf logLx¿n] a9Ldf qmdzM kRrL;, b; nIo, sfo{of]hgf, sfo{;DKffbg ;"rs nufotsf
/ kfFr cª\s lbg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 . sfo{;Dkfbg kIf lglb{i6 ¿kdf tof/ gx'gfn] sd{rf/Lsf]
d"Nofª\sg ug{ tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] d"Nofª\sg kmf/fd sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg :ki6 ¿kdf ug{ g;lsg',
k|of]u x'g,] /fhkqfª\lst sd{rf/Lsf] cw{jflif{s / sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf]
jflif{s ¿kdf / /fhkq cgª\lst sd{rf/Lsf] jflif{s ax'cfoflds k|of]u h:t}M sfo{s'zntf clej[l4,
¿kdf d"Nofª\sg ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . sd{rf/Ln] sfo{Ifdtfdf ;'wf/, tflnd cfjZostfsf]
;Dkfbg u/]sf] sfdsf] nfut, u'0f, kl/df0f / ;dosf klxrfg, sfdsf cfwf/df tna, k'/:sf/, b08
cfwf/df d"Nofª\sg ul/g] Joj:yf 5 . sd{rf/Lsf] ;hfo, kb:yfkg, ;?jfnufotsf kIfdf k|of]u
sfo{;Dkfbg d'Nofª\sgsf nflu d'Nofª\sg ul/g] gu/L s]jn a9'jf k|of]hgdf cª\s lbg] sfo{df
sd{rf/LeGbf sDtLdf Ps >]0fL dflysf] ;DalGwt dfq k|of]u ul/g',
sd{rf/L ;'k/Lj]Ifs x'g] / ;'k/Lj]IfseGbf Ps >]0fL
tf]lsPsf] ;doleq} ;'k/Lj]Ifsaf6 sd{rf/Lsf]
dflysf] ;DalGwt sd{rf/L k'g/jnf]sgstf{ x'g]
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg x'g g;Sg',
Joj:yf 5 .
sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx¿ kl/ro, k|efj, kxF'raf6 sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg
g]kfnsf] lghfdtL ;]jfdf sd{rf/Lsf] sfo{;Dkfbg k|efljt x'g',
d"Nofª\sgsf nflu pk/f]Qm sfg'gL cfwf/, ;'k/Lj]Ifs, sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg ug]{ kbflwsf/L lhDd]jf/
k'g/jnf]sgstf{ / k'g/jnf]sg ;ldltsf] Joj:yf eP gx'g', /fd|f] / g/fd|f] sfo{ 5'§fpg g;Sg', ;txL
klg sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg lgikIf, kf/bzL{, j:t'ut ¿kdf Psd'i6 d"Nofª\sg ug'{, ;a} sd{rf/LnfO{
Pj+ j}1flgs x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;df b]lvPsf a/fa/ cª\s lbg',
;d:ofnfO{ lgDg cg';f/ klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 M k|To]s jif{ ljt/0f x'g] lghfdtL ;]jf k'/:sf/
;a} If]q, sfof{no Pj+ ju{df sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{ sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df ljt/0f x'g
Ps} k|sf/sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nofª\sg kmf/fd g;Sg' .
k|of]u x'g', @= g]kfnsf]] ;ª\3Lo k|0ffnLsf cfwf/e"t ljz]iftfx¿
lhNnf:t/df sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] ;'k/Lj]Ifs s] s] x'g\ < rrf{ ug'{xf];\ .

o'jfd~r, @)&( h]7

 Pp6} b]zdf ax';/sf/åf/f /fHozlQmsf] :yfgLo txsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL–*
k|of]u ug]{ /fhgLlts k|0ffnL ;ª\3Lotf xf] . o;df df @@ ljifodf lglxt 5g\, oL ljifodf ufpF÷gu/
Pp6f b]znfO{ PseGbf a9L k|fGt, /fHo jf k|bzdf ] ;efn] sfg'g agfpg ;Sg],
ljefhg u/]/ zf;g ;~rfng ug]{ k2lt x'G5 . of] o; ;ª\3, k|bz] / :yfgLo txsf] ;femf clwsf/
Joj:yfdf s]Gb| ;/sf/, k|fGtLo÷/fHo÷k|bz ] ;/sf/ ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL–( df !% ljifodf lglxt 5g\,
/ :yfgLo ;/sf/ u/L st} oLdWo] b'O{ jf st} tLg oL ljifodf ;ª\3Lo ;+;b\, k|b]z ;ef, ufpF÷gu/
k|sf/sf] ;/sf/ x'g] ub{5 . ;+ljwfgn] k|To]s txsf ;efn] sfg'g agfpg ;Sg],
;/sf/sf] clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L tf]sL Psfk;df cjlzi6 clwsf/ ;ª\3sf] x'g] .
