Scribd
Upload
8 views1 page

10a ANSWERS Summary

The document explains the properties and structures of ionic and covalent compounds, highlighting how ionic compounds consist of giant structures of ions formed by electron transfer, leading to high melting and boiling points. In contrast, covalent compounds can form both giant structures with high melting points and small molecules with low melting points due to weak intermolecular forces. Additionally, it discusses the unique properties of metals and their ability to conduct electricity due to delocalized electrons.

Uploaded by

Karina Leung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views1 page

10a ANSWERS Summary

The document explains the properties and structures of ionic and covalent compounds, highlighting how ionic compounds consist of giant structures of ions formed by electron transfer, leading to high melting and boiling points. In contrast, covalent compounds can form both giant structures with high melting points and small molecules with low melting points due to weak intermolecular forces. Additionally, it discusses the unique properties of metals and their ability to conduct electricity due to delocalized electrons.

Uploaded by

Karina Leung
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

Island School Chemistry 10a

Revision: Properties and Structure ANSWERS


An ionic compound is a giant structure of ions. The ions are formed when atoms of one
element transfer electrons to the atoms of another element. The atoms that lose electrons
become positive ions and the atoms that gain electrons become negative ions. The combined
charges must cancel out. These ions now have the electronic structure of a noble gas. Atoms that
share electrons can also form giant structures. Substances with giant structures have high
melting points and boiling points.
Atoms that share electrons often form small molecules. There are chemical bonds between the
atoms in each molecule but not between the molecules. Molecular substances have low melting
points and boiling points.
In molecules, the atoms are held together because they share pairs of electrons in the outer shell
of atoms. The strong bonds between the atoms are called covalent bonds.
You should be able to represent the covalent bonds in water (H2O), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen
(H2), hydrogen chloride (HCl), methane (CH4) and oxygen (O2) in the following forms:

Different types of substance have different properties because of differences in the forces
between the particles from which they are made. Simple molecular compounds are gases, liquids
or solids, which have relatively, low melting points and boiling points and do not conduct
electricity. This is because:
• the forces between the molecules (intermolecular forces) are weak; and
• the molecules do not carry an overall electric charge.
Diamond and graphite (forms of carbon) and silicon dioxide (silica) are giant covalent structures
of atoms. Because of the large number of strong covalent bonds in their structures, they have
very high melting points.
In diamond each carbon atom forms four covalent bonds in a rigid, giant covalent structure.
In graphite each carbon atom forms three covalent bonds and the carbon atoms form layers,
which are free to slide over each other. In graphite there are free electrons, which allow graphite
to conduct electricity.
Ionic compounds are held together by strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged
ions. This is the ionic bond. Ionic compounds form regular structures (giant ionic lattices) in which
the strong forces between oppositely charged ions result in these compounds having high
melting points and high boiling points. When they are melted or dissolved in water, ionic
compounds conduct electricity because the ions are free to move.
Metals consist of giant structures of positive ions surrounded by a ‘sea’ of delocalised electrons
from the outer shell of the atom. These electrons:
• hold the atoms together in a regular structure;
• allow the atoms to slide over each other; and
• allow the metal to conduct electricity.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy