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cell structure and function

The document provides an overview of cell structure and function, highlighting the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as specific organelles and their roles. Key concepts include the discovery of cells, cell theory, and the functions of various cell components such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. It also discusses the unique features of plant and animal cells, including cell walls, vacuoles, and lysosomes.

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9 views21 pages

cell structure and function

The document provides an overview of cell structure and function, highlighting the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, as well as specific organelles and their roles. Key concepts include the discovery of cells, cell theory, and the functions of various cell components such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes. It also discusses the unique features of plant and animal cells, including cell walls, vacuoles, and lysosomes.

Uploaded by

sayannityanandapur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cell structure & function

Indranil Ghosh
Cell is a structural and functional unit of life
Study of cell - Cytology
Cell was discovered by Robert Hooke (Dead cell)

Living cell was discovered by Leeuwenhoek.

Cell Theory was published by – Schleiden & Schwann

Modern cell theory was proposed by – Rudolf Virchow

Entry of solid particle into the cell – Phagocytosis

Entry of liquid particle into the cell - Pinocytosis


Prokaryotic cell

1. It is primitive
2. Absence of membrane bound cell organell
3. Nucleus is not well organised
4. Nucleus is called Nucleoid or genophore
5. Respiration takes place by Mesosome
6. Ribosome is 70 S type
Eukaryotic cell
PLANT ANIMAL CELL CHARACTER
PLANT CELL –
➢ Cell wall
➢ Plastid
➢ Large vacuole

ANIMAL CELL –
➢ Centrosome
➢ Lysosome
CELL WALL

• Plant cell wall is dead covering, Composed of


cellulose,Hemicellulose,lignin
• Bacterial cell wall is made up of Peptidoglycan
• Fungal cell wall is made up of Chitin
• Plasmodesmata ( cytoplasmic connection
between adjacent cell ) present in cell wall
CELL MEMBRANE

• It is living covering found in


any cell.
• Made up of protein and lipid
• Fluid Mosaic model of cell
membrane was discovered by
Singer & Nicolson
Discovered by Robert Brown
It is called brain of a cell
Nucleolus is called ribosomal factory
Chromatin reticulum is actually chromosome
Multi-nucleated plant cell – Coenocyte
Multi-nucleated animal cell – Syncytium
Nucleus less cell – Mature RBC , Platelets , Seive
tube ( plant )
The term Mitochondria was given
by Benda
It is called power house or semi
autonomous cell organell
Inner membrane produce cristi
contain F0 –F1 particle
• Both Mitochondria & Plastid contain – DNA ,
Ribosome , ATP producing machinary
• Both are called semi autonomous cell organell
• “ CELL WITHIN A CELL “ is applicable for both
Mitochondria and plastid
• Plastid is largest cell organell
• Chloroplast is called photosynthetic cell
organell
• Chloroplast is also called Sugar factory of cell
• Amyloplast – Carbohydrate containing plastid
• Aleuroplast – Protein containing plastid
• Elioplast – Lipid containing plastid
Ribosome is smallest cell organell

Function – Protein synthesis

Ribosome is called protein factory

Mg ++ ion is responsible for


attachment of 2 ribosomal subunit
Found only
in Animal
cell.

2 centrioles
are present
Function - Helps in cell division .
at 90⁰

During cell division it produce


spindle fiber
Membrane
MICROTUBULE less

Helps in cell
division of
plant

Contain
Tubulin
protein
Called Traffic police

Produce Acrosome
of sperm

In plant cell , it is
called Dictyosome

Function –
Secretion of mature
protein
Suicidal bag or Atom Bomb
Present only in Animal cell
Contain Hydrolytic Enzyme
Spherosome is called plant
lysosome
RER –
Protein
synthesis

SER- Fat
synthesis
Largae vacuole present in plant cell
Animal cell contain either small vacuole or not
Membrane of vacuole is called Tonoplast
SPECIAL POINTS
• Cell inclusions are non living compounds ,
produce by metabolic process which are
cystolith and Raphides
• Cystolith is made up of crystal of calcium
carbonate
• Raphides are composed of calcium oxalate
• Protoplasm is called physical basis of life.
• Protoplasm = cytoplasm + nucleus

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