;DfGjo tyf ;xsfo{sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] x'G5 . ;a} 3= ;+ljwfg Pj+ P]g lgodåf/f Jojl:yt ul/Psf],
txsf ;/sf/df cf–cfˆg} df}lns zlQm x'G5, cfˆgf g]kfndf ;ª\3Lo k|0ffnLnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{sf
ljifodf lg0f{o ug{ ;a} ;Ifd x'G5g\, :jfoQ x'G5g\, nflu g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf ljleGg Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
;femf ljifodf oL ;a} ;dfg /xG5g\ . g]kfnsf] ;ª\3Lo txut ¿kdf /x]sf k|To]s ;/sf/sf Psn clwsf/,
k|0ffnLdf klg log} ljz]iftf 5g\, c¿ yk ljz]iftfnfO{ ;femf clwsf/sf] Joj:yf 5 . cjlzi6 clwsf/
lgDgcg';f/ rrf{ ug{ ;lsG5 M ;ª\3df /xg] Joj:yf 5 . ;+ljwfgsf] ;ª\3Lo Joj:yf
s= tLg txsf] ;ª\3Lo ;+/rgf M sfof{Gjog ug{ cGt/;/sf/L ljQ Joj:yfkg P]g,
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f %^ df g]kfnsf] d"n @)&$, ;ª\3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo tx -;dGjo tyf
;+/rgf ;ª\3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo tx u/L tLg txsf] x'g] cGt/;DaGw_ P]g, @)&&, /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|ft] tyf
Joj:yfn] g]kfndf tLg txsf] ;/sf/ ;~rfngdf 5 . ljQ cfof]u P]g, @)&$, :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g,
s]Gb|df ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/sf ¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/, k|b]zdf @)&$, cfly{s sfo{ljlw tyf ljQLo pQ/bfloTj P]g,
k|b]z ;/sf/ / :yfgLo txdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ 5g\ . @)&^, sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg P]g, @)&% nufotsf P]g
;ª\3 Ps, k|bz ] ;ft / :yfgLo tx ;ft ;o lqkGg u/L sfg‘gsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfndf s'n ;ft ;o Ps;¶L ;/sf/ 5g\ . ª= ljjfb ;dfwfg Pj+ ;dGjosf nflu kof{Kt
v= ;xsfl/tfdf cfwfl/t ;ª\3Lotf M :f+:yfut Joj:yf ul/Psf],
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @#@ df ;ª\3, k|bz ] g]kfndf ;ª\3Lo k|0ffnLsf] Jojl:yt sfof{Gjogsf
/ :yfgLo txaLrsf] ;DaGw ;xsfl/tf, ;xcl:tTj qmddf b]lvg] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{, txut ;/sf/aLr
/ ;DfGjosf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t x'g] Joj:yf 5 . ;dGjo sfod ug{sf nflu b]xfoadf]lhdsf] ;+:yfut
k/:k/ ;xof]udf cfwfl/t ;+3Lotfsf cfwf/df Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 M
;ª\3Lo PsfOx¿aLrsf] ;DaGw ;~rfng ug]{, != ;+jwflgs
} Ohnf; M
;ª\3Lo PsfOaLr lhDd]jf/L, ;|f]t ;fwg / k|zf;gsf] tLg txsf ;/sf/aLr clwsf/ If]qsf] ljjfb,
;fem]bf/L ub}{ ;'dw'/ / ;xof]ufTds ;DaGwsf] ljsf; lgjf{rg ljjfbsf] ;'? sf/afxL / lsgf/f ug{ ;jf{]Rr
/ lj:tf/ ug]{ /fHosf] /fhgLlts p2]Zo tyf gLlt cbfntdf Ps ;+jwflgs } Ohnf; /xg], h;df
5 . /fHoZflQmsf] k|of]u ;a} txsf ;/sf/n] k|of]u k|wfg GofofwLz / Gofo kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df k|wfg
ug]{ / oL ;a} txsf ;/sf/ cfk;L ;dGjo, ;xsfo{ GofofwLzn] tf]s]sf cGo rf/ hgf GofofwLz /xg]
/ cGt/;DaGwdf txut ;/sf/ ;~rflnt x'g] Joj:yf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#& n] u/]sf] 5 .
Joj:yf 5 . @= cGt/ k|bz] kl/ifb\ M
u= /fHo zlQmsf] :ki6 afF8kmfF6 ul/Psf] 5, tLg txsf ;/sf/aLr pTkGGf /fhgLlts ljjfb
d'n'ssf] /fHo zlQm afF8kmfF6 b]xfoadf]lhd x'g] ;dfwfg ug{ k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf u7g x‘g]
Joj:yf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf :ki6 ul/Psf] 5 M Joj:yf g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @#$ df 5 .
;ª\3sf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL–% df #% #= /fli6«o ;dGjo kl/ifb\ M
ljifodf lglxt 5g\, oL ljifodf ;ª\3Lo ;+;b\n] ;\3, k|bz] / :yfgLo txaLr ;dGjo tyf
sfg'g agfpg ;Sg], cGt/;DaGw Jojl:yt ug{ k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf
k|b]zsf] clwsf/ ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL–^ df @! of] kl/ifb\ u7g x'g] Joj:yf ;ª\3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo
ljifodf lglxt 5g\, oL ljifodf k|bz ] ;efn] tx -;dGjo tyf cGt/;DaGw_ P]g, @)&& sf] bkmf
sfg'g agfpg ;Sg], !^ df 5 .
;ª\3 / k|b]zsf] ;femf clwsf/ ;+ljwfgsf] $= k|bz
] ;dGjo kl/ifb\ M
cg';"rL–& df @% ljifodf lglxt 5g\, oL k|bz
] / :yfgLo txaLr ;dGjo tyf cGt/;DaGw
ljifodf ;ª\3Lo ;+;b\ / k|bz ] ;efn] sfg'g Jojl:yt ug{ k|To]s k|bzdf] d'VodGqLsf] cWoIftfdf
agfpg ;Sg], u7g x'g] Joj:yf ;ª\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo tx -;dGjo

@)&( h]7 o'jfd~r

tyf cGt/;DaGw_ P]g, @)&& sf] bkmf @$ df 5 . eG;f/df k}7f/L x'g] dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No
%= cGt/ ;/sf/L ljQ kl/ifb\ M lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/x¿ ;DaGwdf eG;f/ P]g, @)^$
;ª\3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo txaLr cGt/;/sf/L ljQ n] ljleGg Joj:yf u/]sf] 5, h;nfO{ lgDgcg';f/
Joj:yfkgsf ljifodf cfjZos k/fdz{ tyf ;dGjo pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 M
ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cy{ dGqLsf] ;+of]hsTjdf k}7f/L x'g] dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No lgwf{/0f
cGt/;/sf/L ljQ kl/ifb\sf] u7g x'g] Joj:yf ubf{ ljZj Jofkf/ ;ª\u7gsf] eG;f/
cGt/;/sf/L ljQ Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ sf] bkmf ## d"Nofª\sg;DaGwL lgodx¿ cg';"rL / JofVof
n] u/]sf] 5 . cjnDag ul/g],
^= /fli6«o k|fs[lts ;|f]t tyf ljQ cfof]u M k}7f/L ul/g] dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No To:tf]
;ª\3, k|b]z / :yfgLo txaLr /fh:j afF8kmfF6, dfnj:t'sf] sf/f]af/ d"Nosf] cfwf/df lgwf{/0f
cg'bfg ljt/0f, cfGtl/s C0fsf] :fLdf, k|fs[lts ul/g],
;|f]tsf] afF8kmfF6, /fh:j c;'nLdf ;'wf/nufotsf k}7f/Lstf{n] cfkm"n] k}7f/L u/]sf] dfnj:t'sf]
ljifodf lj:t[t cfwf/ tyf 9fFrf lgwf{/0f ug{, l;kmfl/; d"No k|dfl0ft ug]{ ljj/0f tyf sfuhft ;+nUg
ug{ of] cfof]usf] Joj:yf g]kfsf] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f @%!, u/L sf/f]af/ d"No 3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{,
@%@ df 5 . k}7f/Lstf{n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] sf/f]af/ d"No ljZj
r= ;ª\3Lotf sfof{Gjog ug{ tLg txdf sd{rf/L Jofkf/ ;ª\u7gsf] eG;f/ d"Nofª\sgcg'¿k
;dfof]hg Pj+ Joj:yfkg ul/Psf], ePdf eG;f/ clws[tn] To:tf] sf/f]af/ d"Nosf]
sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg P]gadf]lhd ;ª\3, k|b]z / cfwf/df dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{,
:yfgLo txdf sd{rf/L ;dfof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn To:tf] sf/f]af/ d"Nodf ef8f, aLdf tyf cGo
;/sf/sf] ;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf ;fdfGo k|zf;g ;Da4 vr{ ;dfj]z ePsf] gb]lvPdf eG;f/
dGqfnon] sd{rf/L Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] clws[tn] ;f]sf nflu nfUg ;Sg] cg'dflgt
5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;ª\3Lo lghfdtL ;]jfdf sd{rf/L /sd hf]8L sf/f]af/ d"No lgwf{/0f ug]{,
egf{ tyf 5gf]6sf] sfo{ nf]s;]jf cfof]un], k|bz ]
lghfdtL ;]jf tyf :yfgLo txsf] ;]jfdf cfjZos k}7f/Lstf{n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] d"No zª\sf:kb
kg]{ sd{rf/L egf{ tyf 5gf]6sf nflu k|bz ] nf]s;]jf 5 eGg] ljZjf; ug'{kg]{ dgfl;a sf/0f ePdf
cfof]usf] u7g eO{ sfo{ x'g yfn]sf] cj:yf 5 . eG;f/ clws[tn] lgh;Fu To:tf] d"No jf:tljs
5= cfly{s clwsf/sf] k|of]udf :ki6tf ul/Psf], sf/f]af/ d"No xf] egL k|dfl0ft ug]{ yk sfuhft
jf k|df0f lnlvt ¿kdf dfu ug{ ;Sg], To;/L
;ª\3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo txn] cfˆgf] cfly{s dfu ePsf sfuhft pknAw u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L
clwsf/sf] ljifodf gLlt tyf sfg'g agfpg], To:tf] k}7f/Lstf{sf] x'g],
lg0f{o ug]{, jflif{s ah]6 agfpg], of]hgf agfpg]
/ To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{, k}7f/Lstf{n] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] sf/f]af/ d"No jf k];
u/]sf] aLn, aLhs / sfuhftsf cfwf/df s'g}
;ª\3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo txn] cf–cfˆgf] txsf] dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No lgwf{/0f x'g g;s]df
ah]6 agfpg], To;sf] sf/0f;lxtsf] ;"rgf eG;f/ clws[tn]
;ª\3, k|bz ] / :yfgLo txn] cfˆgf] cfly{s ;DalGwt k}7f/Lstf{nfO{ lbg'kg]{,
clwsf/ If]qleqsf] ljifodf s/ nufpg / tL pk/f]Qmadf]lhd sf/f]af/ d"Nosf cfwf/df eG;f/
;|ftaf6
] /fh:j p7fpg ;Sg], d"No lgwf{/0f ug{ g;lsPdf To:tf] dfnj:t'sf]
;ª\3n] ;femf ;'rLsf ljifodf / cfly{s eG;f/ d"No To:tf] dfnj:t' k}7f/L x'g'eGbf klxn]
clwsf/sf cGo If]qdf k|bznfO{ ] ;d]t nfu' x'g] g]kfndf k}7f/L eO;s]sf] ;d¿ksf] dfnj:t'
u/L cfjZos gLlt, dfkb08 / sfg‘g agfpg -cfO8]lG6sn u'8\;_ sf] sf/f]af/ d"Nosf]
;Sg], cfwf/df lgwf{/0f ul/g],
To;}u/L tLg txsf ;/sf/sf] /fh:j clwsf/, pk/f]Qmadf]lhd ;d¿ksf] dfnj:t'sf] sf/f]af/
/fh:j :f|ftsf]
] afF8kmfF6, cg'bfg ljt/0f, j}b]lzs d"Nosf] cfwf/df eG;f/ d"No lgwf{/0f ug{
;xfotf / C0f, cfGtl/s C0f, tLg txsf] ah]6 g;lsPdf To:tf] dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No
Joj:yfkgnufotsf ljljw ljifodf :ki6 Joj:yf g]kfndf klxn] k}7f/L ePsf] ldNbf]h'Nbf] dfnj:t'
u/L g]kfnsf] ;ª\3Lo k|0ffnL sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf] 5 . -l;ldn/ u'8\;_sf] sf/f]af/ d"Nosf] cfwf/df
#= eG;f/df k}7f/L x'g] dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No lgwf{/0f ul/g],
lgwf{/0f ug]{ cfwf/x¿ s] s] x'g\ < pNn]v
ug'{xf];\ . ldNbf]h'Nbf] dfnj:t'sf] sf/f]af/ d"Nosf]
cfwf/df eG;f/ d"No lgwf{/0f ug{ g;lsPdf
o'jfd~r, @)&( h]7
 To:tf] dfnj:t'cl3 g} g]kfndf k}7f/L eO{ Joj:yf ug'{ .
ahf/df k}7f/Lstf{;Fu c;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ %= unt lnvt tof/ ug]{ /fi6«;jsnfO{ ] e|i6frf/
laqmL ePsf] /x]5 eg] To;/L laqmL ePsf] lgjf/0f P]g, @)%( adf]lhd s] s:tf] ;hfo x'g]
clwstd PsfOsf] k|ltPsfO laqmL d"Nodf Joj:yf 5 <
g]kfndf nfu]sf] s/, dx;'n, cGo ;Da4 vr{ s'g} lnvt tof/ ug]{ st{Jo ePsf] s'g}
/ d'gfkmf s6fO{ -l88lS6e Eofn' d]y8cg';f/_ /fi6«;]jsn] g]kfn ;/sf/ jf ;/sf/L lgsfo jf
To:tf] dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No lgwf{/0f ul/g], ;fj{hlgs ;+:yf jf s'g} JolQmnfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg]
pk/f]Qmadf]lhd eG;f/ d"No lgwf{/0f ug{ ablgotn] To:tf] s'g} lnvt tof/ u/]df e|i6frf/
g;lsPdf To:tf] dfnj:t' pTkfbg jf lgdf{0f ug{ lgjf/0f P]g, @)%( adf]lhd lghnfO{ s;'/sf]
nfu]sf] vr{ / ;f] dfnj:t' k}7f/Lstf{nfO{ laqmL dfqfcg';f/ tLg dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{;Dd s}b / b;
ubf{ laq]mtfn] lnPsf] jf lng ;Sg] d'gfkmf;d]t xhf/ ?lkofFblv] krf; xhf/ ?lkofF;Dd hl/jfgf x'g]
u0fgf u/L -sDKo'6]8 Eofn' d]y8cg';f/_ eG;f/ Joj:yf 5 .
d"No lgwf{/0f ul/g], ^= s] s:tf sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu
o;/L eG;f/ d"No lgwf{/0f ug{ g;lsPdf eG;f/ ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfn] gu/ k|x/Lsf]
clws[tn] pk/f]Qm Joj:yfljk/Lt gx\'g] u/L kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf 5 < pNn]v ug'{xf];\ .
dgfl;a cfwf/df To:tf] dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfsf] Psn
lgwf{/0f ug]{, clwsf/ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf] cg';"rL–* df pNn]v
dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"No sfod ubf{ ;fdfGotM ePadf]lhd x'g] Joj:yf 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgsf]
ljb]zL d'b|fdf ul/g], k}7f/Lsf] cj:yfdf dx;'n cg';"rL * sf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{
a'emfpg' kg]{ dfnj:t'sf] d"Nofª\sg ljb]zL u/L ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsfn] gu/ k|x/Lsf] u7g,
d'b|fdf ePsf]df ;f]sf] g]kfnL ?lkofFdf kl/jt{g ;~rfng, Joj:yfkg, lgodg, gu/ k|x/L;DaGwL gLlt,
ubf{ dfnj:t' hfFrkf; x'Fbfsf lbg g]kfn /fi6« sfg'g / dfkb08sf] lgdf{0f tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ tyf
a}ª\saf6 tf]lsPsf] ljb]zL d'b|fsf] laqmL b/sf] b]xfosf sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf nflu gu/ k|x/Lsf]
cfwf/df ul/g], g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\saf6 ljlgdo kl/rfng ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng
b/ gtf]lsPsf] ljb]zL d'b|fsf] xsdf ;f] ljb]zL P]g, @)&$ n] u/]sf] 5 M
d'b|fnfO{ cd]l/sL 8n/df kl/jt{g ubf{ x'g] ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] gLlt, sfg'g,
cd]l/sL 8n/sf] laqmL b/sf] cfwf/df ul/g] dfkb08 tyf lg0f{o sfof{Gjog ug{,
t/ s"6gLlts ;'ljwf, dx;'n ;'ljwf jf k"0f{ ufpFkflnsf jf gu/kflnsfsf] ;DklQsf] ;'/Iff /
jf cf+lzs dx;'n 5'6df klxn] k}7f/L eO{ kl5 ;+/If0f ug{,
dx;'n a'emfpg] dfnj:t'sf] eG;f/ d"NonfO{ :yfgLo :t/df x'g] ;ef ;df/f]x, k/Dk/f tyf
g]kfnL ?lkofFdf kl/jt{g ubf{ afFsL dx;'n hfqf rf8kj{sf] ;'/Iff Joj:yfkg ug{,
a'emfpg] lbgdf g]kfn /fi6« a}ª\saf6 tf]lsPsf] :yfgLo ahf/ tyf kfls{ª :ynsf] /]vb]v /
ljb]zL d'b|fsf] laqmL b/sf] cfwf/df ul/g] Joj:yfkg ug{,
Joj:yf 5 . ufpF jf gu/ ;/;kmfO;DaGwL dfkb08sf]
$= d'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ n] lnPsf sfof{Gjog ug{,
p2]Zox¿ s] s] x'g\ < n]Vg'xf];\ . Goflos ;ldltn] u/]sf ldnfkq tyf lg0f{osf]
@)&% ;fn ebf} ! ut]b]lv k|f/De ePsf] sfof{Gjog ug{,
d'n'sL ck/fw -;+lxtf_ P]g, @)&$ n] lnPsf p2]Zox¿
;fj{hlgs P]nfgL / ktL{ hUuf, ;fj{hlgs ejg,
lgDgcg';f/ 5g\ M
;Dkbf tyf ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;'/Iff
d'n'sdf sfg'g tyf Joj:yf sfod ug'{, ug{,
;j{;fwf/0fsf] g}ltstf, lzi6frf/, ;bfrf/, ljkb\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL vf]hL, p4f/, /fxt tyf
;'ljwf, cfly{s lxt sfod /fVg', k'g:yf{kgf ug{,
ljleGg wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts ;d'bfoaLrsf] cglws[t lj1fkg tyf xf]l8ª af]8{ lgoGq0f ug{,
;';DaGw tyf zflGt sfod ug{‘,
5f8f kz' rf}kfofsf] lgoGq0f ug{,
kmf}hbf/L s;'/ lgjf/0f / lgoGq0f ug'{,
cglws[t lgdf{0f tyf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ
kmf}hbf/L s;'/;DaGwL sfg'gnfO{ ;+zf]wg / cltqmd0f /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f ug{,
PsLs/0f ug'{,
sfo{kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] cGo sfo{ ug{ .
;dofg's"n kmf}hbf/L s;'/;DaGwL ;+lxtfsf]
@)&( h]7 o'jfd~r
&= lhNnf ljkt\ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g Pj+ sfd, ljkt\ k|efljt If]qdf cfjZostfcg';f/ oftfoft
st{Jo / clwsf/af/] rrf{ ug'{xf];\ . tyf dflg;sf] cfjthfjtdf lgoGq0f ug]{,
lhNnf:t/df ljkt\ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{sf ljkt\sf sf/0f l;lh{t kmf]xf]/ tyf cGo
nflu lhNnf ljkt\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt u7g u/L pQm cgfjZos j:t' x6fpg] jf x6fpg nufpg],
;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/;DaGwL Joj:yf ljkt\sf] ;dodf d[To' ePsf dflg;sf] zj tyf
ljkt\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg P]g, @)&$ hgfj/sf] Joj:yfkg ug]{, u/fpg],
n] u/]sf] 5, h;nfO{ lgDgcg';f/ rrf{ ug{ ;lsG5 M cfkt\sfnLg cj:yfdf ljkt\ k|efljt JolQmsf
lhNnf ljkt\ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] u7g M nflu cf>o u[xsf] Joj:yf ug]{,
-s_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L – cWoIf ljkt\sf] ;dodf tTsfn kl/rfng x'g ;Sg] u/L
-v_ lhNnf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] k|ltlglw ;'/Iff lgsfonfO{ b'?:t /fVg nufpg],
–;b:o
ljkt\ k|efljt If]qdf vfg]kfgL, vfBfGg,
-u_ lhNnfleqsf :yfgLo txsf cWoIf tyf
k|d'v – ;b:o nQfsk8f tyf cf}iflw pkrf/h:tf cTofjZos
j:t'sf] k|aGw ug]{,
-3_ :jf:Yo;DaGwL ljifo x]g]{ lhNnfl:yt
sfof{nosf] k|d'v –;b:o ljkt\ k|efljt If]qdf tTsfn cfjZos kg]{
-ª_ lhNnfl:yt ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'vx¿ c:yfoL ef}lts ;+/rgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ug{
–;b:o nufpg],
-r_ lhNnfl:yt k"jf{wf/ tyf ;fdflhs ljkt\sf] cj:yfdf :yfgLo:t/df pknAw
ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt sfof{nosf k|d'vx¿ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L Pj+ lghL oftfoftsf ;fwg,
–;b:o oGq, ;/;fdfg, vfB;fdfg cflb sfg'gadf]lhd
-5_ /fli6«o dfGotf k|fKt bnsf lhNnfl:yt lgoGq0fdf lnO{ k|of]u ug]{ jf ug{ nufpg],
k|d'v jf k|ltlglw –;b:o ljkt\sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf jf ljkt\ k|efljt If]qdf
-h_ g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6Lsf] lhNnfl:yt /x]sf c;'/lIft ejgx¿ eTsfpg nufpg],
k|d'v –;b:o c;'/lIft ejg tyf :yfgdf /x]sf ljkt\ k|efljt
-em_ u}/;/sf/L dxf;ª\3sf] lhNnfl:yt k|d'v JolQmx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft :yfgdf :yfgfGt/0f ug]{,
–;b:o ljkt\ k|efljt If]qdf :jo+;]js, ljz]if1 tyf
-`_ g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;ª\3sf] lhNnfl:yt k/fdz{bftfnfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ / ;f]sf] ;'kl/j]If0f
k|d'v –;b:o ug]{,
-6_ pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;ª\3sf] lhNnfl:yt /fli6«o jf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿af6
k|d'v –;b:o ul/g] p4f/ tyf /fxt Pj+ ;xof]u cflb
-7_ k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Ln] tf]s]sf] clws[t lqmofsnfksf] ;dGjo ug]{,
–;b:o ;lrj ljkt\sf] ;dodf vf]h, p4f/ tyf /fxt /
lhNnf ljkt\ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo k'gnf{e;DaGwL sfo{sf nflu :yfgLo txnufot
/ clwsf/ M ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo ug]{,
ljkt\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg /fli6«o ljkb\ kZrft cfpg ;Sg] ;xfos k|sf]kx¿sf]
kl/ifb\, sfo{sf/L ;ldlt tyf k|b]z ;ldltaf6 Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos sfo{x¿ ug]{,
:jLs[t gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ljkt\ k|efljt If]qdf ;ª\s6u|:t If]q 3f]if0ff
ug{ ;xof]u ug]{, u/fpg], ug'{kg]{ cj:yf /x]df g]kfn ;/sf/;dIf l;kmfl/;
lhNnfsf] ljkt\ k|ltsfo{ of]hgf tof/ u/L nfu" ug]{,
ug]{, u/fpg], ljkt\;DaGwL ;"rgf k|jfx ug]{,
lhNnf:t/df /x]sf cfkt\sfnLg sfo{;~rfng p4f/ tyf /fxt sfo{qmdsf] k|ult ljj/0f ljkt\
s]Gb|sf] ;~rfng ug]{, hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf Joj:yfkg k|flws/0fdf
pknAw ;|f]tsf] pRrtd k|of]u tyf k|jfx u/L k7fpg],
ljkt\ k|efljt If]qdf vf]hL tyf p4f/ ug]{, k|To]s cfly{s jif{df u/]sf] sfdsf]
g]kfn ;/sf/af6 :jLs[t dfkb08cg';f/ /fxt ljj/0f;lxtsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k|b]z
ljt/0f ug]{, u/fpg] tyf lhNnfl:yt ;/sf/L ljkt\ Joj:yfkg ;ldlt;dIf k]; ug]{ .
tyf u}/;/sf/L sfof{nonfO{ ;f]xLcg';f/ /fxt
ljt/0f ug{ nufpg], n]vg÷;+of]hg M x]drGb| zdf{
o'jfd~r, @)&( h]7
 tkfO{+sf] k|Zg <
Hof]= xl/k|;fb kf}8]nsf] pQ/
gfd M k|bLk lg/f}nf eP/ a;]sfn] x+z dxfk'?ifof]u ;d]t aGf]sf] 5 . h;sf]
hGd ldlt M @)%% c;f/ @^ ut] sf/0f hLjgdf pRr ;kmntf / gfd sdfpg] of]u /x]sf]
hGd:yfg M ch'{gwf/f emfkf 5 . ;fy} k|an j[x:kltsf sf/0f ljBfdf pRr ;kmntf
k|fKt ug]{ ;Defjgf /x]sf] 5 . ;DkGg clg ;'vdo
;/sf/L hflu/, nf]s;]jf / ;]o/dfs]{6sf] af/]df eljiosf] of]u /x]sf] 5 . bzd efjdf dª\unu|x a;]sf]
hfgsf/L lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' . x'gfn] dftflktfsf eQm, ;dfh;]jL, ;Hhg :jefjsf] ;d]t
agfpg] b]lvG5 . jt{dfg ;dodf eg] ;ª\s6fbzf rn]sfn]
tkfO{+sf] hGd pQ/fiff9f gIfqdf ePsfn] ds/ ;fdfGo c:j:ytfsf ;fy} ;fgf]ltgf] rf]6k6ssf] ;d]t
/flz kb{5 . lrgfcg';f/ efUo /fd|f] /x]sfn] eljiodf ;Defjgf b]vfpF5 . bf]if zflGtsf pkfo u/fPdf /fd|f] x'Gf]5 .
ul/vfgsf nflu k|z:t cj;/ ldNg] b]lvG5 . s'08nLdf
;/sf/L hflu/sf] of]u kg{ uPsf] 5 t/ jt{dfg ;dodf gfd M ;kgf >]i7
rn]sf] ;f9];ft zlg / pNsfsf] bzfsf sf/0f l9nf;':tL 7]ufgf M s'k08f]n, nlntk'/
u/fpg] b]lvPsf] 5 . ;doeGbf cufl8 / efUoeGbf a9L hGd ldlt M @)%*.)^.!!
kfOFbg} . o;sf/0f klg w}o{ ug'{xf]nf, g/fd|f] ;dokl5 km]l/ hGd ;do M (M!% ah] laxfg
/fd|f] ;do kSs} cfpF5 . clxn]sf] ;dodf ;]o/dfs]{6df
k:of] ls km:of] eGg] hfGg'xf]nf . ;jf/L rnfpFbf ljz]if d]/f] efUo, ljBf / eljio s] s:tf] b]lvG5 <
;fjwfgL ckgfpg'kg]{ ;do /x]sf] 5 . bf]if lgjf/0fsf s[kof atfOlbg'xf]nf .
nflu u|xbzfsf] :jl:tzflGt u/fpFbf /fd|f] xf]nf .
tkfO{s+ f] hGd ljzfvf gIfqsf] rf}yf] r/0fdf ePsfn]
gfd M lbns'df/ sfsL{ …tf]Ú cIf/af6 gfd lg:sG5 eg] j[lZrs /flz kg{ cfpF5 .
hGd M @)^^ r}t # ut] :j:yk"0f{ bL3f{os ' f] of]u /x]sf] 5 . eljiodf cfly{s ;kmntf
hGd;do M laxfg M ^ M $( ah] /fd|f] x'g] b]lvG5 . r/nUgdf hGd ePsfn] :jb]zdf eGbf
ljb]zdf /fd|f] ;kmntf ldNg]5 . ljBf a'l4 Pj+ rfl/lqs u'0f
s[kof gfltsf] :jf:Yo, cfo', ljBf clg efUosf] /fd|f /x]sf 5g\ . ;Hhg, ldng;f/ clg ;/n :jefjsf]
af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOlbg'xf]nf . b]vfpF5 . tkfO{s + f nflu cfOtaf/ clg /ftf] j0f{ ljz]if
nfebfoL x'G5 . jt{dfg ;dodf pNsf / zlgsf] bzf
gfltsf] hGd pQ/fefb|kbf gIfqsf] klxnf] rn]sfn] ;fgf]ltgf] rf]6k6ssf] ;d]t ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
r/0fcGtu{t kg{ uPsfn] dLg /flz kb{5 . /fd|f u|xof]udf b'O{ jif{sf nflu :s'6/, df]6/;fOsn grnfpFbf /fd|f] xf]nf .
gfltsf] hGd ePsf] 5 . gfltsf u|xof]ucg';f/ :jf:Yo v/fa ;ª\utdf kfg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sfn] ;fyL;ª\utdf
/fd|f] b]lvG5 eg] bL3f{o'sf] of]u;d]t /x]sf] 5 . efUo ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kg]5 { . @# jif{kl5 efUof]bosf] of]u /x]sf] 5 .
alnof] lnP/ cfPsf 5g\ . ljBf a'l4 /fd|f 5g\ . c;n,
1fgL, dftflktfsf eQm cf1fsf/L ;d]t agfpF5 . gfd M /df sfsL{
eljiodf s'nsf] OHht a9fpg] u|xof]u ;d]t /x]sf] 5 . 7]ufgf M w/fg, ;'g;/L
jt{dfg ;dodf l;4fsf bzf rn]sfn] :jf:Yosf ;fy} hGd ldlt M @)#( h]7 !! ut]
k9fOdf ;d]t /fd|f] ug]{ b]lvG5 . hGd ;do M laxfg (M!) ah]

gfd M j;Gt kf}8]n >Ldfg\;Fusf] ;DaGw s:tf] xf]nf < ;fy} kfl/jfl/s
7]ufgf M lrtjg, e/tk'/ ;'vsf nflu s] s:tf] pkfo /x]sf 5g\ < s[kof
hGd ldlt M @)&).)*.! atfOlbg' x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' .
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